Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology because of their high light absorption coefficient,long carrier diffusion distance,and tunable bandgap.However,PSCs face challenges such ...Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology because of their high light absorption coefficient,long carrier diffusion distance,and tunable bandgap.However,PSCs face challenges such as hysteresis effects and stability issues.In this study,we introduced a novel approach to improve film crystallization by leveraging 4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)molecules,thereby enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs.Our findings demonstrate the effective removal of PbI_(2)from the perovskite surface through strong coordination with TBP molecules.Additionally,by carefully adjusting the concentration of the TBP solution,we achieved enhanced film crystallinity without disrupting the perovskite structure.The TBP-treated perovskite films exhibit a low defect density,improved crystallinity,and improved carrier lifetime.As a result,the PSCs manufactured with TBP treatment achieve power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 24%.Moreover,we obtained the PCE of 21.39%for the 12.25 cm^(2)module.展开更多
To study the efficacy of lip moisturizing cosmetics and explore the methods for evaluating their efficacy.The claimed efficacy and number of claimed efficacy of 44 lip moisturizing cosmetics were investigated,and a co...To study the efficacy of lip moisturizing cosmetics and explore the methods for evaluating their efficacy.The claimed efficacy and number of claimed efficacy of 44 lip moisturizing cosmetics were investigated,and a combination of in vitro and human testing was used to evaluate the efficacy of the lip moisturizing cosmetics.The efficacy claims of lip cosmetics mainly included 4 categories of moisturizing,repairing,soothing and anti-wrinkle,with 79.55%of the products claiming 3~4 categories of efficacy.In the in vitro test,the cell morphology of the skin damage model improved and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly.In the human trial,the water content,skin softness and brightness L value of the cuticle of the lips increased significantly in 31 subjects,and the transepidermal water loss,redness a value,and the area and volume of lip wrinkles decreased significantly;the dryness of the lip skin and the uniformity of the skin texture improved significantly.The dryness of lip skin and the uniformity of skin texture were significantly improved.The results show that the moisture content of the stratum corneum can be used to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of lip products.The transepidermal water loss,skin color,skin softness and expert assessment can be used to evaluate the repairing efficacy.The observation of cell morphology of skin damage models and the detection of pro-inflammatory factor content can be used to evaluate the soothing efficacy.The area and volume of lip wrinkles can be used to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of products.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the main obstacles encountered in the commercial implementation of LSBs are the notorious shuttle effect,retarded sulfur redox kinetics,and uncontrolled dendrite growth.Accordingly,single-atom catalysts(SACs),which have ultrahigh catalytic efficiency,tunable coordination configuration,and light weight,have shown huge potential in the field of LSBs to date.This review summarizes the recent research progress of SACs applied as multifunctional components in LSBs.The design principles and typical synthetic strategies of SACs toward effective Li–S chemistry as well as the working mechanism promoting sulfur conversion reactions,inhibiting the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect,and regulating Li+nucleation are comprehensively illustrated.Potential future directions in terms of research on SACs for the realization of commercially viable LSBs are also outlined.展开更多
Lead halide perovskites have received considerable attention from researchers over the past several years due to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties,because of which they can be a versatile platform f...Lead halide perovskites have received considerable attention from researchers over the past several years due to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties,because of which they can be a versatile platform for fundamental science research and applications.Patterned structures based on lead halide perovskites have much more novel properties compared with their more commonly seen bulk-,micro-,and nano-crystals,such as improvement in antireflection,light-scattering effects,and light absorption,as a result of their adjustability of spatial distributions.However,there are many challenges yet to be resolved in this field,such as insufficient patterned resolution,imperfect crystal quality,complicated preparation process,and so on.To pave the way to solve these problems,we provide a systematic presentation of current methods for fabricating lead halide perovskite patterned structures,including thermal imprint,use of etching films,two-step vapor-phase growth,template-confined solution growth,and seed-assisted growth.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elaborated in detail.In addition,thanks to the extraordinary properties of lead halide perovskite patterned structures,a variety of potential applications in optics and optoelectronics of these structures are described.Lastly,we put forward existing challenges and prospects in this exciting field.展开更多
