International collaboration to promote global health:The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive Medicine Association--Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting

With the rapid development of new technologies and global trade and increasing collaboration am ong countries worldwide,public health has become a global issue.Global health,as a new discipline,has been drawing more attention from both academ ia and governments.The Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),proposed by China in 2013,aimed to prom ote trade and resource exchange,including education,research,and health issues,with over 60 countries in Asia,Africa,and Europe.The BRI provides good opportunities for involved countries to address health problems jointly as well.In response to the BRI and to promote international collaboration on global health issues,"The 2017 Belt and Road Initiative Global Health International Congress&2017 Chinese Preventive M edicine Association-Chinese Society on Global Health Annual Meeting"was held on Septem ber 24-27,2017 in Xi’an,China.Thus far,this is the largest high-quality international conference held in China that focused on the BRI global health issues.This article summarized the background,key sessions and topics covered during the congress,and important events,and highlights different perspectives of the BRI and global health by invited experts from China and abroad.The conference included 14 sessions(three keynote speech forums and ten scientific sessions and a research poster session)and about 100 speakers,around 40 of which were leading experts outside of China.All the major sessions were held in English.More than 40 leaders and experts of health sectors from 13 countries presented their work in the congress.Approximately 400 delegates from 29 countries attended the congress.Delegates had extensive discussions about global health related issues,future cooperation and development in global health.The congress fostered international exchange and collaboration.

Prevalence and Related Factors of Falls among the Elderly in an Urban Community of Beijing

Objective To understand the prevalence, consequences and risk factors of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Longtan Community, Beijing. A total of 1512 individuals aged 60 years or over were selected by stratified cluster sampling. Data regarding the frequency of falls in the previous year, as well as circumstances, consequence and related factors of falls were collected from the elderly through face-to-face interviews with questionnaires in their home. Results The prevalence of falls was 18.0% on the average among 1512 participants, higher in women （20.1%） than in men （14.9%） （P=0.006）, and increased with age （Х^2 for trend=10.37, P=0.001）. The total rate of falls-induced injuries among the fallers was 37.7%. Falls usually resulted in soft-tissues bruises （58.7%）, fear of repeated episodes of falls （58.8%）, loss of independence and confidence in movement （35.7%） and even in hip fracture. In addition to the burden of medical care, falls also generated a big economic burden. Occurrence of falls was significantly associated with both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The related factors of falls in the elderly included age≥60-70 years, femininity, less physical activities, fear of future falls, living alone, severely impaired vision, health problem-impacted activities of daily living, chronic diseases （diabetes, hypertension, postural hypotension, stroke sequela, cataract, arthritis, dementia and depression）, medications （psychoactive, anti-diabetic）, gait imbalance, high bed and faintly-lighted stairway. Conclusion The prevalence of falls among urban community-dwelling elderly in Beijing is closely associated with significant associated with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Efforts to prevent falls in the elderly should be made at community level.

Incidence,prevalence,and causes of spinal injuries in China,1990-2019:Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background:Spinal injuries are an urgent public health priority;nevertheless,no China-wide studies of these injuries exist.This study measured the incidence,prevalence,causes,regional distribution,and annual trends of spinal injuries in China from 1990 to 2019.Methods:We used data from the Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study 2019 to estimate the incidence and prevalence of spinal injuries in China.The data of 33 provincial-level administrative regions(excluding Taiwan,China)provided by the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention,Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)were use to systematically analyze the provincial etiology,geographical distribution,and annual trends of spinal injuries.The Bayesian meta-regression tool DisMod-MR 2.1 was used to ensure the consistency among incidence,prevalence,and mortality rates in each case.Results:From 1990 to 2019,the number of living patients with spinal injuries in China increased by 138.32%,from 2.14 million to 5.10 million,while the corresponding age-standardized prevalence increased from 0.20%(95%uncertainty interval[UI]:0.18-0.21%)to 0.27%(95%UI:0.26-0.29%).The incidence of spinal injuries in China increased by 89.91%(95%UI:72.39-107.66%),and the prevalence increased by 98.20%(95%UI:89.56-106.82%),both the most significant increases among the G20 countries;71.00%of the increase could be explained by age-specific prevalence.In 2019,the incidence was 16.47(95%UI:12.08-22.00,per 100,000 population),and the prevalence was 358.30(95%UI:333.96-386.62,per 100,000 population).Based on the data of 33 provincial-level administrative regions provided by CDC,age-standardized incidence and prevalence were both highest in developed provinces in Eastern China.The primary causes were falls and road injuries;however,the prevalence and specific causes differed across provinces.Conclusions:In China,the overall disease burden of spinal injuries increased significantly during the past three decades but varied considerably according to geographical location.The primary causes were falls and road injuries;however,the prevalence and specific causes differed across provinces.

