The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and ...The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and used as evaporators in seawater desalination.However,some evaporators need additional thermal insulation or water supply devices to achieve efficient photothermal conversion.In addition,their complex,time consuming and no scalable preparation process,high cost of raw materials and poor salt resistance hinder the practical application of these evaporator.Owing to its distinctive nanoporous structure,diatomite as fossilized single-cells algae diatoms is a promising natural silica-based material for seawater desalination.They are taken from sea and that makes true sense to use them in the sea.Herein,we report the first example of synthesis robust three-dimensional(3D)natural-diatomite composite by assembling polyaniline nanoparticles covered diatomite into the polyvinyl alcohol pre-treated melamine foam frameworks and demonstrate its application as new evaporator for seawater desalination.The porous framework does not only improve the sunlight scattering efficiency,but also offer large network of channels for water transportation.The inherent mechanism behind salt desalination process involves the absorption of water molecules on the surface of the internal silica micro-nano pores,and evaporation under the heat induced by the polyaniline absorbed sunlight.Meanwhile,the metal ions are segregated by many available pores and channels to achieve the self-desalting effect.The developed evaporator possesses the superiority of multi-stage pore structure,strong hydrophilicity,low thermal conductivity,excellent light absorption,fast water transportation and salt-resistant crystallization as well as good durability.The evaporation rate without an additional device is found to be 1.689 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-Sun irradiation,and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 95%.This work creates a platform and develops the prospect of employing green and sustainable natural-diatomite composite evaporator for practical applications of seawater desalination.展开更多
Sodium ion batteries have a huge potential for large-scale energy storage for the low cost and abundance of sodium resources. In this work, a novel structure of ultrafine polycrystalline TiO2 nanofibers is prepared on...Sodium ion batteries have a huge potential for large-scale energy storage for the low cost and abundance of sodium resources. In this work, a novel structure of ultrafine polycrystalline TiO2 nanofibers is prepared on nickel foam/carbon cloth by a simple vapor deposition method. The as-prepared TiO2 nanofibers show excellent performance when used as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Specifically, the TiO2 nanofibers@nickel foam electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 263.2 m Ahg^-1 at 0.2 C and maintains a considerable capacity of 144.2 m Ahg^-1 at 10 C. The TiO2 nanofibers@carbon cloth electrode also shows excellent high-rate capability, sustaining a capacity of 148 m Ahg^-1 after 20 0 0 cycles at 10 C. It is believed that the novel nanofibrous structure increases the contact area with the electrolyte and greatly shortens the sodium ion diffusion distance, and meanwhile, the polycrystalline nature of nanofibers exposes more intercalation sites for sodium storage. Furthermore, the density functional theory calculations exhibit strong ionic interactions between the exposed TiO2(101) facets and sodium ions, leading to a preferable sodiation/desodiation process. The unique structural features endow the TiO2 nanofibers electrodes great advantages in rapid sodium storage with an outstanding high-rate capability.展开更多
Electrospun nanofibers with designed or controlled structures have drawn much attention. In this study, we report an interesting new closed-loop structure in individual cerium nitrate/polyvinyl alcohol(Ce(NO3)3/PVA...Electrospun nanofibers with designed or controlled structures have drawn much attention. In this study, we report an interesting new closed-loop structure in individual cerium nitrate/polyvinyl alcohol(Ce(NO3)3/PVA) and Na Cl/PVA fibers,which are fabricated by electrospinning with a nail collector. The electrospinning parameters such as voltage and Ce(NO3)3(or Na Cl) concentration are examined for the formation of the closed-loop structure. The results suggest that the increase of the spinning voltage or addition of Ce(NO3)3(or Na Cl) is favorable for the formation of the closed-loop structure, and the increase of loop numbers and the decrease of loop size. Further analyses indicate that the formation mechanism of the closed-loop fibers can be predominantly attributed to the Coulomb repulsion in the charged jets.展开更多
Integrating functional nanomaterials on nonplanar organisms has emerged as a rising technology,while significant mismatch would cause interface failure and poor durability.Herein,we demonstrate a facile strategy to as...Integrating functional nanomaterials on nonplanar organisms has emerged as a rising technology,while significant mismatch would cause interface failure and poor durability.Herein,we demonstrate a facile strategy to assemble crystalline catecholate frameworks with honeycomb lattice on seaweed-derived polysaccharide microfibers,which is expected to form biomimetic connections and maintain durable stability.By physiological coagulation,well-aligned ZnO nanoarrays are tightly attached on alginate fibers,which is fractionally adopted as sacrifice for heteroepitaxial growth of zinc-catecholate frameworks(Zn3(HHTP)2).Benefiting from amplification effect of in-situ formed heterojunctions,promoted interfacial charge transfer is achieved,which allows for fabricating broadband photodetectors.Combined with high porosity for gas adsorption,the heteroepitaxial catecholate framework further enables its use as highly selective ppb-level triethylamine sensors.This work provides a promising strategy for heteroepitaxial growth of catecholate frameworks on organo-substrates and opens new applications in wearable sensor platform based on comfortable biofibers.展开更多
