Association between the frontoparietal network,clinical symptoms and treatment response in individuals with untreated anorexia nervosa

Background Anorexia nervosa(AN)has been characterised as a psychiatric disorder associated with increased control.Currently,it remains difficult to predict treatment response in patients with AN.Their cognitive abilities are known to be resistant to treatment.It has been established that the frontoparietal control network(FPCN)is the direct counterpart of the executive control network.Therefore,the resting-state brain activity of the FPCN may serve as a biomarker to predict treatment response in AN.Aims The study aimed to investigate the association between resting-state functional connectivity(RSFC)of the FPCN,clinical symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN.Methods In this case-control study,79 female patients with AN and no prior treatment from the Shanghai Mental Health Center and 40 matched healthy controls(HCs)were recruited from January 2015 to March 2022.All participants completed the Questionnaire Versionof the Eating Disorder Examination(version 6.0)to assess the severity of their eating disorder symptoms.Additionally,RSFC data were obtained from all participants at baseline by functional magnetic resonance imaging.Patients with AN underwent routine outpatient treatment at the 4th and 12th week,during which time their clinical symptoms were evaluated using the same measures as at baseline.Results Among the 79 patients,40 completed the 4-week follow-up and 35 completed the 12-week follow-up.The RSFC from the right posterior parietal cortex(PPC)and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(diPFC)increased in 79 patients with AN vs 40 HCs after controlling for depression and anxiety symptoms.By multiple linear regression,the RSFC of the PPC to the inferior frontal gyrus was found to be a significant factor for self-reported eating disorder symptoms at baseline and the treatment response to cognitive preoccupations about eating and body image,after controlling for age,age of onset and body mass index.The RSFC in the dIPFC to the middle temporal gyrus and the superior frontal gyrus may be significant factors in the treatment response to binge eating and loss of control/overeating in patients with AN.Conclusions Alterations in RSFC in the FPCN appear to affect self-reported eating disorder symptoms and treatment response in patients with AN.Our findings offer new insight into the pathogenesis of AN and could promote early prevention and treatment.

The Effect of Tea-Cinnamon and <i>Melissa officinalis</i>L. Aqueous Extraction, on Neuropsychology Distress, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Glass Production Workers

Medicinal plants are considered as natural sources of antioxidant compounds which may protect organisms against oxidative stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of Cinnamon and Melissa officinalis L. (Lemon balm) on the improvement of oxidative stress in glass production workers. This clinical study was conducted on 32 glass production workers. They were asked to use 0.5 g of tea-Cinnamon and 3 g of Lemon balm as infusion for 30 days in the morning and evening each day. At the beginning and the end of the study, blood samples were taken from individuals to determine the level of fasting blood suger (FBS), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanintransferase (ALT), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (CL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein(HDL) levels, lipid peroxidation (LPO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and sillies were measured in workers’ blood. At the end of experiment, data were subjected to the paired t-test analysis. Clinical examination was accomplished to record any abnormal signs or symptoms. After treatment, the high-density lipoprotein and TAC of serum significantly increased while the AST and LPO decreased. There were positive correlations between work history and initiative energy disorder of cognitive test. Probably tea-Cinnamon and Lemon balm possesses marked antioxidant activity and, therefore, it can be used to protect individuals from the oxidative stresses. Using supplementary antioxidants may be helpful in the treatment of workers.

A Clinical Study on the Effect of Group Nostalgia Therapy on Quality of Life and Cognitive Function in Elderly Patients with Depression

Background:Elderly people with depression require special care and attention.However,nostalgia is a complex emotional situation for a person who recalls the missing past.To improve mental health,quality of life,and attitudes toward aging in institutional care,group nostalgia therapy can be a nursing intermediary for the elderly.This study aimed to analyze the effect of group nostalgia therapy on quality of life cognitive function in elderly patients with depression.Methods:A total of 89 participants were enrolled in this study,which was further categorized into a control(n=40)and a nostalgia therapy group(n=49).A standard questionnaire was used to compare the QoL,MMSE and GDS scores between the control and the nostalgia therapy groups.Results:Neither the nostalgia group nor the control group showed any statistical difference based on the patient characteristics,and both groups had a homogeneous distribution with p<0.05.However,in the intervention with nostalgia therapy,the therapy group showed improvements in almost all four domains of quality of life:physical health,psychological,environmental and social well-being.Moreover,the standard regression residual plot observed that both the post-test scores of MMSE and GDS showed favorable scores with respect to WHO-QoL.Conclusion:The study observed that group nostalgia therapy helps improve the quality of life and cognitive function in elderly patients with depression.The study also concludes that reducing depressive symptoms through nostalgia therapy could improve all four domains of the WHOQoL BREF.

