Uranium Metallogenic Regionalization and Resource Potential in China

This paper is comprehensively involved in main types of uranium deposits and their general metallogenic characteristics, metallogenic fields, provinces, regions and belts, and uranium resources potential evaluation. Generally speaking, there are favorable conditions and good uranium resources potential for uranium mineralization in China.

Multistage Enrichment of the Sawafuqi Uranium Deposit: New Insights into Sandstone-hosted Uranium Deposits in the Intramontane Basins of Tian Shan, China

Meso-Cenozoic intracontinental orogenic processes in the Tian Shan orogenic belt have significant effect on the sandstone-hosted uranium deposits in the intramontane basins and those adjacent to the orogen. The Sawafuqi uranium deposit, which is located in the South Tian Shan orogenic belt, is investigated to reveal the relationships between uranium mineralization and orogenies. Recent exploration results show that the Sawafuqi uranium deposit has tabular, stratiform, quasi-stratiform, and lens-like orebodies and various geological characteristics different from typical interlayer oxidation zone sandstone-hosted uranium deposits. Systematic studies of ore samples from the Sawafuqi uranium deposit using a variety of techniques, including thin section observation, a-track radiograph, electron microprobe and scanning electron microscope, suggest that uranium mineralization is closely related to pyrite and organic matter. Mineralization-related alterations in the host rocks are mainly silicification and argillation including kaolinite, illite （and illite-smectite mixed layer） and chlorite. Tree stages of mineralization were identified in the Sawafuqi uranium deposit： （i） uranium-bearing detritus and synsedimentary initial pre-enrichment; （ii） interlayer oxidization zone uranium mineralization; and （iii） vein-type uranium mineralization. The synsedimentary uranium pre-enrichment represents an early uranium enrichment in the Sawafuqi uranium deposit, and interlayer oxidation zone uranium mineralization formed the main orebodies, which are superimposed by the vein-type uranium mineralization. Combining the results of this study with previous studies on the Meso-Cenozoic orogenies of South Tian Shan, it is proposed that the synsedimentary uranium pre-enrichment of the Sawafuqi uranium deposit was caused by Triassic Tian Shan uplift, and the interlayer oxidation zone uranium mineralization occurred during the Eocence-Oligocene period, when tectonism was relatively quiet, whereas the vein-type uranium mineralization took place in relation to the strong orogeny of South Tian Shan since Miocene.

On area-specific underground research laboratory for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste in China

Underground research laboratories （URLs）, including ＂generic URLs＂ and ＂site-specific URLs＂, are un- derground facilities in which characterisation, testing, technology development, and/or demonstration activities are carried out in support of the development of geological repositories for high-level radioactive waste （HLW） disposal. In addition to the generic URL and site-specific URL, a concept of ＂areaspecific URL＂, or the third type of URL, is proposed in this paper. It is referred to as the facility that is built at a site within an area that is considered as a potential area for HLW repository or built at a place near the future repository site, and may be regarded as a precursor to the development of a repository at the site. It acts as a ＂generic URL＂, but also acts as a ＂site-specific URL＂ to some extent. Considering the current situation in China, the most suitable option is to build an ＂area-specific URL＂ in Beishan area, the first priority region for China＇s high-level waste repository. With this strategy, the goal to build China＇s URL by 2020 mav be achieved, but the time left is limited.

Acupuncture and Insomnia： A Report of 86 Cases

Objective： To observe the treatment effect of acupuncture on insomnia. Method： All 86 insomnia cases were treated with acupuncture once a day; 5 d make up one course of treatment. There was a 2-day interval between the two courses. After 4 courses of treatment, the therapeutic effect was analyzed, coupled with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index （PSQI） global scores before and after the treatment. Result： The total effective rate was 95.4% and there was a significant difference in PSQI global scores before and after the treatment. Conclusion： Acupuncture is a safe and effective therapy for insomnia. It can improve the patient＇s quality of life and physical function.

Dual pitch titanium-coated pedicle screws improve initial and early fixation in a polyetheretherketone rod semi-rigid fixation system in sheep

Background:Reports on the efficacy of modifications to the thread design of pedicle screws are scarce.The aim of the study was to investigate initial and early fixation of pedicle screws with a plasma-sprayed titanium coating and dual pitch in the pedicle region(dual pitch titanium-coated pedicle screw[DPTCPS])in a polyetheretherketone(PEEK)rod semi-rigid fixation system.Methods:Fifty-four sheep spine specimens and 64 sheep were used to investigate initial(“0-week”controls)and early(postoperative 6 months)fixation,respectively.Sheep were divided into dual pitch pedicle screw(DPPS),standard pitch pedicle screw(SPPS),DPTCPS,and standard pitch titanium-coated pedicle screw(SPTCPS)groups.Specimens/sheep were instrumented with four screws and two rods.Biomechanical evaluations were performed,and histology at the implant-bone interface was investigated.Results:At 0-week,mean axial pull-out strength was significantly higher for the DPTCPS and SPTCPS than the SPPS(557.0±25.2 vs.459.1±19.1 N,t=3.61,P<0.05;622.6±25.2 vs.459.1±19.1 N,t=3.43,P<0.05).On toggle-testing,the DPTCPS was significantly more resistant than the SPPS and SPTCPS(343.4±16.5 vs.237.5±12.9 N,t=3.52,P<0.05;343.4±16.5 vs.289.9±12.8 N,t=3.12,P<0.05;124.7±13.5 vs.41.9±4.3 cycles,t=2.18,P<0.05;124.7±13.5 vs.79.5±11.8 cycles,t=2.76,P<0.05).On cyclic loading,maximum displacement was significantly lower for the DPTCPS than the SPPS and SPTCPS(1.8±0.13 vs.3.76±0.19 mm,t=2.29,P<0.05;1.8±0.13 vs.2.46±10.20 mm,t=2.69,P<0.05).At post-operative 6 months,mean axial pull-out strength was significantly higher for the DPTCPS and SPTCPS than the SPPS(908.4±33.6 vs.646.5±59.4 N,t=3.34,P<0.05;925.9±53.9 vs.646.5±59.4 N,t=3.37,P<0.05).On toggle-testing,the DPTCPS was significantly more resistant than the SPPS and SPTCPS(496.9±17.9 vs.370.3±16.4 N,t=2.86,P<0.05;496.9±17.9 vs.414.1±12.8 N,t=2.74,P<0.05;249.1±11.0 vs.149.9±11.1 cycles,t=2.54,P<0.05;249.1±11.0 vs.199.8±7.2 cycles,t=2.61,P<0.05).On cyclic loading,maximum displacement was significantly lower for the DPTCPS than the SPPS and SPTCPS(0.96±0.11 vs.2.39±0.14 mm,t=2.57,P<0.05;0.96±0.11 vs.1.82±0.12 mm,t=2.73,P<0.05).Resistance to toggle testing(370.3±16.4 vs.414.1±12.8 N,t=3.29,P<0.05;149.9±11.1 vs.199.8±7.2 cycles,t=2.97,P<0.05)was significantly lower and maximum displacement in cyclic loading(2.39±0.14 vs.1.82±0.12 mm;t=3.06,P<0.05)was significantly higher for the SPTCPS than the DPTCPS.Bone-to-implant contact was significantly increased for the DPTCPS compared to the SPPS(58.3%±7.0%vs.36.5%±4.4%,t=2.74,P<0.05);there was no inflammatory reaction or degradation of coated particles.Conclusion:DPTCPSs might have stronger initial and early fixation in a PEEK rod semi-rigid fixation system.