High-performance lithium ion batteries(LIBs) require electrode material to have an ideal electrode construction which provides fast ion transport, short solid-state ion diffusion, large surface area, and high electric...High-performance lithium ion batteries(LIBs) require electrode material to have an ideal electrode construction which provides fast ion transport, short solid-state ion diffusion, large surface area, and high electric conductivity. Herein, highly porous three-dimensional(3D)aerogels composed of cobalt ferrite(CoFe_2O_4, CFO) nanoparticles(NPs) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are prepared using sustainable alginate as the precursor. The key feature of this work is that by using the characteristic egg-box structure of the alginate, metal cations such as Co^(2+)and Fe^(3+) can be easily chelated via an ion-exchange process, thus binary CFO are expected to be prepared. In the hybrid aerogels, CFO NPs interconnected by the CNTs are embedded in carbon aerogel matrix, forming the 3D network which can provide high surface area, buffer the volume expansion and offer efficient ion and electron transport pathways for achieving high performance LIBs. The as-prepared hybrid aerogels with the optimum CNT content(20 wt%) delivers excellent electrochemical properties, i.e., reversible capacity of 1033 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and a high specific capacity of 874 mAh g^(-1) after 160 cycles at 1 A g^(-1). This work provides a facile and low cost route to fabricate high performance anodes for LIBs.展开更多
The carbon materials as anode electrodes have been widely studied for potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the large size of potassium ions prevents their intercalation/deintercalation,resulting in poor storage behav...The carbon materials as anode electrodes have been widely studied for potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the large size of potassium ions prevents their intercalation/deintercalation,resulting in poor storage behaviors.Herein,a novel design of N/S codoped hierarchical carbonaceous fibers(NSHCF)formed from nanosheets self-assembled by catalyzing Aspergillus niger with Sn is reported.The asprepared NSHCF at 600℃(NSHCF-600)exhibits a high reversible capacity of 345.4 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) after 100 cycles and an excellent rate performance of 124.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1).The excellent potassium storage performance can be ascribed to the N/S dual-doping,which enlarges interlayer spacing(0.404 nm)and introduces more defects.The larger interlayer spacing and higher pyridinic N active sites can promote K ions diffusion and storage.In addition,the ex situ transmission electron microscopy reveals the high reversibility of potassiation/depotassiation process and structural stability.展开更多
Adsorption state of catalyst on photoanode is an important factor on influencing the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS-PECs) for water splitting. Photoanode TiO2(1 + 2) was assembled with Ru...Adsorption state of catalyst on photoanode is an important factor on influencing the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS-PECs) for water splitting. Photoanode TiO2(1 + 2) was assembled with Ru(bpy)(3) phosphoric acid derivative (complex 1) as photosensitizer and complex 2 as water oxidation catalyst to compare with photoanode TiO2(1 + 3). The photocurrent density of photoanode TiO2(1 + 3) with catalyst 3 synthesized with only one end fixing on the surface of TiO2 is about four-fold of the photoanode assembled with catalyst 2 fixing with two claws on the surface of TiO2. The phenomenon should be caused by the littery arrangement and shorter distance of catalyst 2 from the active center of catalyst to TiO2 on the surface of semiconductor which led to lowly efficient electron transfer. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved展开更多
Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing unde...Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing under high temperature is the key work to investigate the thermal insulation of thermal protective clothing. A coupling model composed of thermal protective clothing,air gap and human skin is established and the temperature of the micro-system is numerically solved via the finite element method( FEM).Especially,the heat transfer of air gap located between clothing and human skin considering conduction and radiation is established while the human skin layers involve the effect of blood perfusion. Then the effect of thermophysical properties( thermal conductivity and volumetric capacity) of fabric and thickness of fabric and air on the thermal response of the micro-system is elucidated and compared.The results indicate that the volumetric heat capacity of fabric is the key parameter to affect the thermal shielding performance of thermal protective clothing,and the thicker fabric thickness and air gap thickness can improve the thermal protective properties of the micro-system.展开更多
Iron sulfide(FeS)nanoparticles(termed FSNs)have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost,and because they are environmentally friendly.However,issues of agglomer...Iron sulfide(FeS)nanoparticles(termed FSNs)have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost,and because they are environmentally friendly.However,issues of agglomeration,transformation,and the loss of active components limit their application.Therefore,this study investigates in situ synthesized FeS/carbon fibers with an Fecarrageenan biomass as a precursor and nontoxic sulfur source to ascertain the removal efficiency of the fibers.The enrichment of sulfate groups as well as the double-helix structure in i-carrageenan-Fe could effectively avoid the aggregation and loss of FSNs in practical applications.The obtained FeS/carbon fibers were used to control a Cr(Ⅵ)polluted solution,and exhibited a relatively high removal capacity(81.62 mg/g).T he main mechanisms included the reduction of FeS,electrostatic adsorption of carbon fibers,and Cr(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅲ)complexation reaction.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model both provided a good fit of the reaction process;hence,the removal process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption,specifically monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface.Furthermore,co-existing anions,column,and regeneration experiments indicated that the FeS/carbon fibers are a promising remediation material for practical application.展开更多