The Clinical Treatment of Obesity from a Psychoanalytical Perspective

The present work aims to address the issue of painful awakening to the hidden and repressed forces that emerged during psychoanalytic psychotherapy, thus opposing treatxuent. This refers to the difficulties that become of in the tzeatanent of an obese patient who sought help to deal with their binge eating, their incessant search for an ideal body in response to narcissistic requirement. And it reveals the attempt of a truer approximation with itself, meeting its subjectivity, which allowed, thus, the infinite possibilities, even of psychic change, without assigning to the outside the solution of all its psychic difficulties.

Changes and clinical significance of BDNF and MMP9 be-fore and after treatment of depressive episode

Objective:to explore brain-derived neu-rotrophic factor(BDNF)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP9)messenger in peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with depressive episodes before and after anti-depressant treatment changes in RNA(mRNA)expres-sion levels.Methods:fifteen patients hospitalized with depression in the Afiliated Mental Hospital of Kunming Medical University from December 2021 to June 2022 were collected as research objects.After 4 weeks of anti-depressant treatment,BDNF mRNA and MMP9 mRNA in patients with depression were detected before and af-ter treatment,and statistically analyzed.Results:after 4 weeks of antidepressant treatment,there was no signif-icant difference in BDNF mRNA expression level after treatment compared with before treatment(P>0.05).The mRNA level of MMP9 was higher than that before treatment,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:antidepressant therapy increases the expression of MMP9 mRNA,increasing the conver-sion of BDNF precursor(proBDNF)to mature for BDNF(mBDNF)to relieve depressive symptoms,and the total content of BDNF did not change significantly.

Ethnobotany and Indigenous Traditional Knowledge in Brazil: Contributions to Research in Ecopsychology

This paper is the result of an investigation of the flora and traditionalknowledge in the conception of Javaé indigenous people from the Txuirivillage located on Bananal Island, Brazil. The objective is to investigatethe plants used by these indigenous people, their diverse uses and tounderstand how traditional knowledge is passed on to new generations.This is a qualitative, descriptive and interdisciplinary survey, whose datacollection strategies included the application of semi-structured questionnairesand collection of plants for cataloguing according to AngiospermPhylogeny Group or APG III (2009). We identified 26 plant species, usedfor various purposes such as medicinal use, food, construction, craft andcultural, which were deposited in the Herbarium of the Federal Universityof Tocantins. Roots, stem and leaf are the plant parts most used bythe community. The plants mentioned were most frequently found on thebanks of the Javaés River and in the backyard of the residences. Significanttraditional knowledge of these people about the plants are transmittedto new generations, through visual, orality and experimentation. Ethnobotanicalstudies strengthen research in ecopsychology while allowingresearch into the interactions between human populations and plants.

Contrast-enhanced guided endoscopic ultrasound procedures

Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CH-EUS)can overcome the limi-tations of endoscopic ultrasound-guided acquisition by identifying microvessels inside inhomogeneous tumours and improving the characterization of these tumours.Despite the initial enthusiasm that oriented needle sampling under CH-EUS guidance could provide better diagnostic yield in pancreatic solid lesions,further studies did not confirm the supplementary values in cases of tissue acquisition guided by CH-EUS.This review details the knowledge based on the available data on contrast-guided procedures.The indications for CH-EUS tissue acquisition include isoechoic EUS lesions with poor visible delineation where CH-EUS can differentiate the lesion vascularisation from the surrounding parenchyma and also the mural nodules within biliopancreatic cystic lesions,which occur in select cases.Additionally,the roles of CH-EUS-guided therapy in patients whose pancreatic fluid collections or bile ducts that have an echogenic content have indications for drainage,and patients who have nonvisualized vessels that need to be highlighted via Doppler EUS are presented.Another indication is represented if there is a need for an immediate assessment of the post-radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours,in which case CH-EUS can be used to reveal the incomplete tumour destruction.