A simple method was proposed to activate alkaline Cu(OH)_(2)with an acidic ionomer,Nafion,to regulate its surface microenvironment,including hydrophobicity and local basicity.In particular,the direct complete neutrali...A simple method was proposed to activate alkaline Cu(OH)_(2)with an acidic ionomer,Nafion,to regulate its surface microenvironment,including hydrophobicity and local basicity.In particular,the direct complete neutralization reaction between Cu(OH)_(2)and Nafion in aqueous solution induces the exposing of vast anions which can exclude the in-situ-formed hydroxides and raise the local basicity.Remarkably,the optimal Nafionactivated Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu can efficiently suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and improve the selectivity for multi-carbon products in the CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR).The H2 Faradaic efficiency(FE)decreased to 11%at a current density of 300 mA/cm2(−0.76 V vs.RHE)in a flow cell,while the bare one with H2 had an FE of 40%.The total eCO_(2)RR FE reaches as high as 83%,along with an evidently increased C2H4 FE of 44%as compared with the bare one(24%),and good stability(8000 s),surpassing that of most of the reported Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu.The experimental and theoretical results both show that the strong hydrophobicity and high local basicity jointly boosted the eCO_(2)RR as acquired by felicitously introducing ionomer on the Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu surface.展开更多
Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etchin...Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etching hard-template method that can directly fabricate tubes on various thermally stable oxide and sulfide materials.This synthesis method features the introduction of a vapor-phase-etching process to greatly simplify the steps involved in preparing tubular materials and avoids complicated postprocessing procedures.Furthermore,the in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique is used to observe the dynamic formation process of TiO_(2-x) tubes,indicating that the removal process of the Sb2S3 templates first experienced the Rayleigh instability,then vapor-phase-etching process.When used as an anode for sodium ion batteries,the TiO_(2-x) tube exhibits excellent rate performance of134.6 mA h g^(-1) at the high current density of 10 A g^(-1) and long-term cycling over 7000 cycles.Moreover,the full cell demonstrates excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 98%after 1000 cycles,indicating that it is a promising anode material for batteries.This method can be expanded to the design and synthesis of other thermally-stable tubular materials such as ZnS,MoS_(2),and SiO_(2).展开更多
[Objectives]To expose the plausible mechanism of Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.against Alzheimer s disease via network pharmacology and HPLC-ESI-HRMS technology.[Methods]To begin with,HPLC-ESI-HRMS was employed to identify...[Objectives]To expose the plausible mechanism of Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.against Alzheimer s disease via network pharmacology and HPLC-ESI-HRMS technology.[Methods]To begin with,HPLC-ESI-HRMS was employed to identify the components of B.balsamifera.Secondly,the potential targets of the components were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity and online databases.Thirdly,by way of topological analysis of a component-disease target interaction network,the primary candidate targets and potential active components were identified.Lastly,molecular docking analysis was used to confirm the interaction between active components and therapeutic targets.[Results]According to the final results,HPLC-ESI-HRMS identified 70 components.Out of these,20 components were potentially biologically active,and most of them were sesquiterpenoids.According to the molecular docking results,the primary active components were appropriately coordinated with the core targets,indicating a high level of pharmacodynamic activity.Thus,the sesquiterpenes present in B.balsamifera are considered potential active ingredients having multi-target and multi-pathway effects for treating Alzheimer s disease.[Conclusions]This research will provide a scientific reference for the future pharmacological activity and clinical application of B.balsamifera.展开更多
The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to ...The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to modulate its catalytic HOR performance,but at the cost of mass activity due to the coverage of modifiers on Pt surface.Herein,we constructed dual junctions'Pt/nitrogen-doped carbon(Pt/NC)andδ-MoC/NC to modify electronic structure of Pt via interfacial electron transfer to acquire Pt-MoC@NC catalyst with electron-deficient Pt nanoparticles,simultaneously endowing it with high mass activity and durability of alkaline HOR.Moreover,the unique structure of Pt-MoC@NC endows Pt with a high COtolerance at 1,000 ppm CO/H_(2),a quality that commercial Pt-C catalyst lacks.The theoretical calculations not only confirm the diffusion of electrons from Pt/NC to Mo C/NC could occur,but also demonstrate the negative shift of Pt d-band center for the optimized binding energies of*H,*OH and CO.展开更多
