Theory of traditional Chinese medicine and therapeutic method of diseases

Traditional Chinese medicine, including herbal medicine and acupuncture, as one of the most important parts in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), plays the key role in the formation of integrative medicine. Why do not the modern drugs targeting the specificity of diseases produce theoretical effects in clinical observation? Why does not the traditional Chinese medicine targeting the Zheng (syndrome) produce theoretical effects in clinic? There should have some reasons to combine Western medicine with Chinese herbal medicine so as to form the integrative medicine. During the integration, how to clarify the impact of CAM theory on Western medicine has become an emergent topic. This paper focuses on the exploration of the impact of theory of traditional Chinese medicine on the therapy of diseases in Western medicine.

Anti-Helicobacterpyloriimmunoglobulin G(IgG)and IgA antibody responses and the value of clinical presentations in diagnosis of H.pyloriinfection in patients with precancerous lesions

AIM: To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylon) infection, the serum anti-H. pylori immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses, and the value of clinical presentations in diagnosis of H. pylori infection in patients with gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.METHODS: H. pylori infection was detected by histology in 209 patients with mild chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG, n=76),severe CAG (n=22), mild intestinal metaplasia (IM, n=22),severe IM (n=58), or dysplasia (DYS, n=31). Serum antiH. pylori IgG and IgA were double sampled and evaluated by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assays. 35 clinical presentations were observed and their relationship with H.pylori infection was analyzed by the k-means cluster method.RESULTS: Both IgG and IgA levels in H. pylori positive patients were significantly higher than those negative for H.pylori(P＜0.001-0.01). The prevalence of H. pylori was highest in severe IM (84.5%), and lowest in mild CAG (51.3%)(P＜0.01). They were similar in severe CAG (68.2%), mild IN (72.7%), and DYS (67.7%). In H.pylori positive patients,the IgG levels in severe CAG were significantly higher than those in mild CAG (P＜0.01). In H.pylori negative patients,both IgG and IgA levels increased remarkably in severe IM,compared to those in mild IM (P＜0.01-0.05).H. pylori infection exhibited no association with patient′s gender (62.1% in males; 71.7 % in females) and age (r=0.0814, P=0.241).The diagnostic accuracy based on 35 clinical presentations was 65.7 %. It could be improved by 5.7% when only the assemblage of digestive symptoms were engaged, or by 8.6 % when the pathogenic factors, general status and grossoscopy were combined. The diagnostic accuracy could be decreased when only the general symptoms were engaged, or when the pathogenic factors were accompanied with some common digestive symptoms.CONCLUSION: H. pylori infection is a major risk factor for the process from atrophy, IM to DYS of gastric mucosa.Serum IgG and IgA are good indicators to evaluate this progress with a certain arrearage. Investigation on the effective assemblages of clinical presentations may provide a better understanding in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment for H. pylori infection.

Clinical Efficacy and Molecular Mechanism of Nourishing Shen and Supplementing Marrow Principle in Treating β Thalassemia

Objective: To explore the possibility of using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in treating β thalassemia, its clinical effect and molecular mechanism of the action.Methods: According to the TCM theory of“Shen producing marrow”, the composite recipe, Yisui Shenxueling Granule (YSSXL), consisting of Chinese drugs for nourishing Shen and supplementing marrow (NS&SM) was given orally to 7 8 patients with β thalassemia (49 of the severe type and 29 of moderate type ), 3 times a day, 10 g each time (for children, the dose would be reduced proper ly), with 3 months as one therapeutic course, and no blood transfusion used in t he course. The clinical therapeutic efficacy and hematologic parameters in patie nts were observed, and systemic gene analysis was conducted with PAGE, PCR, PCR SSCP, RT PCR and DNA sequences analysis and mRNA detection, in order to s tudy the molecular mechanism from the relationships between genetic mutation and clinical efficacy, gene expression and its regulation. Results: YSSXL showed obvious therapeutic effect in treating β thalassemia. Gene analysis revealed that it did not change the genetic mutatio n type, but could obviously increase hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin (HbF), γ/(β+ γ) globin ratio, γ globin mRNA expression and GM CSF mRNA expression in patients, as well as the GM CSFmRMA in marrow of mice after 60 Co radia tion. Conclusion: YSSXL has a remarkable therapeutic effect on β tha lassemia, and its possible mechanism is its action in unlocking γ gene, in creasing the γ globin expression and enhancing HbF synthesis so as to compe nsate for the gene defect. This study has opened a new path for the treatment of β thalassemia with TCM.