Exploring Motor Imagery EEG: Enhanced EEG Microstate Analysis with GMD-Driven Density Canopy Method

The analysis of microstates in EEG signals is a crucial technique for understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of brain electrical activity.Traditional methods such as Atomic Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering(AAHC),K-means clustering,Principal Component Analysis(PCA),and Independent Component Analysis(ICA)are limited by a fixed number of microstate maps and insufficient capability in cross-task feature extraction.Tackling these limitations,this study introduces a Global Map Dissimilarity(GMD)-driven density canopy K-means clustering algorithm.This innovative approach autonomously determines the optimal number of EEG microstate topographies and employs Gaussian kernel density estimation alongside the GMD index for dynamic modeling of EEG data.Utilizing this advanced algorithm,the study analyzes the Motor Imagery(MI)dataset from the GigaScience database,GigaDB.The findings reveal six distinct microstates during actual right-hand movement and five microstates across other task conditions,with microstate C showing superior performance in all task states.During imagined movement,microstate A was significantly enhanced.Comparison with existing algorithms indicates a significant improvement in clustering performance by the refined method,with an average Calinski-Harabasz Index(CHI)of 35517.29 and a Davis-Bouldin Index(DBI)average of 2.57.Furthermore,an information-theoretical analysis of the microstate sequences suggests that imagined movement exhibits higher complexity and disorder than actual movement.By utilizing the extracted microstate sequence parameters as features,the improved algorithm achieved a classification accuracy of 98.41%in EEG signal categorization for motor imagery.A performance of 78.183%accuracy was achieved in a four-class motor imagery task on the BCI-IV-2a dataset.These results demonstrate the potential of the advanced algorithm in microstate analysis,offering a more effective tool for a deeper understanding of the spatiotemporal features of EEG signals.

Research on the Intervention Effect of Vibroacoustic Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with Depression

Research purpose:This study implemented somatosensory music therapy on patients with depressive disorders,and explored the effects of somatosensory music therapy on the degree of depression,positive and negative emotions,intuitive stress and autonomic nervous function of patients.Research method:We collected 66 patients diagnosed with depression from the Department of Psychological Medicine of Henan Provincial People’s Hospital,and divided them into a control group and an intervention group according to the random number table,with 33 people in each group.The control group received routine psychiatric treatment and nursing.On the basis of the control group,the intervention group received somatosensory music therapy 3 times a week,30 min each time,for 4 consecutive weeks.The Hamilton Depression Scale,Positive and Negative Emotion Scale,Perceived Stress Scale,and Heart Rate Variability Index were collected and analyzed at baseline(T0),2 weeks after treatment(T1)and 4 weeks after treatment(T2).Research results:After 4 weeks of treatment,the HAMD scores of the two groups decreased to varying degrees,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(p<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the scores of positive emotions in both groups increased to varying degrees,and the scores of negative emotions increased to varying degrees.The scores decreased to varying degrees,and there were statistically significant differences between the positive and negative emotion groups(p<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,the CPSS scores of the two groups decreased to varying degrees,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(p<0.05).Analyzing the main effect of intervention factors alone,after 4 weeks of treatment,SDNN and RMSSD indexes all increased to varying degrees,and the degree of increase in the intervention group was greater than that in the control group,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant(p<0.05).Research conclusion:assisting somatosensory music therapy for patients with depressive disorders can improve depressive symptoms,increase positive emotions,reduce negative emotions,and reduce perceived stress.These are beneficial to restore the balance of autonomic nervous system,and are effective for the treatment of depression.