Irradiation cross-linking of flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate( FR-PET) fabric with the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate( TMPTA) was studied. Thermal gravimetric( TG) analysis,differential scanning ...Irradiation cross-linking of flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate( FR-PET) fabric with the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate( TMPTA) was studied. Thermal gravimetric( TG) analysis,differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM) were used to analyze the effects of irradiation crosslinking on structure and property of FR-PET fabric with TMPTA. The cross-linking was promoted by the introduced sensitizer. The gel content was 5.94% at the lower dose of 90 kGy and it arrived at the highest level of 13.01% with the increased doses. There were no melt drips of FR-PET fabric after irradiation cross-linking while the flame retardance disappeared at the time of combustion. The melting temperature of irradiated fabric decreased and TG analysis showed that the onset temperature of degradation of FR-PET fabric and the amount of nonvolatile residue at 800℃ increased as the irradiation dosage increased,but it changed a little compared with the pure FR-PFT fabric. SEM photographs showed that the residue char of irradiated PET fabrics after vertical test remained the intrinsic crossed structure,and the enlarged graph showed that the char was uniformly distributed and it was tight honeycombs structure.展开更多
The oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)play a crucial role in the electrochemical energy storage devices,such as fuel cell,metal-air batteries[1–3].However,their larger scale applications are hindered by the sluggish slo...The oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)play a crucial role in the electrochemical energy storage devices,such as fuel cell,metal-air batteries[1–3].However,their larger scale applications are hindered by the sluggish slow kinetics of the ORR.Up to now,platinum(Pt)-based catalysts are still known as the best展开更多
Traditional triethylamine(TEA)sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials.Herein,an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed b...Traditional triethylamine(TEA)sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials.Herein,an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed by utilizing interfacial energy barriers of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite.Benefiting from abundant slit-like pores,desirable defect features,and amplification effect of heterojunctions,the sensor based on Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite with 40%Bi_(2)O_(3)(0.4-Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3))demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time(1.7-fold/1.2-fold),higher response(2.1-fold),and lower power consumption(30℃-decrement)as compared with the pristine WO_(3) sensor.Furthermore,the composite sensor exhibits long-term stability,reproducibility,and negligible response towards interfering molecules,indicating the promising potential of Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions in anti-interference detection of low-concentration TEA in real applications.This work not only offers a rational solution to design advanced gas sensors by tuning the interfacial energy barriers of heterojunctions,but also provides a fundamental understanding of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3) structures in the gas-sensing field.展开更多
Concave nanostructures may be developed to improve the specific mass activity of a catalyst for formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation. In this work, we report the elctrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and formic ...Concave nanostructures may be developed to improve the specific mass activity of a catalyst for formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation. In this work, we report the elctrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and formic acid in acid medium over concave Pt-Cu-Fe ternary nanocubes(NCs), obtained by the galvanic exchange of Pt and Fe on Cu NCs. The concave Pt-Cu-Fe NCs exhibited improved electrooxidation performance contrasted to Pt-Cu NCs and purchased commercial Pt/C as demonstrated by their improved durability, lower onset potential, and more preferable anti-poisoning properties. These properties are believed to originate from the tailored concave structure of the catalyst and possible synergetic effects among the components of the Pt-Cu-Fe NCs.展开更多
Conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential for use as electronic skin and sensors.However,the loss of the inherent elasticity or conductivity in cold environments severely limi...Conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential for use as electronic skin and sensors.However,the loss of the inherent elasticity or conductivity in cold environments severely limits their working conditions.Generally,organic solvents or inorganic salts can be incorporated into hydrogels as cryoprotectants.However,their toxicity and/or corrosive nature as well as the significant water loss during the solvent exchange present serious difficulties.Herein,a liquid-like yet non-toxic polymer-polyethylene glycol(PEG) was attempted as one of the components of solvent for hydrogels.In the premixed PEG-water hybrid solvent,polyacrylamide(PAAm) was in situ polymerized,overcoming the inevitable water loss induced by the high osmotic pressure of the PEG solution and achieving tailored water capacity.Interestingly,the mechanical strength( "soft-to-rigid" transition) and anti-freezing properties of organohydrogels can be simultaneously tuned over a very wide range through adjusting PEG content.This was due to that with increasing PEG in solvent,the PAAm chains transformed from stretching to curling conformation,while PEG bonded with water molecules via hydrogen bonds,weakening the crystallization of water at subzero temperature.Additionally,a highly conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MXene was further introduced into the organohydrogels,achieving a uniform distribution triggered by the attractive interaction between the rich functional groups of the nanofillers and the polymer chains.The nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrate high electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity,along with a wide working temperature window.Such a material can be used for monitoring human joint movement even at low temperature and has potential applications in wearable strain sensors.展开更多
