Announcement of the China National Intellectual Property Administration on Matters Related to Annuities and Individual Designation Fees of Design Patents

Pursuant to the relevant provisions of the Notice of the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Finance on Issues Concerning the Standards for Annuities and Individual Designation Fees of Design Patents(Fagaijiage[2022]No.465)and the Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial Designs(hereinater referred to as"the Hague Agreement"),the China National Intellectual Property Administration will implement the new standards for annuities and individual designation fees of design patents as of 5 May 2022.The relevant issues are hereby announced as follows.

A redundant subspace weighting procedure for clock ensemble

A redundant-subspace-weighting(RSW)-based approach is proposed to enhance the frequency stability on a time scale of a clock ensemble.In this method,multiple overlapping subspaces are constructed in the clock ensemble,and the weight of each clock in this ensemble is defined by using the spatial covariance matrix.The superimposition average of covariances in different subspaces reduces the correlations between clocks in the same laboratory to some extent.After optimizing the parameters of this weighting procedure,the frequency stabilities of virtual clock ensembles are significantly improved in most cases.

Preparation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanofibril-Waterborne Polyurethane Composite Films

To improve the performance of polyurethane films,small amounts of cellulose nanofibrils(CNF)were physically blended with a waterborne polyurethane(WPU)emulsion,and then CNF/WPU composite films were prepared by cast-coating and drying.The particle size of the emulsions and the chemical structure,micromorphology,thermal stability,mechanical properties,and water resistance of the composite films were characterized using a Malvern laser particle size analyzer,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis(TGA),an electronic strength machine,water contact angle analysis(WCA),and water absorption tests,respectively.The results showed that at a low CNF content of 0.3 wt%,the particle size of the WPU emulsion and chemical structure of the film did not change significantly.In addition,the tensile strength of the composite film increased by up to 108%compared to the neat WPU film,and the thermal stability and water resistance were slightly improved.The addition of CNF greatly enhanced the tensile strength while maintaining the other original properties of the WPU film,which may greatly improve the service life and tear resistance of commercial coatings in the future.

Degradable Foam Tray Based on High-concentration Dispersed Cellulose Fibers Obtained by a Hot-press Baking Process

Degradable industrial packaging foam trays made from cellulose fibers were fabricated using a hot-press baking process.Bleached softwood pulp fibers with a concentration of 30%were dispersed at a high speed under the action of a dispersant.The effects of the dispersant dosage of the fibers on the porosity,foam density,and static compression characteristics were discussed.Furthermore,the effects of the reinforcing adhesive including polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),and cassava starch on the physical and mechanical properties of the foam trays were studied,as well as the relationship between these properties and the microstructure of the foam trays.The dispersant enhanced the rheological and blistering properties of the fiber dispersion.As the dispersant dosage increased from 2%to 4%,the foam density gradually increased and the compressive strain performance and residual compressive strain of the foam trays decreased.Under the condition of constant dosage of dispersant,increasing the fiber proportion from 67%to 77%improved the porosity and foam density and slightly reduced the static compression performance.In additioton,the static compression resistance of the foamed materials was improved by increasing the PVA dosage since PVA was beneficial for improving the strength of the foam trays.

Research Status and Prospects of Bio-based Materials for Grease Barrier Coatings on Paper Food Packaging

Increased environmental and health concerns over the use of plastic packaging or fluorine-containing coatings,in combination with increased market demand for products with a longer shelf life,make bio-based materials one of the most important research candidates for alternative paper packaging materials for oil resistance.These bio-based materials have excellent oxygen and oil barriers,which are critical for food packaging.Moreover,they are biodegradable,naturally renewable,and safe.In this artical,two main groups of bio-based oil repellents for paper food packaging,including polysaccharide-based biopolymers and protein-based biopolymers,are enumerated,and the advantages and weaknesses of bio-based oil repellents are discussed,and effective solutions are proposed.Finally,research status and prospects on the development of bio-based oil-resistant coatings for the food packaging industry are presented.

Analysis of development situation and patent technology of catalyst wastewater treatment

The development situation and patent technology of Catalyst Wastewater Treatment are analyzed.Catalysts have a wide range of applications in industrial productions.However,wastewater produced during their pro‐duction has restricted the development of related enterprises.The state of the art,trends,and technological routes of patent technology of catalyst wastewater treatment is analyzed,using statistical analysis,relied upon China National Intellectual Property Administration’s Patent Search and Service System.It is provided a refer‐ence for the innovation of future catalyst wastewater treatment technology.