With the accelerated rate of urbanization in recent years,air pollution has become an environmental problem that requires urgent resolution,almost all of the world’s population exposed to pollution on a daily basis.A...With the accelerated rate of urbanization in recent years,air pollution has become an environmental problem that requires urgent resolution,almost all of the world’s population exposed to pollution on a daily basis.Among the various air pollutants,the excessive dispersion and suspension of particulate matter(PM)in the air.展开更多
The valence states and coordination structures of doped heterometal atoms in two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials lack predictable regulation strategies.Hence,a robust method is proposed to form unsaturated heteroatom clu...The valence states and coordination structures of doped heterometal atoms in two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials lack predictable regulation strategies.Hence,a robust method is proposed to form unsaturated heteroatom clusters via the metal-vacancy restraint mechanism,which can precisely regulate the bonding and valence state of heterometal atoms doped in 2D molybdenum disulfide.The unsaturated valence state of heterometal Pt and Ru cluster atoms form a spatial coordination structure with Pt–S and Ru–O–S as catalytically active sites.Among them,the strong binding energy of negatively charged suspended S and O sites for H+,as well as the weak adsorption of positively charged unsaturated heterometal atoms for H*,reduces the energy barrier of the hydrogen evolution reaction proved by theoretical calculation.Whereupon,the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance is markedly improved by the ensemble effect of unsaturated heterometal atoms and highlighted with an overpotential of 84 mV and Tafel slope of 68.5 mV dec^(−1).In brief,this metal vacancy-induced valence state regulation of heterometal can manipulate the coordination structure and catalytic activity of heterometal atoms doped in the 2D atomic lattice but not limited to 2D nanomaterials.展开更多
Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical cap...Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical capacity of 372 mA·h·g^(−1),thus hindering further development toward high-capacity and large-scale applications.Alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides are considered a promising candidate to replace graphite because of their low preparation cost,good thermal stability,superior stability,and high electrochemical performance.Nonetheless,many issues and challenges remain to be addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as LIB anodes.Meanwhile,the material and structural properties,synthesis methods,electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and improvement strategies are introduced.Finally,existing challenges and future research directions are discussed to accelerate their practical application in commercial LIBs.展开更多
Today’s world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly cr...Today’s world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly critical in building a sustainable society.On this front,batteries,capacitors,fuel cells,and solar cells play the indispensable roles as the powers for applications,for example,electric vehicles shall mitigate our reliance on the depleting fossil fuels.It is crucial to invent new materials or technologies to improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage/conversion devices with higher energy,better power,longer cycle life,and better safety.One of the most important areas pertains to carbon-based materials.Researchers from different fields design carbon-based materials for low-cost energy devices with great portability and functionality.展开更多
Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs) are of great interest in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) due to their biosafety as an alternative to clinical gadolinium(Ⅲ) complexes-based contrast agents.Especi...Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs) are of great interest in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) due to their biosafety as an alternative to clinical gadolinium(Ⅲ) complexes-based contrast agents.Especially when the particle size is less than 10 nm,it has strong diffusion ability and deep penetration distance in tumor tissue.Substitution doping can significantly enhance the T_(1)contrast effect of nanoparticles by regulating the surface exposed atoms.However,the nucleation and growth processes of multi-component synthesis systems are complex and difficult to be accurately controlled,leading to great challenges in the synthesis of ultra-small-sized nanoparticles with different components and sizes.Here,extremely smallsized superparamagnetic gadolinium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles(GdIONPs,Gd_(x)Fe_(3-x)O_(4) NPs) with adjustable doping amount and controllable size in the range of 3.5-7.5 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition.Then,as-synthesized