Bio-soft matter derived from traditional Chinese medicine:Characterizations of hierarchical structure,assembly mechanism,and beyond

Structural and functional explorations on bio-soft matter such as micelles,vesicles,nanoparticles,aggregates or polymers derived from traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has emerged as a new topic in the field of TCM.The discovery of such cross-scaled bio-soft matter may provide a unique perspective for unraveling the new effective material basis of TCM as well as developing innovative medicine and biomaterials.Despite the rapid rise of TCM-derived bio-soft matter,their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism must be unambiguously probed for a further in-depth understanding of their pharmacological activity.In this review,the current emerged TCM-derived bio-soft matter assembled from either small molecules or macromolecules is introduced,and particularly the unambiguous elucidation of their hierarchical structure and assembly mechanism with combined electron microscopic and spectroscopic techniques is depicted.The pros and cons of each technique are also discussed.The future challenges and perspective of TCM-derived bio-soft matter are outlined,particularly the requirement for their precise in situ structural determination is highlighted.

Metabonomics/metabolomics analysis technology and its application in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines

Chinese medicines are an important part of traditional Chinese medicines,but their'safe,effective,stable and controllable'issue still remains to be solved.The rise of metabonomics in 20th century,consistent with the overall adjustment concept of multi-component,multi-level,multi-target,multi-metabolic pathways of traditional Chinese medicines,is conducive to solve basic problems in their quality control.This paper systematically describes recent application and development of 1H-NMR metabonomics techniques,LC-MS metabonomics techniques and GC-MS metabonomics techniques in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.It provides a new reference for Chinese medicines and the identification and quality assessment of their products.

Quality Control for Traditional Medicines–Chinese Patent Medicines

Ji Shen: Dr.Ma Shuangcheng,Director of Institutes for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicines and Ethnic Medicine,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control,is a long-term researcher on the quality standards of Chinese materia medica,Chairman Member of the Risk Assessment of the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China ,and is also the Director Member of the Professional Committee of Drug Risk,China Pharmaceutical Association,and the Director Member of the Directors Committee of Chinese Materia Medica Quality and Safety.He has long been engaged in the control of the quality and safety of Chinese materia medica,and has also been included in the National 10000 Talent Plan.Let's invite Dr.Ma to give a report.Thank you.

Protection and Quality Control of Wild Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources in Nature Reserves by Taking Longyuwan Scenic Spot Within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an Example

This paper discussed how to protect and control the quality of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in nature reserves by taking Longyuwan National Forest Park within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve as an example. Through the combination of three methods including literature review, visiting and investigational studies, and field surveys, the data of investigation, collection and collation were analyzed. According to data of surveys, collection and collation, problems related to the protection of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources faced by Longyuwan Scenic Spot within Funiu Mountain Nature Reserve were also analyzed and protection strategies and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources in this nature reserve were discussed. It was expected that the results would provide important scientific references for the sustainable development, protection and quality control of wild Chinese herbal medicine resources within nature reserves.

A prognosis model for predicting immunotherapy response of esophageal cancer based on oxidative stress-related signatures

Oxidative stress(OS)is intimately associated with tumorigenesis and has been considered a potential therapeutic strategy.However,the OS-associated therapeutic target for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)remains unconfirmed.In our study,gene expression data of ESCC and clinical information from public databases were downloaded.Through LASSO-Cox regression analysis,a risk score(RS)signature map of prognosis was constructed and performed external verification with the GSE53625 cohort.The ESTIMATE,xCell,CIBERSORT,TIMER,and ImmuCellAI algorithms were employed to analyze infiltrating immune cells and generate an immune microenvironment(IM).Afterward,functional enrichment analysis clarified the underlying mechanism of the model.Nomogram was utilized for forecasting the survival rate of individual ESCC cases.As a result,we successfully constructed an OS-related genes(OSRGs)model and found that the survival rate of high-risk groups was lower than that of low-risk groups.The AUC of the ROC verified the strong prediction performance of the signal in these two cohorts further.According to independent prognostic analysis,the RS was identified as an independent risk factor for ESCC.The nomogram and follow-up data revealed that the RS possesses favorable predictive value for the prognosis of ESCC patients.qRT-PCR detection demonstrated increased expression of MPC1,COX6C,CYB5R3,CASP7,and CYCS in esophageal cancer patients.In conclusion,we have constructed an OSRGs model for ESCC to predict patients’prognosis,offering a novel insight into the potential application of the OSRGs model in ESCC.