Effects of Guiyuanfang and autologous transplantation of bone marrow stem cells on rats with liver fibrosis

AIM: To investigate the therapeutic effects of Guiyuanfang and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on rats with liver fibrosis.METHODS: Liver fibrosis model was induced by carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, high lipid and assessed biochemically and histologically. Liver function and hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue were determined.Serum hyaluronic acid (HA) level and procollagen Ⅲ level were performed by radioimmunoassay. The VG staining was used to evaluate the collagen deposit in the liver.Immunohistochemical SABC methods were used to detect transplanted BMSCs and expression of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA).RESULTS: Serum transaminase level and liver fibrosis in rats were markedly reduced by Guiyuanfang and BMSCs. HA level and procollagen Ⅲ level were also reduced obviously,compared to model rats (HA: 47.18±10.97 ng/mL,48.96±14.79 ng/mL; PCⅢ: 22.48±5.46 ng/mL, 26.90±3.35ng/mL; P＜0.05).Hydroxyproline contents of liver tissue in both BMSCs group and Guiyuanfang group were far lower than that of model group (1 227.2±43.1 μg/g liver tissue, 1390.8±156.3 μg/g liver tissue; P＜0.01). After treatment fibrosis scores were also reduced. Both Guiyuanfang and BMSCs could increase the expression of uPA. The transplanted BMSCs could engraft, survive, and proliferate in the liver.CONCLUSION: Guiyuanfang protects against liver fibrosis.Transplanted BMSCs may engraft, survive, and proliferate in the fibrosis livers indefinitely. Guiyuanfang may synergize with BMSCs to improve recovery from liver fibrosis.

Correlation between CD4, CD8 cell infiltration in gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori infection and symptoms in patients with chronic gastritis

AIM: To evaluate the correlation between CD4, CD8 cell infiltration in gastric mucosa, Helicobacter pylori(H pylori)infection and symptoms or the assemblage of symptoms in cases with chronic gastritis.METHODS: Biopsy samples at the gastric antrum were obtained from 62 patients with chronic gastritis. CD4 and CD8 cell infiltration was evaluated by immunohistochemical assays on frozen sections of the biopsy samples. Fifteen symptoms referring to digestion-related activity and nondigestion related activity were observed. The correlation between lymphocyte infiltration and each symptom or symptom assemblage was analyzed by logistic regression and K-mean cluster methods.RESULTS: CD4 cell infiltrations in gastric mucosa were much more in patients with H pylori infection, while CD8 cell infiltrations were similar in patients with or without H pylori infection. Logistic regression analysis showed that the symptoms including heavy feeling in head or body (t= 2.563), and thirst (t= 2.478) were significantly related with CD4 cell infiltration in gastric mucosa (P＜0.05), and cool limbs with aversion to cold were related with CD8cell infiltration (t = 2.872, P＜0.05). Further analysis showed that non-digestive related symptom assemblage could increase the predicted percentage of CD4 and CD8cell infiltration in gastric mucosa, including lower CD4infiltration by 12.5%, higher CD8 infiltration by 33.3%,and also non-H pylori infection by 23.6%.K-means cluster analysis of all symptoms and CD4 and CD8 cell infiltration in gastric mucosa showed a similar tendency to increase the predicted percentage of CD4, CD8 cell infiltration and H pylori infection.CONCLUSION: Based on correlation between the gastric mucosa lymphocyte infiltration, H pylori infection and clinical symptoms, symptoms or symptomatic assemblages play an important role in making further classification of chronic gastritis, which might help find a more specific therapy for chronic gastritis.

