Development of active packaging films utilized natural colorants derived from plants and their diverse applications in protein-rich food products

With the increasing demand for environmentally friendly,safe,preservative and intelligent food packaging,there is a growing trend towards using plant-derived natural colorants that posses green,non-toxic,antioxidant,antibacterial,and pH-sensitive properties.As a result,the development of active intelligent packaging films containing plant-derived natural colorants has become a research priority in the realm of food packaging.As a novel packaging approach,it can serve as an active and intelligent packaging system to prolong shelf life and monitor food quality.On the basis of introducing several widely used natural colorants derived from plants,this review examines the preparation,structural characterization,physical properties,and functional aspects of these plant-derived pigments.The preparation procedures of various film forming substrates and natural pigment based films are also comprehensively discussed.Furthermore,the utilization of natural pigment-based films as active and intelligent packaging materials in food is discussed in depth,providing valuable insights into the future development of this cuttingedge research area.

Sensory-directed flavor analysis of key odorants compounds development of French fries and oils in the break-in,optimum and degrading frying stage

The flavor is a decisive sensory characteristic that determines the popularity of French fries(FFs).During high-oleic rapeseed oil(RO)frying,the flavor development of FFs showed three noticeable stages including break-in(3.5%-7.5%of total polar compounds(TPC)),optimum(7.5%-22.18%of TPC),and degrading stages(above 22.18%of TPC).Further,in order to distinguish the key aroma compounds in each stage,the FFs prepared in RO at TPC of 3.5%(FF4),14.5%(FF15),and 26.96%(FF27)and their relevant oils(RO4,RO15,RO27)were selected for sensory-directed analysis.The results revealed that the FF4 had low contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal(deep-fried odor)which also caused lower sensory score in FF4 sample.The higher contents of(E,E)-2,4-decadienal in FF15 induced its higher deep-fried odor.The FF27 had higher hexanoic acid(sweaty odor),heptanoic acid,nonanoic acid,benzene acetaldehyde(stale odor),and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal(metallic odor)compared with FF4 and FF15,thus leading to the undesirable flavor of FF27.Moreover,the decrease of 2,5-dimethylpyrazine and 2-ethyl-6-methyl-pyrazine in FF27 induced the lower roasty flavor,which may also lead to the decline of the sensory score.Similarly,the higher contents of(E)-2-undecenal,hexanoic acid,heptanoic acid,and nonanoic acid in RO27 lead to increase its rancid score and thus lower the sensory score.

Metabolomics and gene expression levels reveal the positive effects of teaseed oil on lifespan and aging process in Caenorhabditis elegans

As an irreplaceable dietary constituent,lipids play a vital important role in health,but their effects on aging process and longevity are still not well known yet.In this paper,the metabolic profiling and gene expression levels of Caenorhabditis elegans were investigated to explore the effects of different edible oils on senescence and lifespan.The results showed that teaseed oil(TO)could prolong the life expectancy and slow down the aging process of C.elegans.Compared to the control group,the intake of lard oil(LO)and TO increased the expression levels of genes related to inhibition of protein aggregation(akt-1,daf-16,hsf-1,hsp-16.2)and lipid metabolism(daf-7,daf-1,mdt-15,lipl-4,fat-5,fat-6,fat-7),with a more significant alteration in TO group.Metabolomics revealed that palm oil can upregulated plenty of fatty acids(palmitic acid,stearic acid,tetracosanoic acid),together with some amino acids(tryptophan,L-aspartate,L-valine)and carbohydrate(D-glucose),while the trend was opposite in TO group.Besides,moderate-to-strong correlations were found between differential metabolites and changed genes.In general,this paper claimed that TO could prolong lifespan and slow down aging process via regulating the lipids,amino acids and carbohydrates metabolism.