Sustainable light energy from ambient environment has attracted particular attention to meet the evergrowing need of small-scale electronics.The modulation of intercorrelated thermal and electronic transport is one of...Sustainable light energy from ambient environment has attracted particular attention to meet the evergrowing need of small-scale electronics.The modulation of intercorrelated thermal and electronic transport is one of the crucial aspects for reliable photothermoelectric electronics.Herein,a defectpromoted photothermoelectric effect is demonstrated in densely aligned ZnO nanorod array with rich lattice defects.The defect-rich ZnO device delivers high electrical conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient to enable significant improvement of photothermoelectric energy conversion and self-powered photodetection.The position sensitivity reaches approximately 0.19 mV mm^(-1),and the temperature gradient induced electric field makes up for the suppression in the photothermoelectric process.The synergism between intrinsic defects and extra temperature field plays an important role in promoting the photothermoelectric properties of dense ZnO nanorod array.This study is interesting for interpreting the thermo-phototronic phenomena as well as demonstrating the possibility of defect engineering and phonon engineering to enable highly efficient light energy scavenging and self-powered photodetection.展开更多
The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nan...The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(GO)could be quickly grafted onto the surface of the CF via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.The results showed that CNTs and GO were uniformly coated onto the CF surface,and the chemical activity and roughness of the modified CF surface were improved signif-icantly.The modified CF surface can significantly augment the interaction between the epoxy resin and the fiber.Remarkably,due to the good interfacial property,the impact performance of the composites re-inforced with the nanomaterial-modified CF was improved obviously.In addition,the interface properties of the composites are studied in depth.This method is expected to achieve rapid surface modification of carbon fiber.展开更多
The past decade has witnessed the booming developments of the new methodologies for noninvasive tumor treatment, which are considered to overcome the current limitation of low treating efficacy, high risk of tumor rec...The past decade has witnessed the booming developments of the new methodologies for noninvasive tumor treatment, which are considered to overcome the current limitation of low treating efficacy, high risk of tumor recurrence, and severe side effects. Among a variety of novel therapeutic methods, photothermal therapy, employing nanometer-sized agents as the heat generators under near-infrared(NIR) light irradiation to ablate tumors, gives new insights into noninvasive tumor treatments with minimal side effects. Although many nanomaterials possess photothermal effects, inorganic nanoparticles and polymers are the most competitive alternatives considering the high photothermal performance and good biocompatibility. In this review, we summarized the tumor photothermal therapy using the nanocomposites composed of inorganic nanoparticles and polymers. Extinction coefficient and photothermal transduction efficiency are the two main factors to evaluate the photothermal performance of nanocomposites in vitro. Considering the improvement in the stability,biocompatibility, blood circulation half-life, and tumor uptake rate after polymer coating, these nanocomposites should be designed with inorganic core and polymer shell, thus improving the tumor treating efficacy in vivo. Such structure fulfills the requirements of high photothermal performance and good bio-security, making it possible to achieve complete ablation for shallow and small tumors under the safe limitation of NIR laser power density.展开更多
Effective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater before their discharge into the environment is an ever pressing requirement. In this study, for the first time, simulated PAHs contaminate...Effective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater before their discharge into the environment is an ever pressing requirement. In this study, for the first time, simulated PAHs contaminated wastewater was photocatalytically remediated with graphene oxide (GO) enwrapped silver phosphate as visible light-driven photocatalysts. The GO/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and stability compared with pure Ag3PO4, g-C3N4 and TiO2 (P25). The degradation efficiency of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene could reach 49.7%, 100.0% and 77.9%, rspectively within 5 min irradiation. The apparent rate constants of photocatalytic degradation of 3 wt% GO/Ag3PO4 composRe photocatalyst were 0.14, 1.21 and 2.46 rain^-1 for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively. They were about 1.8, 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than that of pure Ag3PO4, and much higher than that of g-C3N4 and TiO2. Meanwhile, the efficiencies of 44.6%, 95.2% and 83.8% were achieved for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene degradation even after 5 times of recycling in the GO/Ag3POa-PAHs photocatalysis system. Reactive species of O2^- and h^+ were considered as the main partici- pants for oxidizing naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene.展开更多
基金the Qingdao Innovation Leading Talent Program,National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805124)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BEM020).