Mechanism of Guangdong Shenqu in regulating intestinal flora in mice with food stagnation and internal heat based on 16S rDNA sequencing Author links open overlay panel

Objective To investigate the effect of Guangdong Shenqu(GSQ)on intestinal flora structure in mice with food stagnation through 16S rDNA sequencing.Methods Mice were randomly assigned to control,model,GSQ low-dose(GSQL),GSQ medium-dose(GSQM),GSQ high-dose(GSQH),and lacidophilin tablets(LAB)groups,with each group containing 10 mice.A food stagnation and internal heat mouse model was established through intragastric administration of a mixture of beeswax and olive oil(1:15).The control group was administered normal saline,and the model group was administered beeswax and olive oil to maintain a state.The GSQL(2 g/kg),GSQM(4 g/kg),GSQH(8 g/kg),and LAB groups(0.625 g/kg)were administered corresponding drugs for 5 d.After administration,16S rDNA sequencing was performed to assess gut microbiota in mouse fecal samples.Results The model group exhibited significant intestinal flora changes.Following GSQ administration,the abundance and diversity index of the intestinal flora increased significantly,the number of bacterial species was regulated,andαandβdiversity were improved.GSQ administration increased the abundance of probiotics,including Clostridia,Lachnospirales,and Lactobacillus,whereas the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria,such as Allobaculum,Erysipelotrichaceae,and Bacteroides decreased.Functional prediction analysis indicated that the pathogenesis of food stagnation and GSQ intervention were primarily associated with carbohydrate,lipid,and amino acid metabolism,among other metabolic pathways.Conclusion The digestive mechanism of GSQ may be attributed to its role in restoring diversity and abundance within the intestinal flora,thereby improving the composition and structure of the intestinal flora in mice and subsequently influencing the regulation of metabolic pathways.

Multiorgan dysfunction syndrome due to high-dose cantharidin poisoning:A case report

BACKGROUND This report delves into the diagnostic and therapeutic journey undertaken by a patient with high-dose cantharidin poisoning and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome(MODS).Particular emphasis is placed on the comprehensive elucidation of the clinical manifestations of high-dose cantharidin poisoning,the intricate path to diagnosis,and the exploration of potential underlying mechanisms.CASE SUMMARY A patient taking 10 g of cantharidin powder orally subsequently developed MODS.The patient was treated with supportive care,fluid hydration and antibiotics,and hemoperfusion and hemofiltration therapy for 24 h and successfully recovered 8 d after hospital admission.Cantharidin poisoning can cause lifethreatening MODS and is rare clinically.This case underscores the challenge in diagnosis and highlights the need for early clinical differentiation to facilitate accurate assessment and prompt intervention.CONCLUSION This article has reported and analyzed the clinical data,diagnosis,treatment,and prognosis of a case of high-dose cantharidin poisoning resulting in MODS and reviewed the relevant literature to improve the clinical understanding of this rare condition.

Ion-introduction of Chinese herbs com-bined with Gucitie on 100 cases of hy-perosteogeny

BACKGROUND: Hyperosteogeny is often caused when walking or standing for a long period of time and certain postures must be kept. Traction or avulsion of muscles, hemorrhage and granulation of hematoraa led to formation of spurs or lip-liked hyperosteogeny.OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effects of ion-introduction combined with Gucitie on 100 cases of hyperosteogeny.

Clinical efficacy of combined skin acupuncture and external washing therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine in the treatment of chronic eczema

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of combined skin acupuncture and external washing therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine in the treatment of chronic eczema.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with chronic eczema were randomly divided into an experimental group(60 cases)and a control group(60 cases).The experimental group was treated with skin acupuncture combined with external washing therapy,and the control group was treated with externally applied mometasone furoate cream.The patients’symptoms and total severity were scored and analyzed before and after the 4-week treatment.The symptoms scored included:erythema,papule/hard swelling,epidermal exfoliation,mossy lesion,exudation/scab,and pruritus.Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were compared before and after the 4-week treatment.Results:Scores for the different kinds of skin derogation,pruritus symptoms,the eczema area,and severity index(EASI)were all reduced after the treatments.Pruritus symptoms and EASI scores in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the experimental group was 81.03%,which was much higher than the 61.11%in the control group(Z=-2.391,P=0.017).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of combined skin acupuncture and external washing therapy of Zhuang nationality medicine in the treatment of chronic eczema was better than that of mometasone furoate cream.