Application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in metabolic alterations of prefrontal white and gray matter in depression adolescents

BACKGROUND Cases of depression among adolescents are gradually increasing.The study of the physiological basis of cognitive function from a biochemical perspective has therefore been garnering increasing attention.Depression has been hypothesized to be associated with the brain biochemical metabolism of the anterior cingulate gyrus,frontal lobe white matter,and the thalamus.AIM To explore the application of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy(1H-MRS)in the metabolic alterations in the prefrontal white matter(PWM)and gray matter(GM)in adolescents with depression.METHODS 1H-MRS was performed for semi-quantitative analysis of the biochemical metabolites N-acetylaspartate(NAA),choline(Cho)complexes,creatine(Cr),and myoinositol(mI)in bilateral PWM,anterior cingulate GM,and thalami of 31 adolescent patients with depression(research group)and 35 healthy adolescents(control group),and the NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,and mI/Cr ratios were calculated.Meanwhile,Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Wechsler Memory Scale were used to assess the degree of depression and memory function in all adolescents.The correlation of brain metabolite levels with scale scores was also analyzed.RESULTS The research group had markedly higher HAMD-24 scores and lower memory quotient(MQ)compared with the control group(P<0.05).Adolescents with depression were found to have lower bilateral PWM NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr ratios compared with healthy adolescents(P<0.05).The mI/Cr ratios were found to be similar in both groups(P>0.05).The bilateral anterior cingulate GM NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr,and mI/Cr also did not demonstrate marked differences(P>0.05).No statistical inter-group difference was determined in NAA/Cr of the bilateral thalami(P>0.05),while bilateral thalamic Cho/Cr and mI/Cr were reduced in teenagers with depression compared with healthy adolescents(P<0.05).A significant negative correlation was observed between the HAMD-24 scores in adolescents with depression with bilateral PWM NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr and were inversely linked to bilateral thalamic Cho/Cr and mI/Cr(P<0.05).In adolescents with depressions,MQ positively correlated with right PWH NAA/Cr,left PWH Cho/Cr,and bilateral thalamic Cho/Cr and mI/Cr.CONCLUSION PWM and thalamic metabolic abnormalities might influence teen depression,and the reduction in bilateral PWM NAA/Cr and Cho/Cr could be related to the neuropathology of adolescents with depression suffering from memory impairment.There exists a possibility of dysfunction of nerve cell membrane phospholipids in the thalami of adolescent patients with depression.

Linking Perceived Risk of Public Health Emergency to Psychological Distress among Chinese College Students: The Chain Mediation Role of Balanced Time Perspective and Negative Coping Styles

Background:With public health emergencies(PHE)worldwide increasing,the perceived risk of PHE has been one of the critical factors influencing college students’psychological distress.However,the mechanisms by which the perceived risk of PHE affects college students’psychological distress are not clear.The study’s purpose was to investigate the mediation roles of deviation from a balanced time perspective(DBTP)and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress.Methods:A convenience sampling method was used to survey 1054 Chinese college students with self-reporting.Data was collected using the Public Risk Perception Scale(PRPS),the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory(ZTPI),the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ),the PHE Anxiety Scale,and the Chinese version of the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ).The associations between the perceived risk of PHE,DBTP,negative coping styles,and psychological distress were clarified using the correlation analysis.Additionally,the mediating roles of DBTP and negative coping styles between the perceived risk of PHE and psychological distress were investigated using a structural equation model.Results:The findings revealed low to moderate correlations between the variables studied.Students’perceived risk of PHE was a positive predictor of their psychological distress(b=0.219,p<0.01).DBTP and negative coping styles played chain mediation roles between them with the effect being 0.009 and a 95%Boot CI of[0.003,0.023].This chain mediation model had an excellent fit index(χ^(2)/df=4.732,CFI=0.973,TLI=0.930,RMSEA=0.048,SRMR=0.047).Conclusion:These findings showed how the perceived risk of PHE affected college students’psychological distress.Specifically,these results suggested that improving students’mental ability to switch effectively among different time perspectives depending on task features and situational considerations and reducing their negative coping styles might be effective ways to promote their mental health.

Explosion of research on psychopathology and social media use after COVID-19:A scientometric study

BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on psychopathology and social media use,no comprehensive review has examined published papers on this type of research and considered how it was affected by the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak.AIM To explore the status of research on psychopathology and social media use before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.METHODS We used Bibliometrix(an R software package)to conduct a scientometric analysis of 4588 relevant studies drawn from the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,and Scopus databases.RESULTS Such research output was scarce before COVID-19,but exploded after the pandemic with the publication of a number of high-impact articles.Key authors and institutions,located primarily in developed countries,maintained their core positions,largely uninfluenced by COVID-19;however,research production and collaboration in developing countries increased significantly after COVID-19.Through the analysis of keywords,we identified commonly used methods in this field,together with specific populations,psychopathological conditions,and clinical treatments.Researchers have devoted increasing attention to gender differences in psychopathological states and linked COVID-19 strongly to depression,with depression detection becoming a new trend.Developments in research on psychopathology and social media use are unbalanced and uncoordinated across countries/regions,and more indepth clinical studies should be conducted in the future.CONCLUSION After COVID-19,there was an increased level of concern about mental health issues and a changing emphasis on social media use and the impact of public health emergencies.

