Intensification of chemical separation engineering by nanostructured channels and nanofluidics: From theories to applications

With the development of manufacturing technology on the nanoscale, the precision of nano-devices is rapidly increasing with lower cost. Different from macroscale or microscale fluids, many specific phenomena and advantages are observed in nanofluidics. Devices and process involving and utilizing these phenomena play an important role in many fields in chemical engineering including separation, chemical analysis and transmission.In this article, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress in theoretical studies and manufacturing technologies on nanofluidics. Then we discuss practical applications of nanofluidics in many chemical engineering fields,especially in separation and encountering problems. Finally, we are looking forward to the future of nanofluidics and believe it will be more important in the separation process and the modern chemical industry.

Transcriptomic analysis of Andrias davidianus meat and experimental validation for exploring its bioactive components as functional foods

Andrias davidianus(Chinese giant salamander,CGS)is the largest and oldest extant amphibian species in the world and is a source of prospective functional food in China.However,the progress of functional peptides mining was slow due to lack of reference genome and protein sequence data.In this study,we illustrated full-length transcriptome sequencing to interpret the proteome of CGS meat and obtain 10703 coding DNA sequences.By functional annotation and amino acid composition analysis,we have discovered various genes related to signal transduction,and 16 genes related to longevity.We have also found vast variety of functional peptides through protein coding sequence(CDS)analysis by comparing the data obtained with the functional peptide database.Val-Pro-Ile predicted by the CDS analysis was released from the CGS meat through enzymatic hydrolysis,suggesting that our approach is reliable.This study suggested that transcriptomic analysis can be used as a reference to guide polypeptide mining in CGS meat,thereby providing a powerful mining strategy for the bioresources with unknown genomic and proteomic sequences.

Engineering organoid microfluidic system for biomedical and health engineering:A review

In recent years,organoid technology,i.e.,in vitro three-dimensional(3D)tissue culture,has attracted increasing attention in biomedical engineering.Organoids are cell complexes induced by differentiation of stem cells or organ-progenitor cells in vitro using 3D culture technology.They can replicate the key structural and functional characteristics of the target organs in vivo.With the opening up of this new field of health engineering,there is a need for engineering-system approaches to the production,control,and quantitative analysis of organoids and their microenvironment.Traditional organoid technology has limitations,including lack of physical and chemical microenvironment control,high heterogeneity,complex manual operation,imperfect nutritional supply system,and lack of feasible online analytical technology for the organoids.The introduction of microfluidic chip technology into organoids has overcome many of these limitations and greatly expanded the scope of applications.Engineering organoid microfluidic system has become an interdisciplinary field in biomedical and health engineering.In this review,we summarize the development and culture system of organoids,discuss how microfluidic technology has been used to solve the main technical challenges in organoid research and development,and point out new opportunities and prospects for applications of organoid microfluidic system in drug development and screening,food safety,precision medicine,and other biomedical and health engineering fields.

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Th-doped LiMn_2O_4 powders for lithium-ion batteries

To improve the cycle performance of eco-friendly and cost-effective spinel LiMn2O4 as the Li secondary batteries, the Th-doped LiThxMn1-xO4 spinel powers were synthesized by solid-state method. The starting materials, Li2CO3, MnO2 and Th(NO3)4·4H2O, were mixed uniformly using a traditional ball milling, which resulted in a uniform particle size distribution in the mixed powers. Tests of X-ray diffraction, SEM, impedance spectra and charge-discharge were carried out for LiThxMn1-xO4 cathode materials. Results show that the synthesized LiTh0.01Mn1.99O4 material exhibits standard spinel structure, regular particle morphology and excellent property of charge-discharge for big current. The capacity retention of the material modified by doping Th is more than 85.1% of the first discharge specific capacity of 111.5 mAh·g-1 after 20 cycles at the current rate 1C, while the pristine LiMn2O4 is only 57% of the first discharge specific capacity of 110.2 mAh·g-1 after the same cycles at the same current rate.