Use of two-stage dough mixing process in improving water distribution of dough and qualities of bread made from wheat–potato flour

The two-stage dough mixing process was innovated to improve the qualities of bread made from potato flour(PF) and wheat flour at a ratio of 1:1(w/w). The final dough was first prepared from wheat flour before being added with PF. The effects of the method on enhancing the dough qualities were verified, and the distribution of water in gluten-gelatinized starch matrix of the doughs was investigated. We observed that the bread qualities were improved, as reflected by the increase of specific volume from 2.26 to 2.96 m L g^–1 and the decrease of crumb hardness from 417.93 to 255.57 g. The results from rheofermentometric measurements showed that the dough mixed using the developed mixing method had higher maximum dough height value, time of dough porosity appearance, and gas retention coefficient, as well as enhanced gluten matrix formation compared to that mixed by the traditional mixing method. The results from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance confirmed that the competitive water absorption between gluten and gelatinized starch could restrict the formation of gluten network in the dough mixed using the traditional mixing process. Using the novel mixing method, gluten could be sufficiently hydrated in stage 1, which could then weaken the competitive water absorption caused by gelatinized starch in stage 2;this could also be indicated by the greater mobility of proton in PF and better development of gluten network during mixing.

A Review of the Design and Architecture of Starch-Based Dietary Foods

Carbohydrates,which are mostly present in sugar,starch,and fiber,are one of the main ingredients of food and the primary source of energy in the human diet.Among these three main sources,starch stands out as one of the most abundant reserves of carbohydrates.Investigating starch would not only enhance our understanding of the functionality of starch in the human body but also aid in the design of novel starch-based dietary foods.The present review first provides a state-of-the-art understanding of the various classifications of dietary starches,including rapidly digesting starch(RDS),slowly digesting starch(SDS),and resistant starch(RS).Moreover,both the in vivo and in vitro determination methods of the digestibility of starch-based dietary foods are discussed.Based on the current understanding,present research strategies to design novel starch-based dietary foods through either the direct addition of modified starch or the alteration of processing conditions are highlighted.Furthermore,certain perspectives related to the future research directions of starch-based foods are also included.

Aldehyde oxidase mediated enantioselective metabolic health risk of dinotefuran

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health risks.In this study,the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran(DIN)and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically investigated.Firstly,reversedphase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity,revealing a lower elimination rate constant(K_(e))of S-DIN(0.730 h^(-1))than R-DIN(0.746 h^(-1)).Secondly,the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules,such as aldehyde oxidase(AOX)and neurotransmitters,was revealed.The DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of S-configuration.Meanwhile,the endogenous tryptophan(Trp)aldehyde metabolic intermediate,5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde(5-HIAL),provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction via the oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX,resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine.Thirdly,the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis via the serotonergic pathway,where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers,oxidized triglyceride(OxTG)and oxidized sphingomyelin(OxSM).This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN,providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review

Human milk fat(HMF)is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants.Triacylglycerols(TAGs)account for about 98%of HMF and have a unique molecular structure.HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid(PA)at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone(more than 70%)and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position.The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth.Sn-2 palmitate(mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol)is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF.In this review,the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized,with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting.Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis,to general methods of TAG analysis,and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market.Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.

Real-time in situ observation of P53-mediated cascade activation of apoptotic pathways with nucleic acid multicolor fluorescent probes based on symmetrical gold nanostars

T-2 toxin,one of the most dangerous natural pollutants,induces apoptosis through multiple pathways.Amongst,P53 mediated apoptosis pathway,an important collection of molecules,plays a key role in cell vital activity.Real-time monitoring of upstream and downstream activation relationships of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and cytochrome c(Cyt c)in signaling pathways is of great significance for understanding the apoptotic machinery in human physiology.In this work,a novel nucleic acid multicolor fluorescent probe,based on silica-coated symmetric gold nanostars(S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)),was developed for highly sensitive in situ real-time imaging of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and Cyt c during T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis.The nucleic acid chains modified with carboxyl groups were modified on the surface of S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)by amide reaction.The complementary chains of targeted mRNA and the aptamer of targeted Cyt c were modified with different fluorophores,respectively,and successfully hybridized on S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)surface.When targets were present,the fluorescent chains bound to the targets and detached from the material,resulting in the quenched fluorescence being revived.The probes based on S-AuNSs showed excellent performance is partly ascribed to the presence of 20 symmetric“hot spots”.Notably,the amide-bonded probe exhibited excellent anti-interference capability against biological agents(nucleases and biothiols).During the real-time fluorescence imaging of T-2 toxin-induced apoptosis,the corresponding fluorescence signals of P53 mRNA,Bax mRNA,and Cyt c were observed sequentially.Therefore,S-AuNSs@SiO_(2)probe not only provides a novel tool for real-time monitoring of apoptosis pathways cascade but also has considerable potential in disease diagnosis and pharmaceutical medical.