Extraction and Crystal Structure of Karounidiol

The title compound of karounidiol (C30H48O2), a main active triterpene component of snakegourd seed, was isolated from unsaponifiable matter of the seed oil of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim., and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis. It crystallizes in orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with C30H48O2CH3OHH2O (C31H54O4), a = 7.515(1), b = 14.407(1), c = 27.799(2) , V = 3009.8(5) 3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.087 g/cm3, Mr = 490.77, F(000) = 1088 and = 0.086 mm-1. The final R = 0.0840 and wR = 0.2289 for 2752 observed reflections (|F|2 ≥ 2|F|2). The molecular crystal structure of karounidiol shows relative stereochemistry of (3,13,14, 20)-3,29-dihydroxy-13-methyl-26-norolean-7,9(11)-diene. The molecule is composed of five six- membered rings with ring junctures of A/B trans, C/D trans and D/E cis.

Part Ⅱ Clinical Acupuncture Lecture Three Arthritis

Arthritis refers to the inflammation of thejoints caused by various kinds of etiologies. Clin-ically, there are rheumatic arthritis, rheumatoidarthritis, gouty arthritis and osteoarthritis. Arthritis is termed "Bi Syndrome" in tradi-tional Chinese medicine. "Bi", in Chinese,means "stagnation" or "obstruction". Tradition-al Chinese medicine holds that Bi syndrome re-sults from the invasion of pathogenic wind, coldand dampness, or wind, cold and heat. Uponthe invasion, these pathogens will cause obstruc-

LECTURES ON ACUPUNCTURE——Part Ⅰ Fundamentals of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Lecture Three The Three Yang Meridians of the Hand

The Large IntestineMeridian of Hand-Yangming1. The Meridian[Course] Starting from the radial side ofthe tip of the index finger, going upwardthrough the region between the 1st and 2ndmetacarpal bones to reach the radial side of thewrist; then passing along the radial side of thedorsal aspect of the arm to the shoulder wherethe meridian turns to the supraclavicular fossa;entering the chest to connect with the lung andjoin with its pertaining organ, the large intes-tine.

LECTURES ON ACUPUNCTURE Part Ⅰ Fundamentals of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Lecture One Introduction to Meridians and Points

The theory of meridians and points is thefoundation of acupuncture and moxibustion. Itdeals with the physiological functions and

Part Ⅱ Clinical Acupuncture Lecture Two Headache

Headache is an subjective symptom charac-terized by pain at the uppel half of the head.Itcan he caused by a large variety of acute andchronic diseases,such as hypertension,mi-graine,nervous headache.febrile diseases,anddiseases of the eye.nose and ear,etc..Headache which is an accompanying symptom inthe development of other disease will not be dis-cussed here,since it will disappear as soon as theprimary disease is cured.According to the theo-ry of traditional Chinese medicine,headache canbe divided into the following five

Lectures on Acupuncture Part Ⅰ Fundamentals of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Lecture Two The Three Yin Meridians of the Hand

The Lung Meridian of Hand─Taiyin 1.The Meridian [Course] Starting from the stomach（themiddle portion of the body）,going downward toconnect with the large intestine,then turninghack to the lung,its pertaining organ;risingfrom there along the,trachea to the laterosuperi-or part of the the anterior wall of the chest; thenpassing along the radial side of the palmar aspectof the arm to the tip of the thumb.

Part Ⅱ Clinical Acupuncture Lecture One Apoplectic Sequela

Apoplectic sequela refers to the problems offacial paralysis, slurred speech and hemiplegiawhich appear after the acute stage of apoplexy.The diseases involved are cerebral hemorrhage,cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, sub-arachnoid hemorrhage, and transient cerebral is-chemial attack, etc., This disease often occursin patients around 50 years of age.