The El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation cycle simulated by the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences

On the basis of more than 200-year control run, the performance of the climate system model of Chinese Academy of Sciences （CAS-ESM-C） in simulating the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation （ENSO） cycle is evalu- ated, including the onset, development and decay of the ENSO. It is shown that, the model can reasonably simulate the annual cycle and interannual variability of sea surface temperature （SST） in the tropical Pacif- ic, as well as the seasonal phase-locking of the ENSO. The model also captures two prerequisites for the E1 Nino onset, i.e., a westerly anomaly and a warm SST anomaly in the equatorial western Pacific. Owing to too strong forcing from an extratropical meridional wind, however, the westerly anomaly in this region is largely overestimated. Moreover, the simulated thermocline is much shallower with a weaker slope. As a result, the warm SST anomaly from the western Pacific propagates eastward more quickly, leading to a faster develop- ment of an E1 Nino. During the decay stage, owing to a stronger E1Nino in the model, the secondary Gill-type response of the tropical atmosphere to the eastern Pacific warming is much stronger, thereby resulting in a persistent easterly anomaly in the western Pacific. Meanwhile, a cold anomaly in the warm pool appears as a result of a lifted thermocline via Ekman pumping. Finally, an E1 Nino decays into a La Nina through their interactions. In addition, the shorter period and larger amplitude of the ENSO in the model can be attribut- ed to a shallower thermocline in the equatorial Pacific, which speeds up the zonal redistribution of a heat content in the upper ocean.

Developing institutional repositories network:Taking IR Grid at Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example

This paper introduces the current practice of building a network of institutional repositories(IRs) at Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS), which is named CAS IR Grid.National Science Library(NSL) of CAS plays a leading role in the construction, promotion and implementation of CAS IR Grid. It aims to promote each institute of CAS to build IR of its own, and finally form the IR network of CAS institutes. NSL's experience is introduced in coordinating and supporting institutes' building of their respective IRs and promoting IR services by adopting collaborative and progressive development strategies. Achievements made during the development of CAS IR Grid are described and challenges for its future development are discussed. The authors aim to provide best practices for developing a network of institutional repositories in research institute settings, which can serve as a practical reference to other institutions engaged in the similar task.

“Tasks”versus“Disciplines”:The Comprehensive Surveys of Natural Resources by the Chinese Academy of Sciences,and the Politics of Science Policy in the People’s Republic of China

As soon as the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)was founded by the new government of the People’s Republic of China in 1949,the principles of“linking theory with practice”and“conducting research to serve the people”set the framework for its scientific studies.How to balance their obligations to facilitate national economic construction with their desires to advance disciplinary scientific developments posed a knotty problem that frustrated those who organized and engaged in scientific research across the country,and in the CAS in particular.Against this background,the slogan“let tasks lead disciplines”was proposed as an effective solution.However,how exactly to put this into practice became a pressing issue,as CAS scientists and scholars debated the relationship between tasks and advances within scientific disciplines.This paper examines these debates as they were carried out in the case of the comprehensive surveys of natural resources organized by the CAS,focusing especially on different understandings of the relationship between“tasks”and“disciplines”within the CAS in the early 1960s,and examining the impact and legacy of“letting tasks lead disciplinary developments,”with possible lessons for the formulation of scientific plans today.

Paleoclimate Modelling at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Paleoclimate modelling is one of the core topics in the Past Global Changes project under the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme and has received much attention worldwide in recent decades. Here we summarize the research on the Paleoclimate modeling, including the Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum, and pre-Quaternary climate intervals or events performed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences （IAP/CAS） for over one decade. As an attempt to review these academic activities, we emphasize that vegetation and ocean feedbacks can amplify East Asian climate response to the Earth＇s orbital parameters and atmospheric CO2 concentration at the mid-Holocene. At the Last Glacial Maximum, additional cooling in interior China is caused by the feedback effects of East Asian vegetation and the ice sheet over the Tibetan Plateau, and the regional climate model RegCM2 generally reduces data-model discrepancies in East Asia. The simulated mid-Pliocene climate is characterized by warmer and drier conditions as well as significantly weakened summer and winter monsoon systems in interior China. On a tectonic timescale, both the Tibetan Plateau uplift and the Paratethys Sea retreat play important roles in the formation of East Asian monsoon-dominant environmental pattern during the Cenozoic.

