Gastrointestinal diseases, specifically Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis are all characterized by complicated inflammation of the digestive tract. Their path...Gastrointestinal diseases, specifically Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis are all characterized by complicated inflammation of the digestive tract. Their pathology is multifactorial, and risk factors encompass both genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in the genetic component of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) have revealed that the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15(TNFSF15) contains a number of risk alleles associated not only with IBD but also with other diseases such as diverticular disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. These risk alleles in TNFSF15 and the altered expression of its gene product can serve as the common ground between these disorders by explaining at least some of the underlying processes that lead to a dysregulated immune response and subsequent chronic inflammation. Here, we aim to outline how the TNFSF15 gene is involved in the proliferation and cell fate of different populations of T cells and subsequently in the control of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we summarize what is currently known of TNFSF15 control region variants, how they are associated with each mentioned disease, and how these variants can explain the autoimmune pathology of said diseases through altered TNFSF15 expression.展开更多
Immune infiltration in human tumors is a key prognostic factor.In this aspect it has to be noted that the publications concerning the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)under overweight and obesity are limited,especi...Immune infiltration in human tumors is a key prognostic factor.In this aspect it has to be noted that the publications concerning the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)under overweight and obesity are limited,especially in the clinical setting in particular concerning gastric cancer.This study has shown that density of TILs consistently associated with body mass index(BMI)and density of cancer-associated adipocytes(CAA)in tumors,decreased significantly in patients with BMI>30 having high density of CAA.Hypoxia in tumor does not affect this process.Patients with BMI>30 having high density of CAA with slight infiltrating of TILs in tumors demonstrated better overall survival than the same patients with BMI<25 whereas the same patients with BMI<25 but with low density of CAA have shown much longer overall survival.Presence of TILs in BM was not affected by both the high density of CAA and level of hypoxia in primary tumor;moreover it has not been associated with BMI as well as patients survival time.Understanding the metabolic changes that occur in obese individuals may help to pave the way for more effective treatments for patients with gastric cancer having overweight.展开更多
文摘Gastrointestinal diseases, specifically Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, diverticular disease, and primary biliary cirrhosis are all characterized by complicated inflammation of the digestive tract. Their pathology is multifactorial, and risk factors encompass both genetic and environmental factors. Recent advances in the genetic component of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBDs) have revealed that the tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15(TNFSF15) contains a number of risk alleles associated not only with IBD but also with other diseases such as diverticular disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. These risk alleles in TNFSF15 and the altered expression of its gene product can serve as the common ground between these disorders by explaining at least some of the underlying processes that lead to a dysregulated immune response and subsequent chronic inflammation. Here, we aim to outline how the TNFSF15 gene is involved in the proliferation and cell fate of different populations of T cells and subsequently in the control of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, we summarize what is currently known of TNFSF15 control region variants, how they are associated with each mentioned disease, and how these variants can explain the autoimmune pathology of said diseases through altered TNFSF15 expression.
文摘Immune infiltration in human tumors is a key prognostic factor.In this aspect it has to be noted that the publications concerning the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes(TILs)under overweight and obesity are limited,especially in the clinical setting in particular concerning gastric cancer.This study has shown that density of TILs consistently associated with body mass index(BMI)and density of cancer-associated adipocytes(CAA)in tumors,decreased significantly in patients with BMI>30 having high density of CAA.Hypoxia in tumor does not affect this process.Patients with BMI>30 having high density of CAA with slight infiltrating of TILs in tumors demonstrated better overall survival than the same patients with BMI<25 whereas the same patients with BMI<25 but with low density of CAA have shown much longer overall survival.Presence of TILs in BM was not affected by both the high density of CAA and level of hypoxia in primary tumor;moreover it has not been associated with BMI as well as patients survival time.Understanding the metabolic changes that occur in obese individuals may help to pave the way for more effective treatments for patients with gastric cancer having overweight.