Highly efficient visible photocatalytic disinfection and degradation performances of microtubular nanoporous g-C3N4 via hierarchical construction and defects engineering

Herein,microtubular nanoporous g-C3N4(TPCN)with hierarchical structure and nitrogen defects was prepared via a facile self-templating approach.On one hand,the hexagonal tubular structure can facilitate the light reflection/scattering,provide internal/external active sites,and endow the electron with oriented transfer channels.The well-developed nanoporosity can result in large specific surface area and abundant accessible channels for charge migration.On the other hand,the existence of nitrogen vacancies can improve the light harvesting(>450 nm)and prompt charge separation by acting as the shallow charge traps.More NHxgroups in g-C3N4 framework can promote the interlayer charge transport by generating hydrogen-bonding interaction between C3N4 layers.Therefore,TPCN possessed highly efficient visible photocatalytic performances to effectively inactivate Escherichia coli(E.coli)cells and thoroughly mineralize organic pollutants.TPCN with the optimum bactericidal efficiency can completely inactivated5×10^6 cfu mL^-1 of E.coli cells after 4 h of irradiation treatment,while about 74.4%of E.coli cells were killed by bulk g-C3N4(BCN).Meanwhile,the photodegradation rate of TPCN towards methylene blue,amaranth,and bisphenol A were almost 3.1,2.5 and 1.6 times as fast as those of BCN.Furthermore,h^+and·O2^- were the reactive species in the photocatalytic process of TPCN system.

Effects of extrusion and enzymatic debranching on the structural characteristics and digestibility of corn and potato starches

Amylose content has a profound impact on the contents of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.Enzymatic debranching is a safe method to increase the amylose content,however,the lower substrate concentration and high viscosity of fully gelatinized starch limit the efficiency and yield of this method.This paper aims to explore the effects of extrusion and enzymatic debranching on increasing the amylose content thereby increasing slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents.Different starch concentrations (10%,15%,and 20%) of extruded corn starch (ECS) and extruded potato starch (EPS) were used to debranch.Both debranched ECS and debranched EPS showed high amylose content of approximately 90%,indicating that all samples with different starch concentrations achieved high-efficiency enzymatic debranching.The high-performance liquid chromatograph results indicated that the samples were mainly short amylose.The samples exhibit a typical B-type crystalline structure and the relative crystallinity of them exceeds 37%.The short amylose exhibited rapid rearrangement ability,with the gelatinization temperature range of rescanning determined as 80–125℃,this will facilitate the formation of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.The slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents of the samples (debranched ECS and debranched EPS) were between 23% and 30% and between 31% and 37%,respectively.These results indicate that the extrusion and enzymatic debranching of a high substrate concentration can efficiently increase the amylose content,thereby significantly reducing the digestibility of starch,and has broad prospects of the actual production of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch.

Key chemical composition of walnut(Juglans regia.L)Oils generated with different processing methods and their cholesterol-lowering effects in HepG2 cells

We systematically evaluated fatty acids and triacylglycerol composition,as well as tocopherol,phytosterol,and phenolics,in walnut oil and compared the cholesterol-lowering effects of oil processed with different methods(cold pressing,roast-pressing,hexane extraction,subcritical butane extraction,and supercritical CO_(2) extraction).The different methods did not affect the lipid composition of walnut oil.The tocopherol(41.11 mg/100 g)and total phenolic content(TPC,4.26 mg/100 g)of roast-pressed walnut oil and the phytosterol contents of subcritical butane-extracted walnut oil(106.51 mg/100 g)were higher than those of other tested oils.Walnut oil significantly decreased cholesterol synthesis by downregulating the expression of HMGCR,SREBP-2,and CYP51 genes,and increased cholesterol efflux by upregulating the expression of ABCG1,thus significantly reducing total cholesterol and triacylglycerol.Phytosterols and TPC in walnut oil were responsible for lowering cholesterol;the optimal concentration of phytosterols was 10μg/mL,and that of TPC was 12.5×10^(-3)μg/mL.Through process optimization,a new processing method for walnut oil based on biological evaluation was preliminarily established.