文摘The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and used as evaporators in seawater desalination.However,some evaporators need additional thermal insulation or water supply devices to achieve efficient photothermal conversion.In addition,their complex,time consuming and no scalable preparation process,high cost of raw materials and poor salt resistance hinder the practical application of these evaporator.Owing to its distinctive nanoporous structure,diatomite as fossilized single-cells algae diatoms is a promising natural silica-based material for seawater desalination.They are taken from sea and that makes true sense to use them in the sea.Herein,we report the first example of synthesis robust three-dimensional(3D)natural-diatomite composite by assembling polyaniline nanoparticles covered diatomite into the polyvinyl alcohol pre-treated melamine foam frameworks and demonstrate its application as new evaporator for seawater desalination.The porous framework does not only improve the sunlight scattering efficiency,but also offer large network of channels for water transportation.The inherent mechanism behind salt desalination process involves the absorption of water molecules on the surface of the internal silica micro-nano pores,and evaporation under the heat induced by the polyaniline absorbed sunlight.Meanwhile,the metal ions are segregated by many available pores and channels to achieve the self-desalting effect.The developed evaporator possesses the superiority of multi-stage pore structure,strong hydrophilicity,low thermal conductivity,excellent light absorption,fast water transportation and salt-resistant crystallization as well as good durability.The evaporation rate without an additional device is found to be 1.689 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-Sun irradiation,and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 95%.This work creates a platform and develops the prospect of employing green and sustainable natural-diatomite composite evaporator for practical applications of seawater desalination.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51672210 , 21875183)the National Program for Support of Top-notch Young Professionals
文摘Sodium ion batteries have a huge potential for large-scale energy storage for the low cost and abundance of sodium resources. In this work, a novel structure of ultrafine polycrystalline TiO2 nanofibers is prepared on nickel foam/carbon cloth by a simple vapor deposition method. The as-prepared TiO2 nanofibers show excellent performance when used as anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Specifically, the TiO2 nanofibers@nickel foam electrode delivers a high reversible capacity of 263.2 m Ahg^-1 at 0.2 C and maintains a considerable capacity of 144.2 m Ahg^-1 at 10 C. The TiO2 nanofibers@carbon cloth electrode also shows excellent high-rate capability, sustaining a capacity of 148 m Ahg^-1 after 20 0 0 cycles at 10 C. It is believed that the novel nanofibrous structure increases the contact area with the electrolyte and greatly shortens the sodium ion diffusion distance, and meanwhile, the polycrystalline nature of nanofibers exposes more intercalation sites for sodium storage. Furthermore, the density functional theory calculations exhibit strong ionic interactions between the exposed TiO2(101) facets and sodium ions, leading to a preferable sodiation/desodiation process. The unique structural features endow the TiO2 nanofibers electrodes great advantages in rapid sodium storage with an outstanding high-rate capability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51373082 and 11404181)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(Grant No.ts20120528)the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Qingdao City,China
文摘Electrospun nanofibers with designed or controlled structures have drawn much attention. In this study, we report an interesting new closed-loop structure in individual cerium nitrate/polyvinyl alcohol(Ce(NO3)3/PVA) and Na Cl/PVA fibers,which are fabricated by electrospinning with a nail collector. The electrospinning parameters such as voltage and Ce(NO3)3(or Na Cl) concentration are examined for the formation of the closed-loop structure. The results suggest that the increase of the spinning voltage or addition of Ce(NO3)3(or Na Cl) is favorable for the formation of the closed-loop structure, and the increase of loop numbers and the decrease of loop size. Further analyses indicate that the formation mechanism of the closed-loop fibers can be predominantly attributed to the Coulomb repulsion in the charged jets.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973099)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(Nos.tsqn201812055 and tspd20181208)the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(Nos.ZKT04 and GZRC202007).
文摘Integrating functional nanomaterials on nonplanar organisms has emerged as a rising technology,while significant mismatch would cause interface failure and poor durability.Herein,we demonstrate a facile strategy to assemble crystalline catecholate frameworks with honeycomb lattice on seaweed-derived polysaccharide microfibers,which is expected to form biomimetic connections and maintain durable stability.By physiological coagulation,well-aligned ZnO nanoarrays are tightly attached on alginate fibers,which is fractionally adopted as sacrifice for heteroepitaxial growth of zinc-catecholate frameworks(Zn3(HHTP)2).Benefiting from amplification effect of in-situ formed heterojunctions,promoted interfacial charge transfer is achieved,which allows for fabricating broadband photodetectors.Combined with high porosity for gas adsorption,the heteroepitaxial catecholate framework further enables its use as highly selective ppb-level triethylamine sensors.This work provides a promising strategy for heteroepitaxial growth of catecholate frameworks on organo-substrates and opens new applications in wearable sensor platform based on comfortable biofibers.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51473081 and 51503109)Research award fund for outstanding young scientists in Shandong province (Grant no. BS2014CL006)Qingdao Applied Basic Research Project(16-5-1-85-jch)