The prevalence of health literacy of Chinese residents for infectious disease between 2011 and 2015： findings from a meta-analysis

Objective： To systematically investigate the prevalence of health literacy of Chinese residents for infectious disease between 2011 and 2015. Methods： The eligible studies were identified by searching China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）, Wanfang database and Chinese Scientific and Technical Periodicals Database. After abstracted in- formation and appraised the risk of bias of all eligible studies, Stata software versionl2.0 was used to perform statistical analysis. Results： A total of 35 cross-sectional studies, including 94631 residents, were finally included in the present study. All eligible studies were appraised as to have the quality of more than 14 grades. Meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of health literacy of Chinese residents for infectious disease between 2011 and 2015 was 20.00% （95% CI, 18% to 23%）. Conclusion： The prevalence of health literacy of Chinese resident for infectious disease be- tween 2011 and 2015 are extremely low. And thus, it is essential to take targeted health education program depending on the characteristics of diverse group of people in order to improve the overall health of Chinese resident.

The Application and Impact of Flipped Classroom Model in Intercultural Communication Teaching

Flipped classroom, as a new teaching method, brings new perspectives and practices to intercultural communication teaching. This paper discusses the application of flipped classroom in intercultural communication classrooms to enhance students’ language proficiency, communication skills, and intercultural awareness. Firstly, the definitions and importance of flipped classroom and cultural communication are introduced. Then, the paper explores how to integrate the principles and methods of flipped classroom into the practice of intercultural communication teaching, including pre-class activities, in-class interactions, and reflection. Finally, the advantages and challenges of implementing flipped classroom in intercultural communication classrooms are summarized, along with practical recommendations.

双氢杨梅树皮素对链脲霉素所致糖尿病大鼠的降糖作用(英文)

用链脲霉素 (STZ)所致的大鼠糖尿病作模型 ,给予双氢杨梅树皮素 (AP)连续治疗 30 d,探讨 AP的降糖作用机理。结果表明 :AP能使 STZ糖尿病大鼠的高血糖反应减轻 ,增加血清中 SOD- cu.zn活性 ,降低 MDA含量 ,对血脂中的甘油三酯 (TG)水平有降低趋势 ;可提高血清中胰岛素水平。组织学研究可见 AP组大鼠胰腺组织中的胰岛数目较模型组增多 ,淋巴细胞浸润减少 ,炎症反应减轻。其作用机理可能是通过 AP的抗氧化作用 ,减轻 STZ对胰岛 β细胞损伤 ,或促进已损伤的 β细胞的修复 ,增强胰岛细胞的分泌功能 ,起到降低血糖的作用。

社区综合干预对北京市郊区吸烟、慢性支气管炎和哮喘流行的影响

目的研究社区综合干预对北京市郊区人群吸烟、慢性支气管炎和哮喘流行情况的影响。方法1992年,将北京市房山区23个自然村整群随机分为13个干预村和10个对照村,对干预村进行以戒烟、改善居住环境为主的社区人群综合干预,对照村未施加干预。2000年4月,对干预区和对照区34436名15岁以上人群进行吸烟、慢性支气管炎和哮喘流行情况普查。同期,对1658名慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)高危人群进行卫生知识水平、居住环境和吸烟状况的基线调查和复查。结果干预区男女高危人群卫生知识水平得分改善幅度和居住环境好转率显著大于对照区(P<0.001)。干预区全人群中男性吸烟率、现吸烟率下降幅度显著大于对照区(0.4%vs-0.8%,P<0.001;2.4%vs1.3%,P<0.001),女性差异无显著性(P>0.05)。无论男女,干预区15～24岁人群1993～2000年累积新吸烟率显著低于对照区(男:18.9%vs23.7%,P=0.005;女:0%vs0.7%,P=0.005)。干预区吸烟者日吸烟支数低于对照区男:(14.8±7.0)支/dvs(17.2±8.2)支/d,P<0.001;女:(12.8±6.9)支/dvs(13.4±7.2)支/d,P=0.088。由于人群老龄化,慢性支气管炎患病率呈上升趋势,干预村上升幅度低于对照村(男:0.9%vs1.3%,P=0.012;女:0.1%vs0.3%,P=0.003)。控制年龄因素后,干预村慢性支气管炎1993～2000年累积发病率低于对?

