Antimicrobial activity of whey milk and their fractions against Staphylococcus pasteuri clinical strain

The antibacterial activity of Whey Milk and its fractions were studied against one hundred bacteria strains isolated and screened from various patients at the University Hospital of Zagazig,Sharkia Province,Egypt.F2 fraction of Whey Milk has shown the highest degree of antibacterial activity against the pathogenic bacteria A63 isolated from the wound.Buffalo whey(BW)was hydrolyzed with papain followed by fractionation using size exclusion chromatography(SEC).The fractionation profile of BWH showed three major peaks in Size exclusion chromatography,SECF1,SECF2,and SECF3 after 3h.F2 is the most active fraction and has faster migration than HP,F1,and F3 and may have higher positive charges on Urea-PAGE towards the cathode direction.FTIR spectrum analysis of the F2 fraction of whey protein demonstrates the occurrence of distinctive functional groups,such as Alkanes,alcohols,phenols,flavonoids,alkenes,anhydrides,and halo compounds.The biochemical characters and the 1.5 Kb 16S RNA gene’s nucleotide sequence of the most potent stain showed 99%similarity with Staphylococcus pasteuri.Our results showed that the ability of nanoparticles of whey to inhibit pathogenic bacteria decreases compared to raw whey and its fractions.Cellular deformation and partial and total lysis of cell components were seen in Staphylococcus pasteuri treated with whey F2 fraction under Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM).

Prevalence and Risk of Anemia in Type-2 Diabetic Patients

Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, the incidence and risk of anemia in these patients were assessed according to gender and glycemic control status. Methods: The study group comprised 200 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control and gender. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose level, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of subjects were evaluated. The presence of anemia was defined by a hemoglobin level 6.5%, fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl and random blood glucose >200 mg/dl. Result: 63% of diabetic patients had anemia. There was higher incidence and risk of anemia in females (36%) as compared to males (27%) (p 7.5% (49.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes HbA1C < 7.5% (13.5%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and gender difference are associated with the incidence of anemia in type II diabetes. Our findings suggest the need of screening for anemia in diabetes out-patient clinics. Routine hematological tests along with blood glucose level should be mandatory in order to make therapeutic decisions for the treatment of anemia in type II diabetes mellitus.

Characterization and antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-proliferative activities of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles with shoot extracts of Plicosepalus curviflorus

Objective:To synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles using ethanol extract of shoots of Plicosepalus curviflorus(PC-MgONPs)and evaluate the antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-proliferative activities of PC-MgONPs.Methods:The green synthesized PC-MgONPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible(UV),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential,energy dispersive X-ray,and scanning electron microscopy.Furthermore,we investigated total antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities using breast cancer cell lines(MDA-231).Results:The UV spectrum of PC-MgONPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 300 nm.The presence of magnesium,oxygen,and sodium was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Scanning electron microscopy revealed PC-MgONPs as roughly spherical granular structures with sizes ranging from 20.0 to 76.4nm.PC-MgONPs showed considerable antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with zones of inhibition of 11-17 mm.In addition,total antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity of PC-MgONPs against MDA-231 cells were dose-dependent.Conclusions:The synthesized PC-MgONPs could be a potent antimicrobial,antioxidant and anti-cancer agent,which needs further investigation.

Circulating Levels of Hypoxia-regulating MicroRNAs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Hemolytic Anemia

Objective MicroRNAs are fine regulators for gene expression during the post-transcriptional stage in many autoimmune diseases.HypoxamiRs(miR-210 and miR-21)play an important role in hypoxia and in inflammation-associated hypoxia.Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that would potentiate many pathological complications,including hemolytic anemia.This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxamiRs in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.Methods This work was designed to analyze the circulating levels of↱the miR-210 and miR-21 expressions and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-α)in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.SLE activity was evaluated for all patients by SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI).Clinical manifestations/complications and serological/hematological investigations were reported.HIF-αconcentration was assayed by ELISA and expression of miR-21 and miR-210 was analyzed by qRT-PCR.Results The results indicated that the fold change of the miR-210/miR-21 expressions in plasma was significantly elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A strong positive correlation between the miR-210 and miR-21 expression levels was also recorded.Among the associated-disease complications,hypertension,arthritis,oral ulcers,and serositis were associated with a high circulating miR-210 expression,while the occurrence of renal disorders was associated with the increased miR-21 expression.Furthermore,the HIF-αlevel was remarkably elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A high positive correlation was recorded between the HIF-αconcentration and miR-210/miR-21 expression levels.The occurrence of oral ulcers,arthritis,and hypertension was associated with the increased HIF-αconcentration.On the other hand,SLEDAI and white blood cell count were positively correlated with miR-21/miR-210.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was positively correlated with miR-21.Conclusion The dysregulation of the circulating miR-210/miR-210/HIF-1αlevels in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients advocated that the hypoxia pathway might have an essential role in the pathogenesis and complications of these diseases.