GdIONPs were surface modified with a highly water-soluble and biocompatible carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-phosphoric acid ligand with high binding affinity.Gd_(0.65)Fe_(2.35)O_(4) NPs exhibited very high r_(1) relaxivity of 10.6 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of all metal concentrations and 49.0 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of gadolinium alone,respectively,3 and 14 times higher than clinical T_(1) contrast agents(Gd-DTPA).GdIONPs can continuously obtain high resolution images of blood vessels,and can be used as an efficient and multifunctional contrast agent for MR T_(1)imaging.This stable and efficient doping strategy provides an easy and effective method to individually optimize the magnetic properties of complex oxides and their relaxation effects for a variety of biomedical applications.展开更多
Enhancing catalytic activity through modulating the interaction between N-doped carbon and metal phosphides clusters is an effective approach.Herein,the electronic structure modulation of CoP_(2) supported N-modified ...Enhancing catalytic activity through modulating the interaction between N-doped carbon and metal phosphides clusters is an effective approach.Herein,the electronic structure modulation of CoP_(2) supported N-modified carbon(CoP_(2)/NC)has been designed and prepared as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Notably,CoP_(2)/NC-1 catalyst exhibits impressive performance in alkaline media,with an ORR half-wave potential of 0.84 V,as well as OER and HER overpotentials of 290 and 129 mV(at 10 mA·cm^(−2)),respectively.In addition,CoP_(2)/NC-1 produces a power density as high as 172.9 mW·cm^(−2),and excellent reversibility of 100 h at 20 mA·cm^(−2) in home-made Zn-air batteries.The experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic interactions between N modified carbon substrate and CoP_(2) material significantly enhance the kinetics of ORR,OER,and HER.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the strong electrons redistribution of CoP_(2) induced by high-density N atoms at the interface,thus optimizing the key intermediates and significantly lower the energy barrier of reactions.These electronic adjustments of CoP_(2) greatly enhance its kinetics of ORR/OER/HER,leading to faster reactions.This study provides profound insights into the specific modification of CoP_(2) by N-doped carbon,enabling the construction of efficient catalysts.展开更多
The hydrothermal reaction of 1,2-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)ethane (Bime) and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O gave rise to a two-folded interpenetrating 3D coordination polymer, [Ni(Bime)3·(NO3)2]n. Singlecrystal X-ray dif...The hydrothermal reaction of 1,2-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)ethane (Bime) and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O gave rise to a two-folded interpenetrating 3D coordination polymer, [Ni(Bime)3·(NO3)2]n. Singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that the complex crystallizes in rhombohedral space group R-3. Ni(II) lies on a crystallographic S6 centre and connects six bimes into a 3D porous network. Bime exhibits an anti conformation. NO3- locates as the void filler to balance the charge in the system. The framework is stable through the two-folded interpenetration among the building units.展开更多
To produce high strength and ductility Mg alloys with high productivity and low energy consumption,the residual heat rolling (RHR) process was initially proposed.The microstucture and mechanical properties of AZ31 pro...To produce high strength and ductility Mg alloys with high productivity and low energy consumption,the residual heat rolling (RHR) process was initially proposed.The microstucture and mechanical properties of AZ31 processed by RHR were investigated by optical micrscopy (OM),electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD),and electron universal testing machine.The yield strength (YS),ultimate tensile strength (UTS),and elongation to failure of RHRed AZ31 sheet were 194 MPa,311 MPa,and 22%,respectively.The RHRed AZ31 alloys after annealing have very fine and homogeneous grains.The symmetrical rolled (SR) and RHRed AZ31 exhibit typical {0002} basal textures.The RHRed AZ31 has double-peak basal texture distribution.The basal poles of RHRed AZ31 split from normal direction (ND) to rolling direction (RD).There are few hard orientation distributions on the basal slip and more soft orientation distributions on the prismatic slip in the RHRed AZ31 sheets than those in the SRed AZ31sheets.展开更多
An efficient, practical, highly selective and environmentally benign method is reported for the synthesis of aryl thioethers via the coupling of thiols with aryl boronic acids in the presence of NaOH and a catalytic a...An efficient, practical, highly selective and environmentally benign method is reported for the synthesis of aryl thioethers via the coupling of thiols with aryl boronic acids in the presence of NaOH and a catalytic amount of CuSO4 at 130 ℃ using water as a green solvent. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields;more importantly, the use of toxic ligands and solvents was avoided. A broad range of aryl boronic acids and scalable processes make this methodology valuable and versatile for the synthesis of a broad range of aryl sulfides.展开更多