Dissecting the association between gut microbiota,body mass index and specific depressive symptoms:a mediation Mendelian randomisation study

Background Observational studies highlight the association between gut microbiota(GM)composition and depression;however,evidence for the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms remains lacking.Aims We aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and specific depressive symptoms as well as the mediating role of body mass index(BMI).Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomisation(MR)analysis using genetic variants associated with GM and specific depressive symptoms from genome-wide association studies.The mediating role of BMI was subsequently explored using mediation analysis via two-step MR.Results MR evidence suggested the Bifidobacterium genus(β=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.02;p<0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.02;p<0.001 andβ=-0.03;95%CI-0.05 to-0.03;p=0.001)had protective effects on both anhedonia and depressed mood.The Actinobacteria phylum also had protective effects on appetite changes(β=-0.04;95%CI-0.06 to-0.01;p=0.005),while the FamilyⅪhad an antiprotective effect(β=0.03;95%CI 0.01 to 0.04;p<0.001).The Bifidobacteriaceae family(β=-0.01;95%CI-0.02 to-0.01;p=0.001)and Actinobacteria phylum(β=-0.02;95%CI-0.03 to-0.01;p=0.001)showed protective effects against suicidality.The two-step MR analysis revealed that BMl also acted as a mediating moderator between the Actinobacteria phylum and appetite changes(mediated proportion,34.42%)and that BMI partially mediated the effect of the Bifidobacterium genus(14.14%and 8.05%)and Actinobacteria phylum(13.10%and 8.31%)on both anhedonia and depressed mood.Conclusions These findings suggest a potential therapeutic effect of Actinobacteria and Bifidobacterium on both depression and obesity.Further studies are required to translate these findings into clinical practice.

Biological,pathological,and multifaceted therapeutic functions of exosomes to target cancer

Exosomes,small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body.It is considered a“double-edged sword”,and depending on its biological source,the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions.Also,the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source.Moreover,the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions.There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’cellular uptake to deliver their cargo to acceptor cells.Once the exosomal uptake takes place,it releases the intracellular particles that leads to activate the physiological response.Even though exosomes have lavish functions,there are some challenges associated with every step of their preparation to bring potential therapeutic efficacy.So,overcoming the pitfalls would give a desired quantity of exosomes with high purity.

Diminished functional segregation and resilience are associated with symptomatic severity and cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: a large-scale study

Background The research findings on the topological properties of functional connectomes(TP-FCs)in patients with schizophrenia(SZPs)exhibit inconsistencies and contradictions,which can be attributed to limitations such as small sample sizes and heterogeneous data processing techniques.Aims To address these limitations,we conducted a large-scale study.Uniformdata processing flows were employed to investigate the aberrant TP-FCs and the associations between TP-FCs and symptoms or cognitions(A-TP-SCs)in SZPs.Methods The large-scale study included six datasets from four sites,involving 497 SZPs and 374 healthy controls(HCs).A uniform process for imaging data preprocessing and functional connectivity matrix configuration was used.ComBat was employed for data harmonisation,and various TPs were calculated.We explored between-group differences in brain functional integration(Fl)and functional segregation(FS)measured with TP-FCs,and conducted partial correlation analyses,with adjustments for age,gender and educational level,to identify A-TP-SCs.Results Comparedwith randomnetworks and HCs,SZPs maintained small-worldness and global FI capacity despite their compromised global FS capacity and resilience.A decline in nodal Fl and FS capacity was observed in sensory areas,whereas an increase in nodal FI capacity was found in regions associated with cognition and information integration.In addition,associations between TP-FCs and positive symptoms,negative symptoms or cognitive functions including speed of processing,visual learning and the ability to inhibit cognitive interference were identified in SZPs.Conclusions The identified A-TP-SCs verified that reductions in FS and resilience indicated pathological impairments in schizophrenia.The A-TP-SCs or TP-FCs,which measured the same attributes of the functional connectomes,exhibited high internal consistency,robustly reinforcing these findings.