Protection of Omicron Sub-Lineage Infection Against Reinfection with Another Omicron Sub-Lineage:Systematic Review,Meta-Analysis,and Meta-Regression-Worldwide,2022-2023

Summary What is already known about this topic?Both the decline in immunity over time and the evolution of the virus play a role in the level of protection offered by a prior infection.What is added by this report?Point estimates indicated variations in protection levels based on the initial infecting variant and the reinfecting variant.There was a consistent correlation between real-world protection,antigenic distance,and humoral immunity levels.Specifically,shorter antigenic distances and higher humoral immunity levels corresponded to enhanced real-world protection.What are the implications for public health practice?Our findings suggest that virological and immunological studies could help identify and assess the epidemic risk posed by new variants before they become dominant.Prompt incorporation of the latest variants into the antigen components of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines can significantly contribute to effective epidemic prevention and control measures.

Using Healthcare Big Data Analytics to Improve Women’s Health:Benefits,Challenges,and Perspectives

Women’s health is of paramount importance for the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and Healthy China 2030,encompassing reproductive health and physical and mental well-being.This multifaceted concept of health is integral to the health of maternal,newborn,child,adolescent,and adult populations(1-3).

The COVID-19 Vaccines Evaluation Program:Implementation,Management,and Experiences,2021-2023

In 2021,China’s domestically produced coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)vaccines received approval from regulatory bodies and were administered worldwide.Due to a low number of infections within China during that period,it became imperative to evaluate the vaccines’real-world effectiveness through international studies.To facilitate this,China CDC launched the COVID-19 Vaccines Evaluation Program(COVEP).This program formed research collaboration agreements with health institutes across five World Health Organization regions,addressing key questions about vaccine performance through ten cooperative agreements.The findings from COVEP projects reinforced confidence,both domestically and globally,in the effectiveness of the vaccines produced in China.Moreover,the outcomes observed internationally were frequently mirrored by later studies conducted within China.COVEP thus pioneered a novel approach for fostering cross-national research collaborations,addressing significant public health issues and exemplifying a framework for international cooperation.This approach is in line with the strategic objectives and other development efforts of China CDC’s national disease control and prevention initiatives.

Attitudes Regarding Influenza Vaccination Among Public Health Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic — China, September 2022

Summary What is already known about this topic?Public health workers(PHWs)were listed as a priority group recommended for influenza vaccination during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic.Understanding the drivers of influenza vaccine hesitancy among PHWs can promote influenza vaccination in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Accelerating Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control in China to Achieve Cervical Cancer Elimination Strategy Objectives

Cervical cancer is one of many types of cancers that severely threaten women’s health.Each year,604,000 new cases of cervical cancer appear with 342,000 related deaths globally.China represents about 18%of global incidences and 17%of global deaths(1).The China Cancer Registry’s annual report determined that,in 2020,world-standardized incidence rate of cervical cancer was 11.35 per 100,000 women—accompanied by a mortality rate of 3.42 per 100,000 women in China;further,both have demonstrated upward trends(2).Thus,China faces serious challenges with cervical cancer prevention and control:creating a major public health problem that severely threatens women’s health.

Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)has caused more than 80813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China,and 21110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019.Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus,named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern,it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally.To date,we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history,because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility,and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful.In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19,we,as a community of shared future for mankind,recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially,take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools,mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population,and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development.We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination,cooperation,and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts,against violating the International Health Regulation(WHO,2005),and against stigmatization,in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy—COVID-19.

Vaccinate with Confidence and Finish Strong

China’s sustained containment of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic has spared over 99%of the mainland of China’s 1.4 billion people from exposure to and infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and its variants for an astonishing two and a half years.Although the whole-of-government,whole-of-society containment effort has its own socioeconomic costs,the now-called dynamic COVID-zero strategy purchased a rare commodity—tranquil time with relatively little suffering and death from COVID-19 to develop and deploy tools for escaping the pandemic:diagnostics,vaccines,antivirals,and knowledge(1).

Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese people.The Infectious Disease Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized national multidisciplinary experts,based on domestic and international research results combined with experts’practical experiences,to reach this consensus after thorough discussion.This consensus contains 17 recommendations aimed at prevention and identification of important clinical issues to further standardize the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of HFRS.

Recommendations and Future Direction for Population-Based Prevention and Control of Behavioral Risk Factors for NCDs

Based on the major findings of our studies,we found that in the past two or three decades,China’s noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)prevention and control policies experienced rapid development.The service mode of NCDs management was transformed,the service capabilities at primary medical facilities were comprehensively improved,and the health literacy and action capability of residents were improved.Remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of NCDs,and a lot of experience has been accumulated.However,unhealthy lifestyles among Chinese residents are still common,and the control of NCDs and related behavioral risk factors faces great challenges.Therefore,in order to implement the Healthy China strategy,early prevention and strengthening of the health management of NCDs in high-risk groups are essential.