Inhibition of long non-coding RNA TUG1 on gastric cancer cell transference and invasion through regulating and controlling the expression of miR-144/c-Met axis

Objective: To discuss the expression of long noncoding RNA TUG1 (IneRNA-TUG1) in gastric carcinoma (GC) and its effects on the transferring and invading capacity of gastric carcinoma cells. Methods: Forty cases of carcinoma tissue and para-carcinoma tissue were selected from GC patients who underwent surgical removal in Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Wenzhou Central Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2014; the expressing level of IncRNA-TUG I in GC and para-C tissues was detected by applying the qRT-PCR technique. The correlation between IncRNA-TUG1 expression and patients' clinical data was classified and analyzed. SGC-7901 cells were transfected using IncRNA-TUG1 specific siRNA. Changes of the transferring and invading capacity of siRNA-transfected SGC-7901 cells were scratch-tested and transwell-detected. qRT-PCR was applied to detect the expression level of microRNA-144 after IncRNA-TUG1 was silenced. Changes of c-Met mRNA and protein expressions was detected by qRT-PCR and western -blot test. Results: The expression level of lneRNA-TUG1 in GC tissue was significant higher than that in para-C tissue (P<0.05) and the high expression level of IncRNA-TUG1 in GC tissue was significantly correlated with tumor lymph nodes metastasis and advance TNM phasing (/'<0.05). The transferring and invading capacity of SGC-7901 cells was highly inhibited after being transfected by IncRNA-TUG1 specific siRNA (P<0.05). The results of qRT-PCR and western -blot proved that the expression of microRNA-144 was significantly boosted and the expression level of c-Met mRNA and protein was inhibited after IncRNA-TUG1 was silenced (P<0.05). Conclusions: IncRNA-TUG1 shows an up -regulated expression in GC tissue and that bears a correlation with clinicopathological features of malignant tumor. IncRNATUGI can promote the transferring and invading capacity of GC by inhibiting the pathway of microRNA-144/c-Met.

Treatment of Thoracolumbar Vertebrate Fracture by Transpedicular Morselized Bone Grafting in Vertebrae for Spinal Fusion and Pedicle Screw Fixation

To enhance the fusion of graft bone in thoracolumbar vertebrae and minimize the postoperative loss of correction, short-segment pedicle screw fixation was reinforced with posterior moselizee bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion in patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures. Seventy patients with thoracrolumbar vertebrate fractures were treated by short-segment pedicle screw fixation and were randomly divided into two groups. Fractures in group A （n=20） were rein-forced with posterior morselized bone grafting in vertebrae for spinal fusion, while patients group B （n=50） did not receive the morselized bone grafting for bone fusion. The two groups were compared in terms of kyphotic deformity, anterior vertebral height, instrument failure and neurological functions after the treatment. Frankel grading system was used for the evaluation of neurological evaluation and Denis scoring scale was employed for pain assessment. The results showed that the kyphosis correction was achieved in both group A and group B （group A： 6.4 degree; group B： 5.4 degree）/At the end of follow-up, kyphosis correction was maintained in group A but lost in group B （P=0.0001）. Postoperatively, greater anterior height was achieved in group A than in group B （P〈0.01）. During follow-up study, anterior vertebral height was maintained only in Group A （P〈0.001）. Both group A and group B showed good Denis pain scores （P1 and P2） but group A outdid group B in terms of control of severe and constant pain （P4 and P5）. By Frankel criteria, the changes in neurological functions in group A was better than those of group B （P〈0.001）. It is concluded that reinforcement of short-segment pedicle fixation with morselized bone grafting for the treatment of patients with thoracolumbar vertebrae fracture could achieve and maintain kyphosis correction, and it may also increase and maintain anterior vertebral height. Morselized bone grafting in vertebrae offers immediate spinal stability in patients with thoracolumbar vertebrate fractures, decreases the instrument failure and provides better postoperative pain control than without the morselized bone grafting.

Static and dynamic studies of adsorption by four macroporous resins to enrich oridonin from Rabdosia rubescens

Oridonin,one of the active ingredients in Rabdosia rubescens(R.rubescens),has been reported to induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in many cancers.Conventional extraction methods tend to result in unsatisfied enrichment and poor quality of oridonin present in a given biomass.This paper aims to evaluate the performance and separation characteristics of four different macroporous resins to arrive at the most suitable methodology for the isolation and purification of highquality oridonin.Static absorption kinetics,thermodynamic and dynamic adsorption were evaluated.HP20 was selected for further study due to its high adsorption capacity of 32 mgg 1 and desorption ratio with 98.5%.The pseudosecondorder model was considered to be the most suitable for kinetic results,and Langmuir model was chosen to better describe the absorption thermodynamics.Under optimum conditions(flow rate of 4 ml min 1,bed depth with 6 cm and initial concentration of 2.15 mg·ml^1),the effective content of oridonin increased from 33.9%to 79.1%in the dry extract with a recovery of 81%and the purity of oridonin improved from 76%to 93%.The results confirm that HP20 provides an efficient method to purify most oridonin from R.rubescens.