Examining the Hypothesis of Common Factors Shared by Different Addictive Behaviors and Gender Effects on Propensity to Addiction Type

Background: From the two facts reported by previous research: 1) frequent co-occurrence of more than one addictive behavior, 2) childhood adversities identified as origins of different types of addictive behaviors, it is assumed that all types of addictive behaviors, regardless of substance, behavioral, or relationship, share common factors which have not yet been proven by epidemiological research. The Shorter PROMIS Questionnaire (SPQ) was previously developed to assess 16 types of addictive behaviors. Its factor structure, however, has not been fully investigated. Confirming the factor structure will enable us to hypothesize the common factor(s) shared by all, or if not all, most types of addictive behaviors. Aims: This study aimed at 1) examining the factor structure of the SPQ, 2) confirming the reliability of the questionnaire, and 3) examining the impacts of gender and age on each addictive behavior. Methods: Data obtained from 232 Japanese adults who completed all items of the SPQ were used for the analyses. After confirming the one-factor structure model for each of the 16 subscales, the validity of the one-factor structure of the SPQ was evaluated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), by adapting 16 subscale scores as observed variables. If its validity was not confirmed, another model which showed better compatibility to the data was explored. The reliability of the SPQ as well as that of all 16 subscales was evaluated. Also, the impacts of gender and age on each subscale score were examined. Results: The one-factor structure for each of the 16 subscales was confirmed. The compatibility of the SPQ one-factor model was not acceptable. The best fit model was a bi-factor model in which one main factor was shared by all 16 subscales, and three factors were shared by some specific addictive behaviors. Male respondents were more likely than female respondents to show high scores in Alcohol, Tobacco, Gambling, Sex, and Recreational Drugs, and low scores only in Shopping. Respondents’ age did not impact any of the 16 subscale scores. Conclusion: It was demonstrated that there are common factors shared by all different types, as well as selected types of addictive behaviors, by conducting CFAs of the SPQ. Reliability was proven for the SPQ and for all 16 subscales. Male respondents were more likely to show physically hedonic addictive behaviors.

Circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the offspring of parents with bipolar disorder:a highrisk study in the Chinese population

Background Understanding the evolution of circadian rhythm dysfunction and psychopathology in the high-risk population has important implications for the prevention of bipolar disorder.Nevertheless,some of the previous studies on the emergence of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction among high-risk populations were inconsistent and limited.Aims To examine the prevalence rates of sleep and circadian dysfunctions,mental disorders and their symptoms in the offspring of parents with(O-BD)and without bipolar disorder(O-control).Methods The study included 191 O-BD and 202 O-control subjects aged 6-21 years from the Greater Bay Area,China.The diagnoses and symptoms of sleep/circadian rhythm and mental disorders were assessed by the Diagnostic Interview for Sleep Patterns and Disorders,and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version,respectively.Generalised estimating equations and shared frailty proportional hazards models of survival analysis were applied to compare the outcomes in the offspring.Results Adjusting for age,sex and region of recruitment,there was a significantly higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms(9.55%vs 2.58%,adjusted OR:4.04)in O-BD than in O-control.O-BD had a nearly fivefold higher risk of mood disorders(11.70%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:4.68)and social anxiety(6.28%vs 1.49%,adjusted OR:4.70),a fourfold higher risk of depressive disorders(11.17%vs 3.47%,adjusted OR:3.99)and a threefold higher risk of mood symptoms(20.74%vs 10.40%,adjusted OR:2.59)than O-control.Subgroup analysis revealed that O-BD children(aged under 12 years)had a nearly 2-fold higher risk of any mental and behavioural symptoms than O-control,while there was a nearly 4-fold higher risk of delayed sleep phase symptoms,a 7.5-fold higher risk of social anxiety and a 3-fold higher risk of mood symptoms in O-BD adolescents(aged 12 years and over).Conclusions There was an increase in delayed sleep phase symptoms in O-BD adolescents compared with their control counterparts,confirming the central role of circadian rhythm dysfunction in bipolar disorder.The findings of the specific age-related and stage-related developmental patterns of psychopathologies and circadian dysfunction in children and adolescent offspring of parents with bipolar disorder paved the way to develop specific and early clinical intervention and prevention strategies.