Exogenous glutamic acid effectively involved in N-(1-deoxy-D-galulos-1-yl)-glutamic acid degradation for simultaneous improvement of both milk-like and baking flavor

This research elucidated the reason of flavor deficiency during the thermal degradation of glutamic acid(Glu)-galactose(Gal)Amadori rearrangement product(GG-ARP)and the solution.The flavor formation from GG-ARP during the thermal degradation was investigated.Compared to the volatile compounds in Glu-Gal Maillard reaction products(GG-MRP),pyrazines in the volatile compounds derived from GG-ARP were restrained.The disadvantage in evolution asynchrony and content sufficiency ofα-dicarbonyl compounds and Glu in the GG-ARP model limited the pyrazines formation.With the addition of Gal,the asynchronous effect was further exacerbated,and the furans in the GG-ARP-Gal model(956.81μg/L,120℃,60 min)were more significantly dominant among the volatile flavor compounds than in the GG-ARP model(454.98μg/L,120℃,60 min),while the pyrazines were still missing.Whereas,the extra-added Glu in the GG-ARP model could offset the deficiency of amino acids growth afterα-dicarbonyl formation and promote the formation of pyrazines(74.47μg/L,120℃,60 min).Meanwhile,the formation of diketones(92.96μg/L,120℃,60 min)was promoted.The addition of Glu enhanced both milk-like and baking flavor of the GG-ARP system simultaneously.Formulated GG-ARP-Glu mixture was proposed to promisingly achieve the controlled formation of process flavors for baked foods with both desirable milk-like and baking scent.

Study on the interaction mechanism of virgin olive oil polyphenols with mucin and α-amylase

The interaction mechanism of mucin and α-amylase with virgin olive oil (VOO) polyphenols (oleuropein (OL),tyrosol (TY),hydroxytyrosol (HT)) was analyzed by fluorescence,ultraviolet (UV) absorption,attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR),circular dichroic (CD) spectroscopy and molecular docking.A total of 17 polyphenols have been identified in the selected VOO,and the TY,HT and OL were the main compounds.The quenching mechanism between mucin/α-amylase and three VOO polyphenols was static,mainly through van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.The results of UV absorption,ATR-FTIR,and CD spectroscopy revealed that the conformation of mucin changed after combining with the three polyphenols,while that of the α-amylase changed little.Molecular docking predicted the interaction sites of the three polyphenols with human salivary mucin and α-amylase.The present study could provide the theoretical foundation for further research on the interaction between human salivary protein and phenolic compounds in VOO.

Synthesis of symmetrical medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols rich in arachidonic acid at sn-2 position for infant formula

Medium-and long-chain triacylglycerols(MLCT)rich in arachidonic acid(ARA)at sn-2 position were synthesized by a two-step enzymatic method.Firstly,sn-2 monoacylglycerols(MAG)were synthesized at a temperature of 25℃ by enzymatic alcoholysis.The MAG with 69.42%ARA at sn-2 position were obtained by solvent extraction and low temperature solvent crystallization.Secondly,the MLCT rich in ARA at sn-2 position and capric acid(CA)at sn-1,3 positions were produced by enzymatic esterification.Under the optimal conditions(MAG:CA=1:3(mol/mol),0.05 MPa vacuum,8% Lipozyme RM IM,5 h,25℃),the content of triacylglycerol was up to 93.60%.The triacylglycerol in the form of C10:0-C20:4-C10:0(including isomers)was about 40.43%.The ARA contents in the total and sn-2 fatty acid composition of the final product were 32.35%and 51.12%,respectively.MLCT rich in ARA at sn-2 position were successfully produced and the product has the potential application for functional food and infant formula.