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: I. Rhacophoridae(Anura, Amphibia)

In order to facilitate herpetological research for all the herpetologists both in and outside of China, we will report all the type specimens of amphibia and reptilia deposited in the Herpetological Museum of Chengdu Institute of Biology(CIB), Chinese Academy of Sciences in series. This report focuses on the family Rhacophoridae of Anura in Amphibia, including 13 species. The contents of the report include synonym lists and generic transfer of type species, measurements of type specimens, particularly for those with no previously published measurement data, and chromosomal data for each species.

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences:Ⅱ.Hynobiidae (Amphibia,Urodela)

In order to facilitate herpetological research for herpetologists in and outside of China,we will report all the type specimens of Amphibia and Reptilia deposited in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology(CIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) in series. This report focuses on the type specimens of the family Hynobiidae of Urodela in Amphibia,which comprises seven species. Each entry provides the genus name,species name,information of the original description,the catalog number of holotype,sex,type locality,information of allotype(if any) and paratype,number and distribution of deposited specimens,and comments where they are appropriate.

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences:Ⅲ.Snakes Excluding Viperids (Reptilia,Serpentes)

In China,there are over 180 species of snakes in 57 genera and eight families(excluding the family Viperidae). In the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology(CIB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,the snake type specimens represent 11 species in 10 genera and three families(Xenopeltidae,Xenodermatidae and Colubridae). As a series of reports on the type specimens of Amphibia and Reptilia deposited in the Herpetological Museum of CIB,this paper focuses on the serpent families excluding Viperidae in the collections at this Museum.

Preface to Special Issue on Celebrating the 70th Anniversary of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The 70th anniversary of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has been celebrating in various ways through the year of 2019. DICP was established with the name of Scientific Research Institute of Dalian University on March 19, 1949, which is even a little earlier than the foundation of the People's Republic of China (October 1, 1949). Since then, the name of the institute has changed several times in order to fulfill the assigned regional and national research mission. In 1970, the institute was named as the “Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences”.

Special Issue: In celebration of the 70th anniversary of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP) is a comprehensive chemical engineering research institute with strong international reputation, which has made significant contributions to national economic construction, national security and the progress of science and technology(S&T).

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences:V.Viperidae(Reptilia,Serpentes)

In China, there are about 37 species of vipers belonging to 12 genera in the family Viperidae. In the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology（CIB）, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the type specimens of snakes represent seven species in four genera. As a series of reports on the type specimens of Amphibians and Reptilies deposited in the Herpetological Museum of CIB, this paper focuses on the venomous snake family Viperidae in the collections at this Museum.

Catalogue of the Type Specimens of Amphibians and Reptiles in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences: Ⅳ. Lizards(Reptilia, Sauria)

In the present study, we report the six type specimens and two paratypes of eight lizard species in the Herpetological Museum of the Chengdu Institute of Biology（CIB）, Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）. Each entry provides the information of the original description, the catalog number of the holotype, sex, type locality, and information of allotype and paratype（if any）, number and distribution of deposited specimens, and comments. Additionally, two invalid species and one invalid subspecies are discussed.

Faculty positions： Center for Agricultural Resource Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Center for Agricultural Resource Research (CARR), the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology (IGDB), Chi- nese Academy of Sciences, invites applicants for several research group leader positions. CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology, agro-hydrology, agro-biology, crop genetics and breeding, and agro-informatics. The successful candidates for the research group leader posi- tions will be expected particularly to farmland water transfer and development of water saving technologies, farmland

Preface to Special Column for the Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences

The Youth Innovation Promotion Association(abbreviated as YIPA)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(abbreviated as CAS)was established in 2011.It is an innovative measure for the comprehensive training of young science and technology talents under the age of 35 by the CAS.The YIPA aims to organize and support the academic exchange and cooperation of young researchers of the CAS and to train a new generation of academic and technical leaders.By the end of 2018,the number of members of the YIPA had reached 3640,which is the core backbone of the young researchers of the CAS.The YIPA has a total of six discipline branches:mathematics science,chemistry and materials,life sciences,earth sciences,information and management,engineering and equipment.

