Neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders features a long and controversial history.This article explores a“spectrum of psychosurgery”,describing how old-fashioned and controversial prefrontal lobotomy gradu...Neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders features a long and controversial history.This article explores a“spectrum of psychosurgery”,describing how old-fashioned and controversial prefrontal lobotomy gradually evolved into modern day,mainstream scientific deep brain stimulation(DBS).We focus on the rise,fall and possible re-emergence of psychosurgery as a therapeutic intervention today.We journey through historic indiscriminate use of prefrontal lobotomy,which evoked stern criticism from both public and professionals,through to the development of modern day DBS-performed for patients suffering from severe,treatment resistant symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),epilepsy and movement disorders.We hope this article will provide a basis for understanding the availability of existing treatment options and potential future opportunities,whilst simultaneously challenging any public/professional preconceptions of psychosurgery,which may indirectly be obstructing patient care.Additionally,we carried out a qualitative survey displayed in WordCloud Format,capturing the intellection of 38 mental health professionals working for North West Boroughs NHS Healthcare Foundation Trust,on“psychosurgery”,“prefrontal lobotomy”and“DBS”,which may well reflect wider public opinion.In summary,the article provides a brief,yet comprehensive overview of the controversial history of psychosurgery,present-day practice,and future trends of neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.展开更多
In this paper, we examine quantum systems with relativistic dynamics. We show that for a successful description of these systems, the application of Galilei invariant nonrelativistic Hamiltonian is necessary. To modif...In this paper, we examine quantum systems with relativistic dynamics. We show that for a successful description of these systems, the application of Galilei invariant nonrelativistic Hamiltonian is necessary. To modify this Hamiltonian to relativistic dynamics, we require precise relativistic kinetic energy operators instead of nonrelativistic ones for every internal (Jacobi) coordinate. Finally, we introduce and investigate the Schrödinger equation with relativistic dynamics for two-particle systems with harmonic oscillator and Coulomb potentials.展开更多
An investigation of origins of the quantum mechanical momentum operator has shown that it corresponds to the nonrelativistic momentum of classical special relativity theory rather than the relativistic one, as has bee...An investigation of origins of the quantum mechanical momentum operator has shown that it corresponds to the nonrelativistic momentum of classical special relativity theory rather than the relativistic one, as has been unconditionally believed in traditional relativistic quantum mechanics until now. Taking this correspondence into account, relativistic momentum and energy operators are defined. Schrödinger equations with relativistic kinematics are introduced and investigated for a free particle and a particle trapped in the deep potential well.展开更多
文摘Neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders features a long and controversial history.This article explores a“spectrum of psychosurgery”,describing how old-fashioned and controversial prefrontal lobotomy gradually evolved into modern day,mainstream scientific deep brain stimulation(DBS).We focus on the rise,fall and possible re-emergence of psychosurgery as a therapeutic intervention today.We journey through historic indiscriminate use of prefrontal lobotomy,which evoked stern criticism from both public and professionals,through to the development of modern day DBS-performed for patients suffering from severe,treatment resistant symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD),epilepsy and movement disorders.We hope this article will provide a basis for understanding the availability of existing treatment options and potential future opportunities,whilst simultaneously challenging any public/professional preconceptions of psychosurgery,which may indirectly be obstructing patient care.Additionally,we carried out a qualitative survey displayed in WordCloud Format,capturing the intellection of 38 mental health professionals working for North West Boroughs NHS Healthcare Foundation Trust,on“psychosurgery”,“prefrontal lobotomy”and“DBS”,which may well reflect wider public opinion.In summary,the article provides a brief,yet comprehensive overview of the controversial history of psychosurgery,present-day practice,and future trends of neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.
文摘In this paper, we examine quantum systems with relativistic dynamics. We show that for a successful description of these systems, the application of Galilei invariant nonrelativistic Hamiltonian is necessary. To modify this Hamiltonian to relativistic dynamics, we require precise relativistic kinetic energy operators instead of nonrelativistic ones for every internal (Jacobi) coordinate. Finally, we introduce and investigate the Schrödinger equation with relativistic dynamics for two-particle systems with harmonic oscillator and Coulomb potentials.
文摘An investigation of origins of the quantum mechanical momentum operator has shown that it corresponds to the nonrelativistic momentum of classical special relativity theory rather than the relativistic one, as has been unconditionally believed in traditional relativistic quantum mechanics until now. Taking this correspondence into account, relativistic momentum and energy operators are defined. Schrödinger equations with relativistic kinematics are introduced and investigated for a free particle and a particle trapped in the deep potential well.