Modification of physicochemical properties and degradation of barley flour upon enzymatic extrusion

In order to evaluate the application potential of enzyme-extruded barley flour(EEBF)in the brewing of whole-barley beer,the physicochemical properties,mashing and fermentation effects of EEBF were studied,and conventional extruded barley flour(CEBF)and steam-cooked barley flour(SCBF)were taken as controls.The water solubility index(WSI)of EEBF(46.88%-52.63%)was much higher than that of CEBF(6.70%)and SCBF(4.59%).The results of degree of gelatinization(DG)and enthalpy(ΔH)suggested that EEBF was almost completely gelatinized,and the rapid visco analyzer(RVA)exhibited that the peak viscosity of EEBF was drastically reduced.The weight-average molecular weight of EEBF(<10^(6) g/mol)was significantly lower than that of CEBF and SCBF.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed that the heat-treatments caused starch granules to break and aggregate,and there were many hydrolyzed pores on the surface of EEBF.Both the long-and short-range order of EEBF were destroyed.Although EEBF caused serious filtration blocking,it greatly improved the alcohol content of finished beer(5.41%vol).Overall,the thermal modification of barley flour by enzyme-extrusion meets the needs of fermentation,and could improve the problem of limited leaching of unmalted barley,which was benefit for the production of whole-barley beer.

A 3D/0D cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon/supramolecular porphyrin magnetic-separation photocatalyst with highly efficient pollutant degradation and water oxidation performance

A 3D/0D cobalt-embedded nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanocubes(Co-N-C)/supramolecular tetra(4-carboxylphenyl)porphyrin nanocrystals(SA-TCPP)photocatalyst was successfully self-assembled viaπ–πinteraction,hydrogen bonding,and chemical bonding.Co-N-C/SA-TCPP heterostructure exhibited satisfactory visible photocatalytic oxidation performance on pollutant degradation and water evolution.The degradation rates of Co-N-C/ST(30%)composite towards 2,4-dichlorophenol,ofloxacin,and ethylene were10.9,7.2,and 2.1 times faster than SA-TCPP,respectively.The oxygen evolution efficiency was 1.9 times higher than SA-TCPP.The remarkably improved oxidation activities of Co-N-C/SA-TCPP were mainly ascribed to the following reasons:(1)Co-N-C could enhance the light absorption ability of SA-TCPP to produce more photoinduced carriers.(2)The well-developed porosity of Co-N-C could optimize the dispersibility of SA-TCPP to provide more reactive sites and charge separation channels.(3)Theπ–πinteraction between SA-TCPP and Co-N-C was beneficial to interlayer charge mobility,while the embedded cobalt nanoparticles(Co NPs)and N-doped carbon matrix could serve as electron traps to accelerate interfacial electron transfer.Additionally,the ferromagnetic Co NPs endowed Co-N-C/SA-TCPP with magnetic-separation function to promote recyclability in practical application.

Concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid glycerides by Candida antarctica lipase A-catalyzed selective methanolysis

n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(n-3 PUFA)have biologically important functions in human beings,but their contents in natural oils are usually low.This study investigated the concentration of n-3 PUFA-enriched glycerides by Candida antarctica lipase A(CAL-A)-catalyzed selective methanolysis of algal oil.First,lipases and acyl acceptors were screened.Subsequently,the methanolysis conditions including methanol concentration in aqueous solution,molar ratio of methanol to oil,reaction temperature,lipase loading and reaction time,were optimized.The results indicated that CAL-A could effectively identify n-3 PUFA during methanolysis.Saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids were released from algal oil by CAL-A-catalyzed methanolysis,causing the production of n-3 PUFA-enriched glycerides.Under optimal conditions(3:1 of molar ratio of methanol to algal oil,20%methanol aqueous solution,6%CAL-A dosage,25℃,18 h),the n-3 PUFA content increased from the initial 45.96%to 73.96%,with an n-3 PUFA yield of 81.76%.The reusability of CAL-A demonstrated that under optimal conditions the lipase could be used for 8 times.Therefore,this enzymatic process is efficient for synthesis of n-3 PUFA-enriched glycerides.

