Advances in Structural Geology and Tectonics in the Late 20th Century: A Review

Based on analyses of the share of documents of structural geology and tectonics in the GeoRef system over 100 years in the last century, and the historical change of international （31 years） and domestic （16 years） document counts of various topics in structural geology and tectonics, the position of structural geology and tectonics in the geosciences is evaluated and the major advaces in fields of plate tectonics, continental dynamics and global dynamics are reviewed. Our attention mainly focuses on the advances in studies of structural analysis, deformation mechanisms and rheology of rocks, contractional tectonics and late- and post-orogenic extensional collapse in orogens, large-scale strikeslip faults and indentation-extrusion tectonics, active tectonics and natural hazards. The relationships of structural geology and tectonics with petrology and geochronology are also discussed in terms of intersection of scientific disciplines. Finally, some suggestions are proposed for the further development of structural geology and tectonics in China.

The concentration of fluorine in coals and gangue of China

A detailed comparison was done between the data about the F in coals published at home and abroad, and associated with the special situation in China. An introduction also was made to illuminate the forming, occurrence and accumulation of the F in coals and its potential hazard to human and environment. Analytical data of coal samples were referred to study the great difference of the F content between coals and gangue. The results show that the average value of the F in the coal samples collected in different coalfields of China is 304x10^6, while that of gangue samples is surprisingly 1 319x10^6, especially the F content of coal ash from Bangmai in Yunnan Province reaches 4 800x10^6. It has been proved in many provinces of China that burning the coal and clay mixture can produce F contamination.

Mesozoic–Cenozoic Tectonic Evolution and Uplift in Pamir:Application of Fission Track Thermochronology

The Pamir Plateau can be divided into three secondary tectonic units from north to south:the North,the Middle and the South Pamir Blocks.The North Pamir Block belonged to the southern margin of Tarim-Karakum,thermochronological study of the Pamir structural intersection indicates that accretion of the Middle Pamir Block to the Eurasian Continental Margin and its subduction and collision with the North Pamir Block occurred in the Middle–Late Jurassic.Due to the Neo-Tethys closure in the Early Cretaceous,the South Pamir Block began to collide with the accretion(the Middle Pamir Block)of the Eurasian Continental Margin.Affected by the collision and continuous convergence between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian Plate since the Cenozoic,Pamir is in a multi-stage differential uplift process.During 56.1–48.5 Ma,North Pamir took the lead in uplifting,that is,the first rapid uplift in the Pamir region began there.The continuous compression and contraction of the Indian and Eurasian plates during 22.0–15.1 Ma forced the Pamir tectonic syntaxis to begin its overall uplift,i.e.Pamir began to enter the second rapid uplift stage in the Early Oligocene,which lasted until the Middle Miocene.During 14.6–8.5Ma,South Pamir was in a rapid uplift stage,while North Pamir was in a relatively stable state,showing asymmetry of tectonic deformation in the Pamir region in space.Since 6.5 Ma,Pamir began to rapidly uplift again.

3-Phase Modeling for the Origin of Chinese Lithium-Rich Brines

There are significantly different origins and mineralizations among various lithium-rich brines of the world.As for Clayton Valley,Nevada,the data and interpretations recently presented suggest that the model

Spatial coupling relationships of gas hydrate formation in the Tibetan Plateau

At present, gas hydrates are known to occur in continental high latitude permafrost regions and deep sea sediments. For middle latitude permafrost regions of the Tibetan Plateau, further research is required to ascertain its potential development of gas hydrates. This paper reviewed pertinent literature on gas hydrates in the Tibetan Plateau. Both geological and ge- ographical data are synthesized to reveal the relationship between gas hydrate formation and petroleum geological evo- lution, Plateau uplift, formation of permafrost, and glacial processes. Previous studies indicate that numerous residual basins in the Plateau have been formed by original sedimentary basins accompanied by rapid uplift of the Plateau. Ex- tensive marine Mesozoic hydrocarbon source rocks in these basins could provide rich sources of materials forming gas hydrates in permafrost. Primary hydrocarbon-generating period in the Plateau is from late Jurassic to early Cretaceous, while secondary hydrocarbon generation, regionally or locally, occurs mainly in the Paleogene. Before rapid uplift of the Plateau, oil-gas reservoirs were continuously destroyed and assembled to form new reservoirs due to structural and thermal dynamics, forcing hydrocarbon migration. Since 3.4 Ma B.P., the Plateau has undergone strong uplift and extensive gla- ciation, periglacier processes prevailed, hydrocarbon gas again migrated, and free gas beneath ice sheets within sedi- mentary materials interacted with water, generating gas hydrates which were finally preserved under a cap formed by frozen layers through rapid cooling in the Plateau. Taken as a whole, it can be safely concluded that there is great temporal and spatial coupling relationships between evolution of the Tibetan Plateau and generation of gas hydrates.

Discovery of a Late Miocene mammalian fauna from Siziwang Banner,Inner Mongolia,and its paleozoogeographical significance

Wulanhua 动物志(7 妈) 源于基础部分在 Siziwang 旗帜的近来中新世的红泥土，内部蒙古。中国红泥土存款富于 Hipparion 动物志的石块，并且广泛地相对越过山西， Shaanxi，河南省，和 Gansu 省被散布。蒙古的高原也包含开发得好的晚第三纪存款，特别在中央内部蒙古，在哺乳动物的动物志的一个序列被识别了的地方。Wulanhua 动物志的发现提供 Hipparion 动物志的 paleogeographical 分发的重要指示物，并且这研究也贡献红泥土的气候、环境的意义的更好的理解。Wulanhua 动物志的大多数形式与一样或在 Baode 动物志以内关门到 taxa。然而，一些形式是稍微，更多 Baode 动物志比那些发源，它可以显示大约 7 妈的稍微更年轻的地质的年龄。Wulanhua 动物志的部件建议产地是一个典型大草原因此产出直接证据描出在东方和在诺思中国的晚中新世的 Hipparion 动物志的西方分区之间的边界。