Electrochemical performance of LiFePO_4 cathode material for Li-ion battery

In the search for improved materials for rechargeable lithium batteries, LiFePO4 offers interesting possibilities because of its low raw materials cost, environmental friendliness and safety. The main drawback with using the material is its poor electronic conductivity and this limitation has to be overcome. Here Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials were prepared by a polymer-network synthesis technique. Testing of X-ray diffraction, charge-discharge, and cyclic voltammetry were carried out for its performance. Results show that Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a high initial capacity, good cycle stability and excellent low temperature performance. The electrical conductivity of LiFePO4 material can be obviously improved by doping Al. The better electrochemical performances of Al-doped LiFePO4/C composite cathode materials have a connection with its conductivity.

Inhibitory Effect of Ferulic Acid on Oxidation of L-DOPA Catalyzed by Mushroom Tyrosinase

在 mushroomtyrosinase 和运动行为的 diphenolase 活动的 ferulic 的禁止的效果作为底层与 L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA ) 被学习。导致失去的 50% 相对活度(IC_(50 )) 的禁止者集中被估计是 0.15mmol · L ^(-1) 。从 Lineweaver-Burk 阴谋获得的抑制机制证明 thatferulic 酸是竞争性抑制物，由 ferulic 的 tyrosinase 的抑制是可逆反应。为与 tyrosinase 有约束力的 ferulic 的平衡常数决心是 0.25mmol · L ^( 为 diphenolase 的 -1) 。

Study on Direct Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate with Heterogeneous Catalytic Reaction (V) Screening Catalysts and Optimizing Synthesis Conditions

Pd/LaxPbyMnOz, Pd/C, Pd/molecular sieve and Pd-heteropoly acid catalysts for direct synthesis of diphenyl carbonate (DPC) by heterogeneous catalytic reaction were compared and the results of DPC synthesis indicated that the catalyst Pd/LaxPbyMnOz had higher activity. The Pd/LaxPbyMnOz catalyst and the support was characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM, the main phase was La0.62Pb0.38MnO3 and the average diameter could be about 25.4 nm. The optimum conditions for synthesis of DPC with Pd/LaxPbyMnOz were determined by orthogonal experiments and the experimental results showed that reaction temperature was the first factor of effect on the selectivity and yield of DPC, and the concentration of O2 in gas phase also had significant effect on selectivity of DPC. The optimum reaction conditions were catMyst/phenol mass ratio 1 to 50, pressure 4.5 MPa,volume concentration of O2 25%, reaction temperature 60° and reaction time 4 h. The maximum yield and average selectivity could reach 13% and 97% respectively in the batch operation.

Adsorption of β-Naphthalenesulfonic Acid/Sulfuric Acid from Their Solution by Weakly Basic Resin

Experiments for single and bisolute competitive adsorption were carried out to investigate the adsorption behavior of β-naphthalenesulfonic acid(NSA and sulfuric acid from their solution at 25℃ onto weakly basic resin D301R,Adsorption affinity of sulfuric acid on D301R was found to be much higher than that of NSA.The data of single-solute adsorption were fitted to the Langmuir model and the Freundlich adsorption model.The ideal adsorbed solution theory(IAST) coupled with the single-solute adsorption models were used to predict the bisolute competitive adsorption equilibria.The IAST coupled with the Langmuir and the Freundlich model for sulfuric acid and NSA.Respectively,yields the favorable representation of the bisolute competitive adsorption behavior.

Synthesis and characterization of CoFe_2O_4 nanoparticles

The reverse microemulsion composition consisting of 37.0% cyclohexane, 26.0% surfactant （TX-10 and AEO9）, 13.0% n-pentanol and 24.0% aqueous phase was investigated and chosen for the preparation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles. Then silicon dioxide was coated onto the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles. The two kinds of nanoparticles were characterized by means of X-ray diffractometry（XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, infrared spectroscopy （IR）, and energy dispersion spectrometry （SEM-EDS）. The SEM results indicate that both nanoparticles have narrow size distribution, less agglomeration and are in the size range of 1060nm. XRD patterns show that there is not any peak detected except for the peaks of CoFe2O4, and imply that the coated silicon dioxide is amorphous. IR absorption spectra of the samples show the characteristic bands of Si—O—Si group and Fe—O group. SEM-EDS indicates that the molar ratio of Fe to Si is 96.11∶3.89. These results prove that a thin film of SiO2 is coated on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles. And the characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles prepared by conventional precipitation method are compared.

