Numerical Treatments of Functional Fredholm Integral Equation in 2D with Discontinuous Kernels

This work proposes a new definition of the functional Fredholm integral equation in 2D of the second kind with discontinuous kernels (FT-DFIE). Furthermore, the work is concerned to study this new equation numerically. The existence of a unique solution of the equation is proved. In addition, the approximate solutions are obtained by two powerful methods Toeplitz Matrix Method (TMM) and Product Nystr?m Methods (PNM). The given numerical examples showed the efficiency and accuracy of the introduced methods.

Instability of Two Interacting Quasi-Monochromatic Waves in Shallow Water

The nonlinear interactions of waves with a double-peaked power spectrum have been studied in shallow water. The starting point is the prototypical equation for nonlinear unidirectional waves in shallow water, i.e. the Korteweg de Vries equation. By means of a multiple-scale technique two defocusing coupled Nonlinear SchrCMinger equations are derived. It is found analytically that plane wave solutions of such a system are unstable for small perturbations, showing that the existence of a new energy exchange mechanism which can influence the behavior of ocean waves in shallow water.

Comparative Phenomenological Description of Even-Even Isotopes at Mass Region A ≈ 70

In the present work the nuclear structure properties and the backbending phenomena of even-even isotopes at A ≈ 70 mass region are analyzed using two simultaneous theoretical models based on a simple modified version of the collective model predictions besides an improved version of exponential model with the inclusion of pairing correlation. In general, both models successfully describe the backbending phenomena in that region. From the comparison between the predictions of the two proposed models a firm conclusion is obtained concerning the superiority of the simple improved version of the exponential model in describing the forward and down-bending region of the φ-ω2 plots.

Light-controllable charge-reversal nanoparticles with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid for enhancing immunotherapy of triple negative breast cancer

Nucleic acid drugs are highly applicable for cancer immunotherapy with promising therapeutic effects, while targeting delivery of these drugs to disease lesions remains challenging. Cationic polymeric nanoparticles have paved the way for efficient delivery of nucleic acid drugs, and achieved stimuli-responsive disassembly in tumor microenvironment(TME). However, TME is highly heterogeneous between individuals, and most nanocarriers lack active-control over the release of loaded nucleic acid drugs, which will definitely reduce the therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we have developed a lightcontrollable charge-reversal nanoparticle(LCCN) with controlled release of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [Poly(I:C)] to treat triple negative breast cancer(TNBC) by enhanced photodynamic immunotherapy. The nanoparticles keep suitably positive charge for stable loading of Poly(I:C), while rapidly reverse to negative charge after near-infrared light irradiation to release Poly(I:C). LCCN-Poly(I:C) nanoparticles trigger effective phototoxicity and immunogenic cell death on 4 T1 tumor cells, elevate antitumor immune responses and inhibit the growth of primary and abscopal 4 T1 tumors in mice. The approach provides a promising strategy for controlled release of various nucleic acid-based immune modulators, which may enhance the efficacy of photodynamic immunotherapy against TNBC.