Starting with y-butyrolactone, 4-amino-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-(4H) thione 1 was prepared, and cyclization of it with 4-phenylbromoacetophenone gave 6-(4-biphenylyl)- 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7H-1,2...Starting with y-butyrolactone, 4-amino-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-(4H) thione 1 was prepared, and cyclization of it with 4-phenylbromoacetophenone gave 6-(4-biphenylyl)- 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine Ⅱ. The structures of Ⅰ and Ⅱ were determined by elemental analyses, IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, and X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: C5H10N4OS, Mr = 174.23, monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a =8.4568(6), b = 22.8905(16), c = 9.2625(6) A, β= 114.172(1)°, V= 1635.82(19) A^3, F(000) = 736, Z= 8, Dc = 1.415 g/cm^3, 2 λ=0.71073 A,μ = 0.346 mm^-1 and the final R = 0.0603 for 2870 unique reflections with 1993 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I). Crystal data for Ⅱ: C19H18N4OS, Mr = 350.43, monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 6.7481(7), b = 8.2647(8), c = 30.075(3) A, β= 94.445(2)°, V= 1672.3(3) A3, F(000) = 736, Z = 4, Dc = 1.392 g/cm^3, λ=0.71073 A,μ= 0.209 mm^-1 and the final R = 0.0667 for 3000 unique reflections with 2534 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I)). In the crystal of compound Ⅱ, the five-membered triazole ring and two benzene rings are coplanar, while the six-membered thiadiazine ring is slightly distorted, with an r.m.s deviation of 0.227(1) A. Some hydrogen bonding interactions are observed and π-π stacking interactions between adjacent molecules are found in the packing diagrams of the two compounds.展开更多
We report the synthesis of a high‐performance graphitic carbon‐coated silicon(Si@GC)composite material for lithium‐ion batteries via a scalable production route.Porous Si is produced from the magnesiothermic reduct...We report the synthesis of a high‐performance graphitic carbon‐coated silicon(Si@GC)composite material for lithium‐ion batteries via a scalable production route.Porous Si is produced from the magnesiothermic reduction of commercial silica(SiO2)precursor followed by low‐temperature graphitic carbon coating using glucose as the precursor.The obtained Si@GC composite achieves an excellent reversible specific capacity of 1195 mAh g−1 and outstanding cycle stability.The thick Si@GC anode(3.4 mg cm^−2)in full cells with commercial lithium iron phosphate cathode delivers a remarkable performance of 800 mAh g^−1 specific capacity and 2.7 mAh cm^−2 areal capacity as well as 93.6%capacity retention after 200 cycles.展开更多
In this letter, a route for synthesizing vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) with branched nanotubes in large area was reported. The branched MWCNTs up to about 30% can be generated by the pyrol...In this letter, a route for synthesizing vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) with branched nanotubes in large area was reported. The branched MWCNTs up to about 30% can be generated by the pyrolysis of iron(Ⅱ) phthalocyanine in presence of thiol under Ar/H2 at 800900℃. The growth mechanism of the branched nanotubes was proposed and the possible reason that thiol enhanced branched nanotubes growth is discussed. The as-prepared samples provide a suitable candidate to investigate the special electrical or thermal properties of CNTs with branched structures further.展开更多
基金financial support from various entities,including the Foundation of Anhui Science and Technology University[HCYJ202201]the Anhui Science and Technology University’s Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program[S202310879115,202310879053]+4 种基金the Key Project of Natural Science Research in Anhui Science and Technology University[2021ZRZD07]the Chuzhou Science and Technology Project[2021GJ002]the Anhui Province Key Research and Development Program[202304a05020085]the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee[2023AH051877]The Opening Project of State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Float Glass[2020KF06,2022KF06]。
文摘Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)have emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology because of their high light absorption coefficient,long carrier diffusion distance,and tunable bandgap.However,PSCs face challenges such as hysteresis effects and stability issues.In this study,we introduced a novel approach to improve film crystallization by leveraging 4-tert-butylpyridine(TBP)molecules,thereby enhancing the performance and stability of PSCs.Our findings demonstrate the effective removal of PbI_(2)from the perovskite surface through strong coordination with TBP molecules.Additionally,by carefully adjusting the concentration of the TBP solution,we achieved enhanced film crystallinity without disrupting the perovskite structure.The TBP-treated perovskite films exhibit a low defect density,improved crystallinity,and improved carrier lifetime.As a result,the PSCs manufactured with TBP treatment achieve power conversion efficiency(PCE)exceeding 24%.Moreover,we obtained the PCE of 21.39%for the 12.25 cm^(2)module.