文摘High-performance lithium ion batteries(LIBs) require electrode material to have an ideal electrode construction which provides fast ion transport, short solid-state ion diffusion, large surface area, and high electric conductivity. Herein, highly porous three-dimensional(3D)aerogels composed of cobalt ferrite(CoFe_2O_4, CFO) nanoparticles(NPs) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) are prepared using sustainable alginate as the precursor. The key feature of this work is that by using the characteristic egg-box structure of the alginate, metal cations such as Co^(2+)and Fe^(3+) can be easily chelated via an ion-exchange process, thus binary CFO are expected to be prepared. In the hybrid aerogels, CFO NPs interconnected by the CNTs are embedded in carbon aerogel matrix, forming the 3D network which can provide high surface area, buffer the volume expansion and offer efficient ion and electron transport pathways for achieving high performance LIBs. The as-prepared hybrid aerogels with the optimum CNT content(20 wt%) delivers excellent electrochemical properties, i.e., reversible capacity of 1033 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) and a high specific capacity of 874 mAh g^(-1) after 160 cycles at 1 A g^(-1). This work provides a facile and low cost route to fabricate high performance anodes for LIBs.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC Grant No.21571080)the Project 2019JLP-04 supported by Joint Foundation of ShaanxiXi’an Science and Technology Project of China(201805037YD15CG21(20))。
文摘The carbon materials as anode electrodes have been widely studied for potassium ion batteries(PIBs).However,the large size of potassium ions prevents their intercalation/deintercalation,resulting in poor storage behaviors.Herein,a novel design of N/S codoped hierarchical carbonaceous fibers(NSHCF)formed from nanosheets self-assembled by catalyzing Aspergillus niger with Sn is reported.The asprepared NSHCF at 600℃(NSHCF-600)exhibits a high reversible capacity of 345.4 m Ah g^(-1) at 0.1 A g^(-1) after 100 cycles and an excellent rate performance of 124.5 m Ah g^(-1) at 2 A g^(-1).The excellent potassium storage performance can be ascribed to the N/S dual-doping,which enlarges interlayer spacing(0.404 nm)and introduces more defects.The larger interlayer spacing and higher pyridinic N active sites can promote K ions diffusion and storage.In addition,the ex situ transmission electron microscopy reveals the high reversibility of potassiation/depotassiation process and structural stability.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(2014CB23940)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20923006,21120102036,91233201 and 21573033)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant number DUT13RC(3)103,DUT15LK08)the China Postdoctoral Foundation 2015M582157the State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals(KF1513)the Basic Research Project of Key Laboratory of Liaoning(LZ2015015)
文摘Adsorption state of catalyst on photoanode is an important factor on influencing the performance of dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DS-PECs) for water splitting. Photoanode TiO2(1 + 2) was assembled with Ru(bpy)(3) phosphoric acid derivative (complex 1) as photosensitizer and complex 2 as water oxidation catalyst to compare with photoanode TiO2(1 + 3). The photocurrent density of photoanode TiO2(1 + 3) with catalyst 3 synthesized with only one end fixing on the surface of TiO2 is about four-fold of the photoanode assembled with catalyst 2 fixing with two claws on the surface of TiO2. The phenomenon should be caused by the littery arrangement and shorter distance of catalyst 2 from the active center of catalyst to TiO2 on the surface of semiconductor which led to lowly efficient electron transfer. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51306095,51273097,51403112)China Postdoctoral Science Foundations(Nos.2014M561887,2015T80697)+1 种基金Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Funded Project,China(No.14-2-4-1-JCH)Qingdao Application Basic Research Funded Project,China(No.15-9-1-41-JCH)
文摘Thermal protective clothing has been recognized as the primary shielding against emergency fire hazard and inflammable gas leakage. Therefore,the thermal response of human covered with thermal protective clothing under high temperature is the key work to investigate the thermal insulation of thermal protective clothing. A coupling model composed of thermal protective clothing,air gap and human skin is established and the temperature of the micro-system is numerically solved via the finite element method( FEM).Especially,the heat transfer of air gap located between clothing and human skin considering conduction and radiation is established while the human skin layers involve the effect of blood perfusion. Then the effect of thermophysical properties( thermal conductivity and volumetric capacity) of fabric and thickness of fabric and air on the thermal response of the micro-system is elucidated and compared.The results indicate that the volumetric heat capacity of fabric is the key parameter to affect the thermal shielding performance of thermal protective clothing,and the thicker fabric thickness and air gap thickness can improve the thermal protective properties of the micro-system.
基金This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51672143 and 51808303)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2019BEE027 and ZR2018BEM002)+1 种基金Applied Basic Research of Qingdao City(Special Youth Project)(Nos.19-6-2-74-cg and 19-6-2-83-cg)Outstanding Youth of Natural Science in Shandong Province(No.JQ201713),and Taishan Scholars Program.
文摘Iron sulfide(FeS)nanoparticles(termed FSNs)have attracted much attention for the removal of pollutants due to their high efficiency and low cost,and because they are environmentally friendly.However,issues of agglomeration,transformation,and the loss of active components limit their application.Therefore,this study investigates in situ synthesized FeS/carbon fibers with an Fecarrageenan biomass as a precursor and nontoxic sulfur source to ascertain the removal efficiency of the fibers.The enrichment of sulfate groups as well as the double-helix structure in i-carrageenan-Fe could effectively avoid the aggregation and loss of FSNs in practical applications.The obtained FeS/carbon fibers were used to control a Cr(Ⅵ)polluted solution,and exhibited a relatively high removal capacity(81.62 mg/g).T he main mechanisms included the reduction of FeS,electrostatic adsorption of carbon fibers,and Cr(Ⅲ)-Fe(Ⅲ)complexation reaction.The pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption model both provided a good fit of the reaction process;hence,the removal process was mainly controlled by chemical adsorption,specifically monolayer adsorption on a uniform surface.Furthermore,co-existing anions,column,and regeneration experiments indicated that the FeS/carbon fibers are a promising remediation material for practical application.