Histochemical Patterns of Collagenic Fibers in the Benign and Malignant Breast Lesions

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. An increased incidence of different types of breast cancer has been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the different types of breast cancer and its possible risk of neoplasmic transformation to an advanced malignant stage from a benign tumor. The histochemical patterns of collagen fibers in the benign and malignant breast lesions were evaluated. From the 50 tissue samples, 25 were malignant breast lesions and 25 were benign breast tumor. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Van Gieson staining were performed to detect a benign and malignant tumor as well as collagen fibers. We found that significant cases after age of 35 were associated with ductal carcinoma while most of the cases within the age of 25 years were associated with fibrocystic changes. The intensity of collagen fiber was higher to Ductal Carcinoma while negative and less intense for Fibroblastic changes. Furthermore, a consistent association of other lesions, such as Lobular Carcinoma, Fibroadenoma, Papilloma and Fat necrosis and noticeable staining for collagen was observed for the different lesion. Our study suggested that women with age of 25 with benign lesion of fibrocystic change and ductal carcinoma are highly susceptible to develop advanced malignant tumor with age. Therefore, quantitative measurement of collagen fiber and regular follow-up are recommended to avoid the possible risk of developing advanced malignant lesions.

Control of seed born mycobiota associated with Glycine max L.Merr.seeds by a combination of traditional medicinal plants extracts

Seeds from soybean collected from different commercial markets were surveyed for seed-borne fungi.Ninetyeight fungal colonies were isolated all over three monthly isolations constituting twenty-two fungal species.The isolated fungi were belonging to the genera:Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cephalosporium,Chaetomium,Cladosporium,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Fusarium,Macrophomina,Mucor,Penicillium,Rhizoctonia,Rhizopus,Sclerotium,Stemphylium,and Verticillium.Assay of the antifungal activity of four ethanolic extracts of clove,cinnamon,garlic,and mint was carried out against the most common fungal species(Aspergillus flavus,A.niger,Fusarium solani,F.oxysporium,and F.moniliforme),which significantly reduced the growth of tested fungi.Clove extract recorded the highest antimicrobial potentiality against the seed-borne fungal species,followed by cinnamon,garlic,and mint.Clove and cinnamon achieved minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values less than that of the reference antifungal drug fluconazole.Simultaneously,garlic and mint recorded MIC values equal to or higher than that of control.A combination of clove and cinnamon,clove and garlic,cinnamon and garlic,cinnamon,and mint extracts increased the mean relative activity percentage.They decreased MIC values below their values when used individually;this indicated synergistic interaction between the two extracts.A combination of clove with mint and garlic with mint recorded a decrease in the percentage of mean relative activity and an increase in MIC values than their values when used individually,indicating antagonistic interaction between them.

Profile and geographical distribution of reported cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Northwestern Saudi Arabia,from 2010 to 2013

Objective:To describe the profile and geographical distribution of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in the province of Hail,Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2013.Methods:Human data were collected from the dermatology service of both King Khaled and General Hail hospitals.Results:A total of 483 confirmed CL cases were investigated.Cutaneous leishmaniasis follows a seasonal distribution related to the activity of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna.Both saudi and non saudi patients were almost equally infected.The number of reported cases of CL in men was higher than that in females.The frequency of CL was asoociated with age and increased in teenager and adult group.By analyzing the geographical distribution,the majority of Hail districts were affected with this disease.However it is more prevalent in Hail city.Conclusions:The lack of data concerning the parasite,the sand fly fauna and the existing transmission cycles in Hail province make difficult to interpret the reported results and to follow up the spatio-temporal evolution of the disease.

Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential capacities of AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs in suppressing pancreaticβ-cells auto-immunity and apoptosis in rats with T1DM induced model

Since Type 1 diabetes(T1DM)occurs whenβ-cells mass is reduced to less than 20%of the normal level due to autoimmune destruction of cells resulting in the inability to secrete insulin,preservation or replenishment of the functionalβ-cells mass has become a major therapeutic focus for this diabetic type treatment.Thus,this 4-week work plan was designed to determine which mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)type is more appropriate to alleviate pancreatic hazards resulting from diabetes induction;via tracking a comparative study between MSCs derived from adipose tissue(AD-MSCs)and from bone marrow(BM-MSCs)in management of T1DM considering their immunomodulatory,anti-apoptotic and antioxidative roles.Rats were divided randomly into 4 groups;control,STZdiabetic(D),D+AD-MSCs,and D+BM-MSCs groups.Both stem cells types in this study were allogenic.Herein,both oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were evaluated using colorimetric analysis,while inflammatory,immune and apoptotic markers were assessed through flow cytometric analysis.Results showed that diabetic rats treated with either AD-MSCs or BM-MSCs exhibited marked pancreatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that were able to initiate pancreatic immunomodulation and reducingβ-cells apoptotic death,thus,help to restore their normal insulin secretion and hypoglycemic abilities.However,AD-MSCs injection was shown to be superior as a pancreatic regenerative tool in overcoming diabetes;owing to their marked antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-apoptotic characteristics over BM-MSCs treatment.

