Efficacy and dose response of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

BACKGROUND Probiotics have shown promise in alleviating symptoms of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS-D);however,the certainty of evidence is low.Wellpowered randomized controlled dose-ranging trials are warranted on promising single-strain candidates.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum(L.plantarum)Lpla33(DSM34428)in adults with IBS-D.METHODS This is a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multi-center,and doseranging study.Three hundred and seven adults,18-70 years of age,with IBS-D,according to Rome IV criteria,were allocated(1:1:1)to receive placebo or L.plantarum Lpla33 at 1×10^(9)(1B)or 1×10^(10)(10B)colony-forming units/d over an 8-wk intervention period.The primary outcome was the change in IBS severity scoring system(IBS-SSS)total score after 8 wk,while secondary and exploratory outcomes included abdominal pain severity,IBS related quality of life,stool and microbial profile,and perceived stress.RESULTS IBS-SSS was significantly reduced,after 8 wk,in participants receiving L.plantarum 1B(-128.45±83.30;P<0.001)and L.plantarum 10B(-156.77±99.06;P<0.001),compared to placebo(-58.82±74.75).Further,a dose-ranging effect was observed,with a greater absolute reduction in the L.plantarum 10B group(P<0.05).A reduction in sub-scores related to abdominal pain,abdominal distension,bowel habits,and quality of life was observed in both L.plantarum groups compared to placebo(P<0.001).Further,62.5%and 88.4%of participants administered L.plantarum 1B and 10B,respectively,were classified as stool consistency responders based on a reduction in diarrheal stool form,as compared to 26.3%in the placebo group(P<0.001).In contrast,no significant shifts were observed in microbial diversity.CONCLUSION L.plantarum Lpla33(DSM34428)is well tolerated and improves IBS symptom severity with a dose-ranging effect and a corresponding normalization of bowel habits in adults with IBS-D.

Bacillus sp. probiotic supplementation diminish the Escherichia coli F4ac infection in susceptible weaned pigs by influencing the intestinal immune response, intestinal microbiota and blood metabolomics

Background:Probiosis is considered a potential strategy to reduce antibiotics use and prevent postweaning diarrhea(PWD).This study investigated the effect of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens DSM25840 or Bacillus subtilis DSM25841 supplementation on growth,health,immunity,intestinal functionality and microbial profile of post-weaning pigs after enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC)F4 challenge.Methods:Sixty-four post-weaning piglets(7748 g±643 g)were randomly al ocated to four groups:control basal diet(CO);CO+1.28×10~6 CFU/g of B.amyloliquefaciens(BAA);CO+1.28×10~6 CFU/g feed of B.subtilis(BAS);CO+1 g colistin/kg of feed(AB).At day(d)7,animals were chal enged with 10~5 CFU/m L of ETEC F4 ac O149 and then fol owed for fecal score and performance until d 21.Blood was col ected at d 6,d 12 and d 21 for immunoglobulins,at d 8 for acute phase proteins,at d 8 and d 21 for metabolomics analysis.Jejunum was sampled for morphometry,quantification of apoptosis,cel proliferation,neutral and acid mucine and Ig A secretory cel s,and microarray analysis at d 21.Jejunum and cecum contents were col ected for microbiota at d 21.Results:AB and BAS reduced the fecal score impairment compared to CO(P<0.05)at d 14.Body weight(BW),average daily weight gain(ADWG),average daily feed intake(ADFI)and gain to feed ratio(G:F)did not differ between Bacil us groups and CO.AB improved BW at d 7,d 14 and d 21,ADWG ADFI and G:F from d 0 to d 7(P<0.05).At d 8,CO had higher plasma arginine,lysine,ornithine,glycine,serine and threonine than other groups,and higher haptoglobin than AB(P<0.05).At d 21,CO had lower blood glycine,glutamine and Ig A than BAS.Morphology,cel s apoptosis and mucins did not differ.BAS and AB increased the vil us mitotic index.Transcriptome profile of BAS and AB were more similar than CO.Gene sets related to adaptive immune response were enriched in BAA,BAS and AB.CO had enriched gene set for nuclear structure and RNA processing.CO had a trend of higher Enterobacteriaceae in cecum than the other groups(P=0.06).Conclusion:Bacil us subtilis DSM25841 treatment may reduce ETEC F4ac infection in weaned piglets,decreasing diarrhea and influencing mucosal transcriptomic profile.

Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis influenced intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFM) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P < 0.05) growth performance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P < 0.05) diarrhea and transcellular and paracellular permeability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P < 0.05) and d 0 to 11 PI(P = 0.058). Supplementation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P < 0.05) both transcellular and paracellular permeability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P < 0.05)the m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and MUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P < 0.05) expression of SLC5 A10, MUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and MUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P < 0.05) the m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P < 0.05) in ileal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs.Conclusions: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSM 25841) enhanced growth rate and improved gut barrier function of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.

Feeding Bacillus-based probiotics to gestating and lactating sows is an efficient method for improving immunity,gut functional status and biofilm formation by probiotic bacteria in piglets at weaning

The effects of dietary probiotic supplementation with viable Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spores on sow performance,immunity,gut functional status and biofilm formation by probiotic bacteria in piglets at weaning were investigated.Ninety-six sows reared in a continuous farrowing system for one full cycle were fed gestation diets during the first 90 d of pregnancy and lactation diets until the end of lactation.The sows were fed a basal diet without probiotics(control;n=48)or a diet supplemented with viable spores(1.1×10^(9)CFU/kg of feed)(probiotic;n=48).At 7 d of age,sucking piglets(n=12/group)were provided prestarter creep feed until weaning at 28 d of age.The piglets in the probiotic group were supplemented with the same probiotic and dosage as their dams.Blood and colostrum collected from sows and ileal tissues collected from piglets on the day of weaning were used for analyses.Probiotics increased the weight of piglets(P=0.077),improved the weaning weight(P=0.039)and increased both the total creep feed consumption(P=0.027)and litter gain(P=0.011).Probiotics also improved the faecal score in the second(P=0.013)week of life.The immunoglobulin G(IgG)concentrations in sow blood at farrowing and the IgM concentrations in piglet blood at weaning were higher in the probiotic group than in the control group(P=0.046).The piglets from the probiotic-treated sows showed a higher IgM concentration in the ileal mucosa(P=0.050)and a lower IgG concentration in the ileal mucosa(P=0.021)compared with the piglets from control sows.The probiotic-treated piglets had a thicker ileal mucosa(P=0.012)due to the presence of longer villi and larger Peyer's patches(P<0.001).B.subtilis and B.amyloliquefaciens were detected in the probiotic-treated piglets but not the control piglets;these bacteria were present in the digesta and villus structures and formed structures resembling biofilms.Overall,Bacillus-based probiotic supplementation improves the health indices of sows and their piglets.

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)的意义及防治

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)严重威胁世界各地的家禽生产和母鸡健康。鸡皮刺螨不但逐渐被认为是疫病重要的载体,而且有越来越多的报告显示其还可攻击包括人类在内的其他宿主,可见这种害虫对经济的影响变得越来越严重。随着世界各地的家禽生产逐渐脱离传统的笼养方式,鸡皮刺螨在禽群中的影响将变得更加普遍,防控将变得更加困难。尽管已有耐药性和治疗失败的报告,但鸡皮刺螨的防治仍以合成杀螨剂为主。目前在鸡皮刺螨及螨虫管理的专项研究报告中已经提出一些替代防治措施。尽管许多替代防治措施仍处于商业化前期阶段,但仍有部分措施已经逐渐进入市场。本综述汇集了日益扩充的鸡皮刺螨的研究,并评估了其当前和未来可供选择的防控措施。得出的结论是,鸡皮刺螨防治的重大进展最有可能来自综合防控的措施,将最新的研究融入到现有的和新型的防治策略中,这种融合将改进的监测和建模相结合,更好地为治疗和干预该病提供信息支持。