Chinese Academy of Sciences’ recent activities in boosting Chinese planetary science research

The Chinese Academy of Sciences and its affiliated institutes and universities,responding to ever-increasing needs of China’s space explorations and exploitations in recent years,have taken a series of initiatives and conducted related activities to support Chinese planetary science research.

Preface to the Special Issue on the Program of “Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues”-A Strategic Scientific Pioneering Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Global warming has been one of the biggest issues faced by the world in recent decades.It is closely related to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases（GHGs）—mainly CO_2,CH_4 and N_2O—and the effects of reducing emissions and increasing the carbon fixation capability.

A discussion of the emotive element of knowledge service practice:An empirical study at the Chinese Academy of Sciences

With the arrival of the information age, research activities focused on the practice and approaches of knowledge services are on a marked increase as evidenced in the publications of social sciences. According to a social network analysis on knowledge service related literature, it reveals that information and knowledge workers often fail to take such an important element as the functional role of an emotive engagement into consideration in their study of knowledge services. It has increasingly become an issue of high profile with the rapid development of digital libraries and their web-based knowledge services in China and anywhere else in the world. In order to have a clearer understanding about issues involved in knowledge servicing so as to maximize the effectiveness and efficiency of digital libraries in their knowledge service performance, the author has conducted surveys for seven times on the online information seeking behavior of graduate students at the Chinese Academy of Sciences with such research methods as questionnaires, interviews and natural observations during September 2006-June 2009. The research result has showed the emotive element has an important role in the user's information seeking behavior and in knowledge services practice. Therefore, knowledge services rendered may be more effective by adding the emotiveness-oriented communication element into such practice. This paper recommends that such an emotiveness-oriented communication approach should be carefully studied and factored into libraries' knowledge services practice.

Innovations of subject service in National Science Library,Chinese Academy of Sciences and the implications

Looking at the development of subject librarians and subject services in Chinese libraries during the past decade,this paper highlights the innovative concepts and practices of subject librarians in National Science Library(NSL),Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).After a two-year trial period,NSL,CAS,with 39 full-time subject librarians,has begun to provide personalized,subject-specific,and knowledge-based services to the end-users since 2006.Such a practice manifests that subject librarians and subject services should be embedded into the research process and working environment.And,the subject service should be made available to the users beyond the space restriction and time limit,and finally create a congenial environment for users.Librarians should develop new expertise to offer the user-oriented service,changing the role from book keepers to research instructors,advisors,even chief information officer(CIO)or chief knowledge officer(CKO).

Traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of Helicobacter pylorirelated gastritis:The mechanisms of signalling pathway regulations

Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis(HPAG)is a common condition of the gastrointestinal tract.However,extensive and long-term antibiotic use has resulted in numerous adverse effects,including increased resistance,gastrointestinal dysfunction,and increased recurrence rates.When these concerns develop,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)may have advantages.TCM is based on the concept of completeness and aims to eliminate pathogens and strengthen the body.It has the potential to prevent this condition while also boosting the rate of Helicobacter pylori eradication.This review elaborates on the mechanism of TCM treatment for HPAG based on cellular signalling pathways,which reflects the flexibility of TCM in treating diseases and the advantages of multi-level,multipathway,and multi-target treatments for HPAG.

A special column highlighting young scientists at Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICCAS)

Just seeing off the BOth anniversary of the Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences （ICCAS）, we are here with pleasure to conduct A Special Column for Young Scientists at ICCAS published in Chinese Chemistry Letters （CCL） endeavoring to disseminate positive energy of several enthusiastic chemists and spread their recent research to the global scientific community.

Celebrating the 60th Anniversary of Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences

Institute of Chemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences(ICCAS)was established in 1956.ICCAS is a multidisciplinary research institute dedicated to the basic research in broad fields of chemical sciences,and to the key development of the innovative high-technology aiming at the imperative national needs and important strategic targets,as well as to the collaborative high-technology applications and transfers.With the development of 60 years,ICCAS has become one of the leading chemistry institutions in China with high international visibility.