Investigation of the antioxidant defensive role of both AD-MSCs and BM-MSCs in modulating the alteration in the oxidative stress status in various STZ-diabetic rats’tissues

Diabetes mellitus(DM)could negatively affect patients’health via inducing a lot of serious functional hazards in many tissues’cells at molecular levels.Recently,many scientists had proposed stem cell therapy being an appropriate alternative treatment protocol for numerous health threatening issues including diabetes.Therefore,the current study was designed to investigate the antioxidant potentiality of two MSCs types in alleviating tissues’oxidative stress dramatic elevation resulting as a consequence of Type 1 DM induction.In our 4 weeks study,animals were divided into four groups:control group,STZ-diabetic group(D),D+AD-MSCs group and D+BM-MSCs group.Data reported that diabetic rats treated with either AD-MSCs or BM-MSCs exhibited a marvelous body tissues(Pancreas,Liver and Kidney)enhancing capabilities in attenuating the oxidative stress status;as evidenced by XO,ROS,and MDA levels down-regulation;with a general concomitant elevation in the antioxidants’content;evidenced by many enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants up-regulation;relative to the diabetic untreated group.Interestingly,comparing both treatments with each other and to control group,most of the measured parameters were reverted back to near normal levels after AD-MSCs injection;which clearly point out their stunning health benefits and superiority as anti-diabetic agent in overcoming different tissues’complications;owing to their marked cytoprotective and regenerative potentialities.

Structure-based discovery of F.religiosa phytochemicals as potential inhibitors against Monkeypox(mpox)viral protein

Outbreaks of Monkeypox(mpox)in over 100 non-endemic countries in 2022 represented a serious global health concern.Once a neglected disease,mpox has become a global public health issue.A42R profilinlike protein from mpox(PDB ID:4QWO)represents a potential new lead for drug development and may interact with various synthetic and natural compounds.In this report,the interaction of A42R profilinlike protein with six phytochemicals found in the medicinal plant Ficus religiosa(abundant in India)was examined.Based on the predicted and compared protein–ligand binding energies,biological properties,IC_(50) values and toxicity,two compounds,kaempferol(C-1)and piperine(C-4),were selected.ADMET characteristics and quantitative structure–activity relationship(QSAR)of these two compounds were determined,and molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were performed.In silico examination of the kaempferol(C-1)and piperine(C-4)interactions with A42R profilin-like protein gave best-pose ligandbinding energies of–6.98 and–5.57 kcal/mol,respectively.The predicted IC_(50) of C-1 was 7.63 lM and 82 lM for C-4.Toxicity data indicated that kaempferol and piperine are non-mutagenic,and the QSAR data revealed that piperlongumine(5.92)and piperine(5.25)had higher log P values than the other compounds examined.MD simulations of A42R profilin-like protein in complex with C-1 and C-4 were performed to examine the stability of the ligand–protein interactions.As/C and C-4 showed the highest affinity and activities,they may be suitable lead candidates for developing mpox therapeutic drugs.This study should facilitate discovering and synthesizing innovative therapeutics to address other infectious diseases.

A new thinprep cytologic test of cervical cells and its application

In order to improve the quality of routine cervical smears,we investigated the new Thinprep cytologic test(TCT)for cervical cells.In this study,100 women who were enrolled were randomly divided into two groups.In one group,the TCT for cervical cells was applied(TCT group),and in the other group routine cervical smear was used.In addition,the cells in the TCT group were screened by double sifters,and centrifuged using a separation medium so as to eliminate mucus,inflammatory cells and blood cells.According to the cell distribution and the thickness of the smear,the results were assigned to three groups,including satisfactory smears,less satisfactory smears and unsatisfactory smears.The TCT had a higher satisfactory rate(98%)compared to the routine cervical smear(32%)(P<0.01),indicating the TCT was superior to the routine cervical smear.It is concluded that the TCT is more acceptable.Meanwhile,in comparison to the routine cervical smear,the TCT for cervical cells has 5 advantages which can greatly increase the cytological accuracy.

Transcriptome analysis revealing the mechanism of soybean protein isolates and soybean peptides on Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lra05

To further investigate the promoting effect of soybean protein and peptides on Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus Lra05(L.rhamnosus Lra05),the overall changes of gene expression of it was investigated through transcriptome analysis treated with dPEP and dSPI The results showed that there were 890,113,and 1073 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in dPEP/MRS,dSPI/MRS and dPEP/dSPI comparison,respectively.Besides,we found dPEP could promote the expression of acc and fab family genes related to fatty acid biosynthesis,but dSPI played the opposite role.Moreover,dPEP stimulated genes clustered in pur family and ribosome protein,responsible for purine and protein synthesis.Interestingly,dPEP suppressed genes regulating peptides and amino acids transportation and dSPI specially inhibited the pyr family genes involved in pyrimidine metabolism.These data revealed the knowledge about the metabolic pathways affected by dPEP and dSPI and provide a preliminary understanding of the relationship between soybean proteins and peptides and L.rhamnosus Lra05.