Effect of Tetrandrine on LPS-induced NF-κB activation in isolated pancreatic acinar cells of rat

AIM: To investigate the effect of Tetrandrine (Tet) on LPS-induced NF-κB activation and cell injury in pancreatic acinar cells and to explore the mechanism of Tetrandrine preventing LPS-induced acinar cell injury. METHODS: Male rat pancreatic acinar cells were isolated by collagenase digestion, then exposed to LPS (10 mg/L), Tet (50μmol/L, 100μmol/L) or normal media. At different time point (30 min, 1 h, 4 h, 10 h) after treatment with the agents, cell viability was determined by MTT, the product and nuclear translocation of subunit p65 of NF-κB was visualized by immunofluorescence staining and nuclear protein was extracted to perform EMSA which was used to assay the NF-κB binding activity. RESULTS: LPS induced cell damage directly in a time dependent manner and Tet attenuated LPS-induced cell damage (50μmol/L, P < 0.05; 100μmol/L, P < 0.01). NF-κB p65 immunofluorescence staining in cytoplasm increased and began showing its nuclear translocation within 30 min and the peak was shown at 1 h of LPS 10 mg/L treatment. NF-κB DNA binding activity showed the same alteration pattern as p65 immunofluorescence staining. In Tet group, the immunofluorescence staining in cytoplasm and nuclear translocation of NF-κB were inhibited significantly. CONCLUSION: NF-κB activation is an important early event that may contribute to inflammatory responses and cell injury in pancreatic acinar cells. Tet possesses the protective effect on LPS-induced acinar cell injury by inhibiting NF-κB activation.

Localization and potential function of androgen receptor in rat salivary gland

Aim： To investigate the localization and quantity of androgen receptor （AR） in the salivary glands of rats with further analysis on the effect of castration. Methods： Sixty male Wistar rats, aged 30-60 days, were randomly divided into three groups （castrated, sham-operated and normal controls） with 20 rats in each group. The rats in the castrated group were castrated and the submaxillary glands were removed after 1 week. The salivary glands of the rats in the sham-operated and the normal control groups were also removed. Parts of the salivary glands were fixed for immuohistochemistry and in situ hybridization assays. Other parts were used for Western blot. Results： AR immunoreactivity in the three groups was localized in the glandular epithelial cells of the serous acinus and the glandular duct of the salivary gland, mainly in the nuclei. AR mRNA hybridization signals in the salivary glands of the castrated group were mainly distributed in the epithelial cells of the convoluted and secretary ducts; AR mRNA in the sham-operated and the normal control groups were found in the epithelial cells of the convoluted, the secretary and the excretory ducts. The quantity of AR in the salivary glands was decreased significantly in the castrated rats compared with the sham-operated and the normal controls. Moreover, epidermal growth factor （EGF） secreted by the salivary glands was also decreased in the castrated rats. Conclusion： Castration appears to affect the production of AR in the salivary gland and the distribution of the AR mRNA and could further affect the function of the salivary gland. The changes of AR and the distribution of AR mRNA may play an important role in the interactions between the testes and the salivary gland. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 295-301）

Rapid in vitro propagation of medicinally important Aquilaria agallocha

Aquilaria agallocha can produce fragrant agarwood used for incense, traditional medicine and other products. An efficient plant regeneration system was established via organogenesis from shoots developed from seedlings of Aquilaria agallocha. Shoots generated many buds on MS medium supplemented with 1.3 μmol/L BA （6-benzylaminopurine） in the first 7 weeks, and the buds elongated on MS medium with 1.3 μmol/L BA＋0.5 μmol/L NAA （naphthaleneacetic acid） in another 7 weeks, 2.3 shoots 2 cm in length per explant were obtained within 14 weeks. Plantlets were rooted on l/2 MS medium after being immersed in 5 μmol/L NAA for 48 h, 96.7% of the roots grew up two weeks later. All plantlets that survived acclimatization grew well in the pots.