基金National Natural Science Foundations of China(Nos.51403112,51273097,51306095)Qingdao Postdoctoral Application Research Funded Project,China(No.2015132)Program for Scientific Research Innovation Team in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province,China
文摘Irradiation cross-linking of flame-retardant polyethylene terephthalate( FR-PET) fabric with the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate( TMPTA) was studied. Thermal gravimetric( TG) analysis,differential scanning calorimetry( DSC) and scanning electron microscopy( SEM) were used to analyze the effects of irradiation crosslinking on structure and property of FR-PET fabric with TMPTA. The cross-linking was promoted by the introduced sensitizer. The gel content was 5.94% at the lower dose of 90 kGy and it arrived at the highest level of 13.01% with the increased doses. There were no melt drips of FR-PET fabric after irradiation cross-linking while the flame retardance disappeared at the time of combustion. The melting temperature of irradiated fabric decreased and TG analysis showed that the onset temperature of degradation of FR-PET fabric and the amount of nonvolatile residue at 800℃ increased as the irradiation dosage increased,but it changed a little compared with the pure FR-PFT fabric. SEM photographs showed that the residue char of irradiated PET fabrics after vertical test remained the intrinsic crossed structure,and the enlarged graph showed that the char was uniformly distributed and it was tight honeycombs structure.
基金supported by Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201812055,tspd20181208)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973099)+2 种基金the Central Government Guiding Funds for Local Science and Technology Development(Z135050009017,2022ZY015)the Open Laboratory of State Key Laboratory of Organic and Inorganic Composites(oic-202301006)the Youth Innovation Team Project of Shandong Province,China(2021KJ018)。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51473081 and 51672143)Outstanding Youth of Natural Science in Shandong Province(JQ201713)Taishan Scholars Program
文摘The oxygen reduction reactions(ORR)play a crucial role in the electrochemical energy storage devices,such as fuel cell,metal-air batteries[1–3].However,their larger scale applications are hindered by the sluggish slow kinetics of the ORR.Up to now,platinum(Pt)-based catalysts are still known as the best
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51973099)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201812055)+1 种基金Qingdao Science and Technology Plan Key Research and Development Special Project(No.21-1-2-17-xx)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(Nos.ZKT04 and GZRC202007).
文摘Traditional triethylamine(TEA)sensors suffer from the drawback of serious cross-sensitivity due to the low charge-transfer ability of gas-sensing materials.Herein,an advanced anti-interference TEA sensor is designed by utilizing interfacial energy barriers of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite.Benefiting from abundant slit-like pores,desirable defect features,and amplification effect of heterojunctions,the sensor based on Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) composite with 40%Bi_(2)O_(3)(0.4-Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3))demonstrates remarkable performance in terms of faster response/recovery time(1.7-fold/1.2-fold),higher response(2.1-fold),and lower power consumption(30℃-decrement)as compared with the pristine WO_(3) sensor.Furthermore,the composite sensor exhibits long-term stability,reproducibility,and negligible response towards interfering molecules,indicating the promising potential of Bi_(2)O_(3)/WO_(3) heterojunctions in anti-interference detection of low-concentration TEA in real applications.This work not only offers a rational solution to design advanced gas sensors by tuning the interfacial energy barriers of heterojunctions,but also provides a fundamental understanding of hierarchical Bi_(2)O_(3) structures in the gas-sensing field.
文摘Concave nanostructures may be developed to improve the specific mass activity of a catalyst for formic acid and methanol electro-oxidation. In this work, we report the elctrocatalytic oxidation of methanol and formic acid in acid medium over concave Pt-Cu-Fe ternary nanocubes(NCs), obtained by the galvanic exchange of Pt and Fe on Cu NCs. The concave Pt-Cu-Fe NCs exhibited improved electrooxidation performance contrasted to Pt-Cu NCs and purchased commercial Pt/C as demonstrated by their improved durability, lower onset potential, and more preferable anti-poisoning properties. These properties are believed to originate from the tailored concave structure of the catalyst and possible synergetic effects among the components of the Pt-Cu-Fe NCs.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51803101 and52003131)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos. ZR2019BEM005 and ZR2019BEM026)+4 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2021T140352)State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University, Nos. ZKT14, ZKT32,GZRC202016, ZFZ201805)Project of Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. QJRZ1904)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (No. IRT_14R30)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province (No. tspd20181208)。
文摘Conductive hydrogels have attracted considerable attention owing to their potential for use as electronic skin and sensors.However,the loss of the inherent elasticity or conductivity in cold environments severely limits their working conditions.Generally,organic solvents or inorganic salts can be incorporated into hydrogels as cryoprotectants.However,their toxicity and/or corrosive nature as well as the significant water loss during the solvent exchange present serious difficulties.Herein,a liquid-like yet non-toxic polymer-polyethylene glycol(PEG) was attempted as one of the components of solvent for hydrogels.In the premixed PEG-water hybrid solvent,polyacrylamide(PAAm) was in situ polymerized,overcoming the inevitable water loss induced by the high osmotic pressure of the PEG solution and achieving tailored water capacity.Interestingly,the mechanical strength( "soft-to-rigid" transition) and anti-freezing properties of organohydrogels can be simultaneously tuned over a very wide range through adjusting PEG content.This was due to that with increasing PEG in solvent,the PAAm chains transformed from stretching to curling conformation,while PEG bonded with water molecules via hydrogen bonds,weakening the crystallization of water at subzero temperature.Additionally,a highly conductive Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)-MXene was further introduced into the organohydrogels,achieving a uniform distribution triggered by the attractive interaction between the rich functional groups of the nanofillers and the polymer chains.The nanocomposite hydrogels demonstrate high electrical conductivity and strain sensitivity,along with a wide working temperature window.Such a material can be used for monitoring human joint movement even at low temperature and has potential applications in wearable strain sensors.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51973099,21761029)Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn201812055)+3 种基金First Division Alar Science and Technology Plan Project in Xinjiang Corps(2019GJJ04)the State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles(Qingdao University)(Nos.ZKT04,GZRC202007)the Dean Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Resource Processing and Process Intensification Technology(No.2017K005)Training Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Xinjiang Corps,and the Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(CRUZD2003).