Decolorization of Anthraquinone dye by Rhodopseudomonas XL-1

Rhodopseudomonas XL 1 gained from textile wastewater can effectively decolorize anthraquinone dye. Under anaerobic condition, 93 percent of the anthraquinone dye is decolorized , which is higher than that under aerobic condition. The optimum pH is 6～9 and the optimum temperature is 20～40℃ for the anthraquinone dye decolorization by XL 1 . XL 1 can not decolorize the anthraquinone dye when it is the sole carbon source. Microbial cometabolism and decolorization of the dye take place in the presence of some other carbon source(0.2～0.4g/100ml)called cometabolic substrate. The cometabolic substrate can be peptone, glucose, sodium acetate, beef extract, amylum, etc. The change of molecular structure of the dye before and after decolorized by XL 1 is studied by UV Vis absorption spectrum. The results indicate that its molecular structure is changed evidently.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bi(2-nitrilethyl)aminoacetonitrile

The title compound bi(2-nitrilethyl)aminoacetonitrile has been prepared by the addition reaction of aminoacetonitrile with acrylonitrile, and its crystal structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound (C8H10N4) crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 7.646(12), b = 14.578(2), c = 8.341(1) ? ?= 100.38(1)? V = 914.5(14) 3, Mr = 162.20, Z = 4, F(000) = 344, Dc = 1.178 g/cm3, T = 293 K, = 0. 077 mm-1 and l = 0.71073 ? The structure was refined to R = 0.0574 and wR = 0.1331 for 1107 observed reflections with I > 2(I).

Quantitative evaluation of DNA damage caused by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma (ARTP) and other mutagenesis methods using a rapid umu-microplate test protocol for microbial mutation breeding

Mutagenesis is an important technique for microbial mutation breeding.As the source of mutations,DNA damage extent is a key indicator for the effectiveness of mutagenesis.Therefore,a rapid and easy DNA damage quantification method is required for the comparison of mutagenesis effects and development of mutagenesis tools.Here,we used the umu-microplate test system to quantitatively compare the DNA damage strength caused by atmospheric and room-temperature plasma(ARTP)and other traditional mutagenesis methods including:ultraviolet radiation(UV),diethyl sulfate(DES)and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4-NQO).The test strain of Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 was used to monitor the time-course profile of b-galactosidase activity induced by DNA damage caused by different mutagenesis methods using a microplate reader.The umu-microplate test results showed that ARTP caused higher extent of DNA damage than UV and chemical mutagens,which agrees well with the result obtained by SOS-FACS-based quantification method as reported previously.This umu-microplate test is accessible for broad researchers who are lack of the expensive FACS instruments and allows the quick quantitative evaluation of DNA damage among living cells for different mutagenesis methods in the study of the microbial mutation breeding.

Effect of Crystallization of Li_2O-Al_2O_3-SiO_2 Glasses on Luminescence Properties of Nd^(3+) Ions

Generally the preparation of lithium aluminosilicate（LAS） glasses is difficult on account of their high melting temperature. This research managed to prepare LAS glasses doped with Nd^3＋ ions by the conventional melting and quenching technique, at a relatively low melting temperature and by the use of some additives. Lithium aluminosilicate glasses were transformed to glass-ceramics by controlled nucleation and the crystallization process. The characterizations were performed by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis-NIR scanning spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrometry. The research focused on the photoluminescence spectra of the initial glass and the glass-ceramics under different heat-treatment schedules. Three main fluorescence bands centering at about 890, 1065, and 1330 nm were ob- served, which corresponded to the transitions of ^4F3/2→^4I9/2, ^4F3/2→^4I11/2, and ^4F3/2→^4I13/2, respectively. Phase compositions of glass-ceramics were found to affect their fluorescent characteristics considerably. The fluorescent intensity increased markedly when Nd^3 ＋ ions entered the LixAlxSi1-xO2 β-eucryptite solid solution （SS）. Quenching occurred when Nd^3 ＋ ions located at LixAlxSi3-xO6β-eucryptite SS. Quenching disappeared after LixAlxSi3-xO6 β-eucryptite SS recrystallized into β-spodumene SS. The effectively induced cross section σin of Nd^3＋ ions located at the LixAlxSi1-xO2 β-eucryptite SS was 1.931 ×10^-21 cm^2 at 1065 nm.