Radio frequency heating to inactivate microorganisms in broccoli powder

Recently,the safety of low-water-activity(aw)foods,including dried vegetables,has become a major concern.It has been realized that microorganisms may not grow in low-aw foods but can survive for rather long period of time.But it represents significant risk especially when the lowaw foods are added to high-aw foods,because the inhibited microorganisms in low-aw foods will grow in high-aw environment.In this study,broccoli powder(aw=0.586)was pasteurized by radio frequency(RF)treatment using a 6 kW,27.12 MHz pilot-scale RF system.Heating patterns and temperature profiles in broccoli powder package in a polypropylene plastic pouch(17×12×5 cm)during RF heating were studied.The non-uniform heating pattern was validated,characterized by much higher temperatures(about 17–32°C)in the interior and centre of the food powder package than that in the exterior surface.Rolling over and rotation during RF treatment were proven effective to improve the heating uniformity.Microbial reduction and change of colour of broccoli powder after RF heating for different time periods were studied,and the results showed that the level of microbial inactivation was greatly reduced by 4.2 log colony-forming units(CFU)/g with insignificant colour degradation after RF heating for 5 min.The study also indicated that cold-shock treatment[kept the treated sample at freezing temperature(−18°C)for 48 h]following RF treatment further effectively reduced the microorganisms in broccoli powder from 3.0 log CFU/g immediately after RF treatment to less than 30 CFU/g,which indicated that cold shock in conjunction with RF heating is a promising technology with a potential to reduce the strength of applied RF and thus contributing to better retention of quality of low-moisture foods.

Phosphatidylmannoside prevents obesity induced by high-fat feeding

Emerging evidence suggests that dietary D-mannose,enriched naturally in many plants and fruits,show benefits in patients with bacterial urinary tract infection,diabetes,and obesity.However,it is noteworthy that the physiological level of D-mannose in the blood is relatively low.Based on the study that D-mannose could be a safe and beneficial dietary supplement to obese,here phosphatidylation of mannose was proposed as a way to increase the physiological level of D-mannose and enhance the modulatory effect of mannose on obesity.In this study,phosphatidylmannoside(PtdMan)was synthesized via the approach of phospholipase D mediated transphosphatidylation.In vivo,we show that phosphatidylation of mannose enhanced the physiological level of mannose in blood.The benefits of PtdMan and D-mannose in high-fat diet-induced obesity were then investigated.Compared with D-mannose supplementary,increased physiological level of PtdMan enhanced the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in liver and PPARγtargeted genes in adipose tissue,thus protecting from high-fat diet induced obesity,glucose tolerance,and insulin sensitivity.Together,our findings reveal the possibility that phosphatidylation of mannose could be used as a dietary approach to prevent obesity-associated diseases via its enhanced mannose bioavailability.

氯虫苯甲酰胺体内潜在健康风险分析

氯虫苯甲酰胺作为全球第一大杀虫剂广泛应用于农业生产,以保护农作物免受病虫害侵袭.因其半衰期长,在食品及环境中持久存在持效期,对生物及人体产生潜在的健康威胁.前期相关研究表明氯虫苯甲酰胺可促进3T3-L1前脂肪细胞的脂肪生成并提高甘油三酯水平.长期暴露于氯虫苯甲酰胺的雌性大鼠与甲状腺腺瘤的发展和肝脏重量增加有关;雄性小鼠肝脏出现嗜酸性灶,并伴有肝脏重量增加和肝细胞肥大.本文通过口服氯虫苯甲酰胺暴露于雄性SD大鼠8周.基于代谢组学和脂质组学技术,研究了氯虫苯甲酰胺暴露后血清和肝脏的反应,发现血清中甘油三酯水平显著升高,脂肪酸水平显著降低.通过基因表达分析和分子对接技术,揭示其背后机制.研究发现氯虫苯甲酰胺及其羟基化代谢物可与肝脏脂蛋白脂酶结合.靶向转录组和分子对接结果表明氯虫苯甲酰胺可抑制其活性,从而抑制肝脏合成或饮食中摄入的甘油三酯水解,导致血清中甘油三酯水平升高,脂肪酸水平降低.同时,肝脏和血清代谢组学表明肝脏中酰基肉碱的显著积累,血清中酰基肉碱的显著减少,其与线粒体脂肪酸氧化障碍密切相关.通过分析血清中的胆汁酸,表明酰基肉碱异常生成间接诱导胆汁酸代谢的失调.该研究可为双酰胺类杀虫剂的潜在健康风险分析提供重要数据支撑.