文摘Sustainable light energy from ambient environment has attracted particular attention to meet the evergrowing need of small-scale electronics.The modulation of intercorrelated thermal and electronic transport is one of the crucial aspects for reliable photothermoelectric electronics.Herein,a defectpromoted photothermoelectric effect is demonstrated in densely aligned ZnO nanorod array with rich lattice defects.The defect-rich ZnO device delivers high electrical conductivity and large Seebeck coefficient to enable significant improvement of photothermoelectric energy conversion and self-powered photodetection.The position sensitivity reaches approximately 0.19 mV mm^(-1),and the temperature gradient induced electric field makes up for the suppression in the photothermoelectric process.The synergism between intrinsic defects and extra temperature field plays an important role in promoting the photothermoelectric properties of dense ZnO nanorod array.This study is interesting for interpreting the thermo-phototronic phenomena as well as demonstrating the possibility of defect engineering and phonon engineering to enable highly efficient light energy scavenging and self-powered photodetection.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22273042 and 52003131)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (ZR2023YQ042)+1 种基金Taishan Scholar Program of Shandong Province in China (tsqn202211116)the Youth Innovation Science and Technology Plan of Shandong Province (2020KJA013)。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52072193 and U22A20131)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.ZR2021JQ16 and ZR2019YQ19)+2 种基金the Project of Shan-dong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2019KJA026)the State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials(Grant No.KF2217)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing(Grant No.AMGM2021F11).
文摘The interfacial property of carbon fiber(CF)reinforced composites is crucial to facilitate the application of high-strength composites.Utilizing the electrostatic and hydrogen bond properties of diazo resin,carbon nanotubes(CNTs)and graphene oxide(GO)could be quickly grafted onto the surface of the CF via the layer-by-layer self-assembly technique.The results showed that CNTs and GO were uniformly coated onto the CF surface,and the chemical activity and roughness of the modified CF surface were improved signif-icantly.The modified CF surface can significantly augment the interaction between the epoxy resin and the fiber.Remarkably,due to the good interfacial property,the impact performance of the composites re-inforced with the nanomaterial-modified CF was improved obviously.In addition,the interface properties of the composites are studied in depth.This method is expected to achieve rapid surface modification of carbon fiber.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21374042 and 51425303)JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team 2017TD-06the Special Project from MOST of China
文摘The past decade has witnessed the booming developments of the new methodologies for noninvasive tumor treatment, which are considered to overcome the current limitation of low treating efficacy, high risk of tumor recurrence, and severe side effects. Among a variety of novel therapeutic methods, photothermal therapy, employing nanometer-sized agents as the heat generators under near-infrared(NIR) light irradiation to ablate tumors, gives new insights into noninvasive tumor treatments with minimal side effects. Although many nanomaterials possess photothermal effects, inorganic nanoparticles and polymers are the most competitive alternatives considering the high photothermal performance and good biocompatibility. In this review, we summarized the tumor photothermal therapy using the nanocomposites composed of inorganic nanoparticles and polymers. Extinction coefficient and photothermal transduction efficiency are the two main factors to evaluate the photothermal performance of nanocomposites in vitro. Considering the improvement in the stability,biocompatibility, blood circulation half-life, and tumor uptake rate after polymer coating, these nanocomposites should be designed with inorganic core and polymer shell, thus improving the tumor treating efficacy in vivo. Such structure fulfills the requirements of high photothermal performance and good bio-security, making it possible to achieve complete ablation for shallow and small tumors under the safe limitation of NIR laser power density.
文摘Effective removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from wastewater before their discharge into the environment is an ever pressing requirement. In this study, for the first time, simulated PAHs contaminated wastewater was photocatalytically remediated with graphene oxide (GO) enwrapped silver phosphate as visible light-driven photocatalysts. The GO/Ag3PO4 photocatalysts exhibited superior photocatalytic activity and stability compared with pure Ag3PO4, g-C3N4 and TiO2 (P25). The degradation efficiency of naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene could reach 49.7%, 100.0% and 77.9%, rspectively within 5 min irradiation. The apparent rate constants of photocatalytic degradation of 3 wt% GO/Ag3PO4 composRe photocatalyst were 0.14, 1.21 and 2.46 rain^-1 for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene, respectively. They were about 1.8, 1.5 and 2.0 times higher than that of pure Ag3PO4, and much higher than that of g-C3N4 and TiO2. Meanwhile, the efficiencies of 44.6%, 95.2% and 83.8% were achieved for naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene degradation even after 5 times of recycling in the GO/Ag3POa-PAHs photocatalysis system. Reactive species of O2^- and h^+ were considered as the main partici- pants for oxidizing naphthalene, phenanthrene and pyrene.