Developing a Uniquely Chinese System of Intellectual Property

On November 30,2020,the Political Bureau of the 19th CPC Central Committee held a collective study session on strengthening protection of intellectual property(IP).President Xi Jinping chaired the session and gave an important speech in which he affirmed China’s historic achievements in,and elaborated on the great significance of,IP protection,discussed the current situation and tasks facing such work,and the Party’s main policies aimed at strengthening IP protection.

Engineering morphologies of yttrium oxide supported nickel catalysts for hydrogen production

The catalytic performance is highly related to the catalyst structure.Herein,a series of Ni nanoparticles supported on Y_(2)O_(3) with different morphologies were successfully synthesized via hydrothermal process screening different pH environments.These Ni/Y_(2)O_(3)catalysts were applied to efficiently produce CO_(x)-free H2through ammonia decomposition.We identify a significant impact of Y_(2)O_(3)supports on nickel nanoclusters sizes and dispersion.The experimental results show that Ni/Y11 catalyst achieves 100% ammonia decomposition conversion under a gas hour space velocity(GHSV) of 12,000 ml·h^(-1)·gcat^(-1) and temperature of 650℃.Such a high level of activity over Ni/Y11 catalyst was attributed to a large specific surface area,appropriate alkalinity,and small Ni nanoparticles diameter with high dispersion.

Canopy structure:An intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances

Grasslands are one of the largest coupled human-nature terrestrial ecosystems on Earth,and severe anthropogenic-induced grassland ecosystem function declines have been reported recently.Understanding factors influencing grassland ecosystem functions is critical for making sustainable management policies.Canopy structure is an important factor influencing plant growth through mediating within-canopy microclimate(e.g.,light,water,and wind),and it is found coordinating tightly with plant species diversity to influence forest ecosystem functions.However,the role of canopy structure in regulating grassland ecosystem functions along with plant species diversity has been rarely investigated.Here,we investigated this problem by collecting field data from 170 field plots distributed along an over 2000 km transect across the northern agro-pastoral ecotone of China.Aboveground net primary productivity(ANPP)and resilience,two indicators of grassland ecosystem functions,were measured from field data and satellite remote sensing data.Terrestrial laser scanning data were collected to measure canopy structure(represented by mean height and canopy cover).Our results showed that plant species diversity was positively correlated to canopy structural traits,and negatively correlated to human activity intensity.Canopy structure was a significant indicator for ANPP and resilience,but their correlations were inconsistent under different human activity intensity levels.Compared to plant species diversity,canopy structural traits were better indicators for grassland ecosystem functions,especially for ANPP.Through structure equation modeling analyses,we found that plant species diversity did not have a direct influence on ANPP under human disturbances.Instead,it had a strong indirect effect on ANPP by altering canopy structural traits.As to resilience,plant species diversity had both a direct positive contribution and an indirect contribution through mediating canopy cover.This study highlights that canopy structure is an important intermediate factor regulating grassland diversity-function relationships under human disturbances,which should be included in future grassland monitoring and management.

Patent infringement liability insurance:the application of professional liability in patent opinions

The patent infringement liability insurance is a kind of product to provide liability insurance for manufacturers,sales men,or other bodies from being accused of patent infringement on other’s rights.According to the terms of insurance contracts,before such insurance product being insured,the insurer demands a legal opinion by patent lawyers,or other related professionals,stating clearly that the insuring product seemed noninfringement of others valid patent rights.Then,the insurance company can sign the contract just to have insured the patents listed on the legal opinion as cause of the infringement lawsuit.So when the legal opinion have flaws,it would cause a certain loss to the insurer or the applicant.The paper takes views of patent infringement liability insurance to bring up issues on the professional liability of the legal opinion.

Announcement of the National Medical Products Administration and the China National Intellectual Property Administration on the Promulgation of the Measures for the Implementation of the Early Resolution Mechanism for Drug Patent Disputes(Trial Implementation)(No.89 of 2021)

On the basis of the Patent Law of the Peopled Republic of China,the National Medical Products Administration and the China National Intellectual Property Administration have organized and formulated the Measures for the Implementation of the Early Resolution Mechanism for Drug Patent Disputes(Trial Implementation),which are hereby issued with the consent of the State Council,and shall come into force on the date of promulgation.