中英两国四肢瘫患者生活满意度、生活质量及心理状况比较

目的比较中英两国四肢瘫患者康复后的生活满意度、生活质量和心理状况的异同。方法调查 44名四肢瘫患者(中、英各 2 2名 ) ,对其生活满意度、生活质量评价及焦虑和抑郁情绪的调查数据进行统计分析。结果英国组患者对职业、经济状况及家庭生活的满意度高于中国组患者 ;对伤残后生活价值、自身生存意义的认识比中国组患者积极 ,情绪稳定性也明显好于中国组患者 ;而在总体生活满意度、生活自理、空闲生活、性生活、与伙伴的关系、与朋友等人的联络方面 ,以及伤残后的生活质量评价方面 ,两组患者无显著性差异。结论要提高四肢瘫患者的生活质量 。

自我聚焦对社交焦虑个体外部注意与状态焦虑的作用——来自眼动与生理指标的证据

为模拟真实的社会化场景,探究自我聚焦如何影响社交焦虑个体对外部社交反馈信息的注意与状态焦虑,采用演讲与自由观看任务,105名被试在实验室中面对屏幕进行即兴演讲,同时自由观看提前录制的包含12位听众的录像,听众分别表现出正性、中性和负性的反馈。研究中操纵被试的自我聚焦(高自我聚焦条件或低自我聚焦条件),采用眼动仪测量被试在演讲中对正性、中性和负性反馈的注意,并使用生理仪测量皮肤电和心率。结果显示,自我聚焦在整体上减少了高、低社交焦虑组对外部社交反馈信息的注意,高、低社交焦虑组的心率在高自我聚焦条件下均比低自我聚焦条件下快。研究结果表明,自我聚焦削弱了社交焦虑个体对外部刺激的注意加工。

注意缺陷与多动障碍学龄儿童焦虑、抑郁的共病情况以及比较患与未患有注意缺陷与多动障碍的学龄儿童其父母自我报告的注意缺陷与多动障碍、焦虑和抑郁症状（英文）

背景:在儿童中,注意缺陷与多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,ADHD)是一种常见的精神障碍,可能会持续到成人期,并且往往与多种精神疾病的共病相关。目标:评估患有ADHD的学龄儿童焦虑、抑郁的共病情况,以及ADHD儿童的ADHD症状、焦虑症状和抑郁症状的严重程度与其父母相应症状严重程度的相关性。方法:本研究在上海新华医院进行,经过两阶段的筛选入组患有ADHD和未患有ADHD的7-10岁儿童。高年资的临床医师采用学龄期儿童情感障碍与精神分裂症检查表(Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Aged Children,K-SADS-PL)诊断ADHD与其它符合DSM-IV诊断标准的疾病。每一个入组儿童的父亲或母亲完成三个自评量表:成人ADHD自评量表(ADHD Adult Self Report Scale,ASRS)、状态-特质焦虑问卷(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory,STAI)和Beck抑郁自评问卷(Beck Depression Inventory,BDI)。本研究共入组135名患有ADHD的儿童和65名未患有ADHD的儿童作对照组;94名患有ADHD的儿童的父母和63名未患ADHD的儿童的父母完成了针对家长的评估量表。结果:在135名ADHD儿童中,27%的儿童共病焦虑障碍,18%共病抑郁障碍,另外15%同时共病焦虑和抑郁障碍。ADHD儿童的母亲(不是父亲)与未患有的ADHD儿童母亲相比,有更严重的注意力缺陷症状、更严重的特质性焦虑症状以及更严重的抑郁症状。在ADHD儿童中,ADHD症状的严重程度与其父母的ADHD症状的严重程度之间无显著的相关性,但儿童的抑郁症状和焦虑症状与其父母的相应症状显著相关。结论:学龄期ADHD儿童常伴发焦虑、抑郁障碍。相较于未患有ADHD的儿童的父母,ADHD儿童的父母的自评ADHD症状更为常见。在患有ADHD的儿童父母中,母亲们自我报告的焦虑症状较父亲们更为严重。我们还需要开展随访研究来理清导致这一复杂的相互关系的遗传性、生物性和社会因素。