Synthesis and Properties of La and Sb Doped SnO_2 Conductive Nanoparticles

La and Sb doped SnO_2 conductive nanoparticles were prepared by the coprecipitation method with SnCl_4·5H_2O, SbCl_3 and La_2O_3 as the raw materials. Thermal behavior, crystal phase, and structure of the prepared conductive nanoparticles were characterized by TG/DSC/DTG, FTIR, XRD and TEM techniques, respectively. The resistivity of the prepared conductive nanoparticles is 2.5 Ω·cm. TG/DSC/DTG curves show that the precursors lose weight completely before 750 ℃. FTIR spectrum show that the vibration peak are wide peak in 718～615 cm -1, and the La and Sb doped SnO_2 conductive nanoparticles have intense absorption in 4000～2000 cm -1. X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the conductive nanoparticles indicates that the Sb-doping in SnO_2 is replacement doping and La 3+ combines with Sn 4+ and O 2- form La_2Sn_2O_7. TME shows that the particles are weakly agglomerated, and the size of the particles calcined at 1000 ℃ ranged about 20～30 nm.

Synthesis and Structure of a New Bicadmium (Ⅱ) Complex with Macrocyclic Hexaaza Bearing Hydroxyethyl Pendants

A new bicadmium(??) complex [Cd2L](ClO4)2?1.25H2O (C28H35Cd2Cl4N6O13.25) was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and ES mass spectral analyses. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a = 15.630(3), b = 15.990(3), c = 16.330(3) ?, α = 89.90(3), β = 68.87(3), γ = 87.94(3)o, V = 3804.1(13) ?3, Mr = 1034.22, Z = 4, F(000) = 2060, Dc = 1.806 g/cm3, T = 293(2) K, μ = 1.468 mm-1 and λ = 0.71073 ?. The structure was refined to R = 0.0779 and wR = 0.1960 for 7034 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I).

ODD-EVEN EFFECT OF LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE PROPERTIES OF AROMATIC-ALIPHATIC COPOLYAMIDES

A series of aromatic-aliphatic copolyamides containing different aliphatic diamine units was synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation. The liquid crystalline critical concentration (c*) and liquid crystalline critical temperature (T*) of these copolyamides exhibited an odd-even zigzag effect with the odd-even variation of carbon atom number in the aliphatic diamines used.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Ternary Mixed Ligand Complex [Cu(ampym)(bapa)Cl](ClO_4) (ampym = 2-Aminopyrimidine, bapa = Bi(3-aminopropyl)amine)

The title complex [Cu（ampym）（bapa）Cl]（ClO4） （C10H22Cl2CuN6O4） was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pna21 with a = 11.9904（12）, b = 15.9796（16）, c = 8.9 i 43（9） A^°, V = 1708.0（3）A^°3 Mr = 424.78, Z = 4, F（000） = 876, Dc = 1.652 g/cm^3, T = 293 K,μ =1 .619 mm^-1 and λ=0.71073 A^°. The structure was refined to R = 0.0240 and wR ： 0.0564 for 2905 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. Flack = 0.039（12）.

Structure of a Polymeric Mn(II) Complex Bridged by Benzenetetracarboxylate

The single crystals of the title compound were obtained from a reaction of MnCO3, benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4BTC) and imidazole in an aqueous solution. The crystal of Mn(II) complex (C28H34Mn2N12O124H2O, Mr = 912.62) belongs to tricli nic, space group P?with a = 10.036(1), b = 10.650(1), c = 11.102(1) , a = 114.72(2), b = 95.75(1), g = 108.46(2)o, V = 984.2(2) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.540 g/cm3, F(000) = 472, m(MoKa) = 0.726 mm-1, R = 0.0409 and wR = 0.1166 for 3909 observed reflections (I > 2s(I)). The crystal consists of the polymeric Mn(II) complex anions and discrete Mn(II) complex cations, both with normal octahedral coordination geometry. Each BTC bridges two Mn(II) atoms to form the anionic polymeric chain, and the cations distribute be- tween the chains and link them through both classic and weak CH…O H-bonding.