团体标准:新要求新目标新机遇

Standardization Administration of China has recently issued the Opinions on Promoting the High-quality Development of Association Standards jointly with other 16 ministries and national departments,aiming to put in place the National Standardization Development Outline,regulate association standardization and facilitate the healthy development of association standards in China.

Characterization of coal burning-derived individual particles emitted from an experimental domestic stove

Coal combustion in the domestic stoves, which is common in most parts of the Chinese countryside, can release harmful substances into the air and cause health issues. In this study, particles emitted from laboratory stove combustion of the raw powder coals were analyzed for morphologies and chemical compositions by using transmission electron microscopy （TEM） coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry （EDX）. The coal burning-derived individual particles were classified into two groups： carbonaceous particles （including soot aggregates and organic particles） and non-carbonaceous particles （including sulfate, mineral and metal particles）. The non-carbonaceous particles, which constituted a majority of the coal burning-derived emissions, were subdivided into Si-rich, S-rich, K-rich, Ca-rich, and Fe-rich particles according to the elemental compositions. The Si-rich, S-rich and K-rich particles are commonly observed in the coal burning emission. The proportions for particles of different types exhibit obvious coal-issue dependence. Burning of coal with high ash yield could emit more non-carbonaceous particles, and burning of coal with high sulfur content can emit more S-rich particles. By comparing the S-rich particles from this coal burning experiment with those in the atmosphere, we draw a conclusion that some S-rich particles in the atmosphere in China could be mainly sourced from coal combustion.

Distribution of rare earth elements in PM10 emitted from burning coals and soil-mixed coal briquettes

Emission from burning coals is one of the major sources of the airborne particles in China.We carried out a study on the rare earth elements(REEs)in the inhalable particulate matter(PM10)emitted from burning coals and soil-coal honeycomb briquettes with different volatile contents and ash yields in a combustion-dilution system.Gravimetric analysis indicates that the equivalent mass concentration of the PM10 emitted from burning the coals is higher than that emitted from burning the briquettes.The ICP-MS analysis indicates that the contents of total REEs in the coal-burning PM10 are lower than those in the briquetteburning PM10.In addition,the contents of the light rare earth elements(LREEs)are higher than those of the heavy rare earth elements(HREEs)in the PM10 emitted from burning the coals and briquettes,demonstrating that the REEs in both the coal-burning and briquetteburning PM10 are dominated by LREEs.The higher contents of total REEs and LREEs in the coal-burning PM10 are associated with the higher ash yields and lower volatile contents in the raw coals.A comparative analysis indicates that the La/Sm ratios in the PM10 emitted from burning the coals and briquettes,being lower than 2,are lower than those in the particles from gasoline-powered vehicle emission.