COSMOGENIC RADIONUCLIDES OF NINGQIANG CHONDRITE FROM NONDESTRUCTIVE GAMMA-RAY SPECTROMETRY

As the first Chinese carbonaceous chondrite ever recorded in Chinese meteorite annals, the Ningqiang meteorite has brought the scientific community widespread interest and concern. The preliminary research into its mineralogy and chemical composition reveals that the Ningqiang meteorite resembles the famous Allende chondrite and also belongs to the CV group.

Role of social organization engagement in high-risk groups intervention against HIV/AIDS:a case study from 176 cities of China

Background: A high-risk prevention strategy is an effective way to fight against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The China AIDS Fund for Non-Governmental Organizations (CAFNGO) was established in 2015 to help social organizations intervene to protect high-risk populations in 176 cities. This study aimed to evaluate the role of social organizations in high-risk population interventions against HIV/AIDS.Methods: This study was based on the CAFNGO program from 2016 to 2020. The collected data included the number and types of social organizations participating in high-risk group interventions and the amount of funds obtained by these organizations each year. We explored the factors influencing the number of newly diagnosed AIDS cases using a spatial econometric model. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of intervention activities by comparing the percentages of the individuals who initially tested positive, and the individuals who took the confirmatory test, as well as those who retested positive and underwent the treatment.Results: Overall, from 2016 to 2020, the number of social organizations involved in interventions to protect HIV/AIDS high-risk populations increased from 441 to 532, and the invested fund increased from $3.98 to $10.58 million. The number of newly diagnosed cases decreased from 9128 to 8546 during the same period. Although the number of cities with overall spatial correlations decreased, the spatial agglomeration effect persisted in the large cities. Citywise, the number of social organizations (direct effect 19.13), the permanent resident population (direct effect 0.12), GDP per capita (direct effect 17.58;indirect effect -15.38), and passenger turnover volume (direct effect 5.50;indirect effect -8.64) were the major factors influencing new positive cases confirmed through the testing interventions performed by the social organizations. The initial positive test rates among high-risk populations were below 5.5%, the retesting rates among those who initially tested positive were above 60%, and the treatment rates among diagnosed cases were above 70%.Conclusions: The spatial effect of social organizations participating in interventions targeting high-risk populations funded by CAFNGO is statistically significant. Nevertheless, despite the achievements of these social organizations in tracking new cases and encouraging treatment, a series of measures should be taken to further optimize the use of CAFNGO. Working data should be updated from social organizations to CAFNGO more frequently by establishing a data monitoring system to help better track newly diagnosed AIDS cases. Multichannel financing should be expanded as well.

Population-Based Behavioral Risk Factors Prevention and Control:the Fundamental Strategy for Fighting NCDs

Noncommunicable diseases(NCDs)and related risk factors are one of the major global challenges of the 21st century and are responsible for 71%of all deaths worldwide(1).More than 36 million people die annually as a result of NCDs,including 15 million people who die at a young age,between 30 and 70 years old(2).The burden continues to rise and has been one of the major public health challenges for all countries,including China.Behavioral risk factors interventions are considered the cornerstone of the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Substantial reduction of NCD mortality requires policies that considerably reduce tobacco and alcohol use and blood pressure,and provide equitable access to efficacious and high-quality preventive and curative care for acute and chronic NCDs(3).

Post-marketing safety surveillance and reevaluation of Motherwort injection：A clinical study of 10094 cases

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the safety profiles of Motherwort injection(MI).METHODS:A multi-center,prospective and drugderived hospital intensive monitoring method was conducted to assess the safety of MI in real world applications.This study was based on a very large population after the injection was approved and marketed in China.All patients using the injection in participating hospitals were monitored to determine the incidence,pattern,severity and outcome of associated adverse events.RESULTS:The post-marketing surveillance was performed in 10 094 female patients from April to December,2015.The incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) was 0.79‰(8/10 094).Among the 8 patients,the reported adverse events mainly included systemic abnormalities,such as fever,chills and eyelid edema;skin and appendages disorders,such as pruritus and rash;gastrointestinal disorders,such as nausea,abdominal distension and pain;heart rate and rhythm disorders,such as palpitation and increased heart rate.All of these ADRs were mild in severity.CONCLUSION:In this study the ADRs incidence rate of MI is very low,which supports that it is generally safe for use in obstetric and gynecological diseases.However,the total number of 8 ADRs recorded over a relatively short time span seems limited,and the low number of reports could not represent an absolute guarantee of safety.