文摘To study the efficacy of lip moisturizing cosmetics and explore the methods for evaluating their efficacy.The claimed efficacy and number of claimed efficacy of 44 lip moisturizing cosmetics were investigated,and a combination of in vitro and human testing was used to evaluate the efficacy of the lip moisturizing cosmetics.The efficacy claims of lip cosmetics mainly included 4 categories of moisturizing,repairing,soothing and anti-wrinkle,with 79.55%of the products claiming 3~4 categories of efficacy.In the in vitro test,the cell morphology of the skin damage model improved and the secretion of pro-inflammatory factors decreased significantly.In the human trial,the water content,skin softness and brightness L value of the cuticle of the lips increased significantly in 31 subjects,and the transepidermal water loss,redness a value,and the area and volume of lip wrinkles decreased significantly;the dryness of the lip skin and the uniformity of the skin texture improved significantly.The dryness of lip skin and the uniformity of skin texture were significantly improved.The results show that the moisture content of the stratum corneum can be used to evaluate the moisturizing efficacy of lip products.The transepidermal water loss,skin color,skin softness and expert assessment can be used to evaluate the repairing efficacy.The observation of cell morphology of skin damage models and the detection of pro-inflammatory factor content can be used to evaluate the soothing efficacy.The area and volume of lip wrinkles can be used to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of products.
基金Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021RC3021Project of State Key Laboratory of Environment‐Friendly Energy Materials,Grant/Award Numbers:18ZD320304,21fksy24+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,Grant/Award Number:2021JJ40780National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:51902346,52172239Start‐up Funding of Yangtze Region Institute(Huzhou),University of Electronic Science and Technology,Grant/Award Number:U03220102。
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)have been regarded as one of the promising candidates for the next-generation“lithium-ion battery beyond”owing to their high energy density and due to the low cost of sulfur.However,the main obstacles encountered in the commercial implementation of LSBs are the notorious shuttle effect,retarded sulfur redox kinetics,and uncontrolled dendrite growth.Accordingly,single-atom catalysts(SACs),which have ultrahigh catalytic efficiency,tunable coordination configuration,and light weight,have shown huge potential in the field of LSBs to date.This review summarizes the recent research progress of SACs applied as multifunctional components in LSBs.The design principles and typical synthetic strategies of SACs toward effective Li–S chemistry as well as the working mechanism promoting sulfur conversion reactions,inhibiting the lithium polysulfide shuttle effect,and regulating Li+nucleation are comprehensively illustrated.Potential future directions in terms of research on SACs for the realization of commercially viable LSBs are also outlined.
基金The authors acknowledge support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51902061 and 62090031).
文摘Lead halide perovskites have received considerable attention from researchers over the past several years due to their superior optical and optoelectronic properties,because of which they can be a versatile platform for fundamental science research and applications.Patterned structures based on lead halide perovskites have much more novel properties compared with their more commonly seen bulk-,micro-,and nano-crystals,such as improvement in antireflection,light-scattering effects,and light absorption,as a result of their adjustability of spatial distributions.However,there are many challenges yet to be resolved in this field,such as insufficient patterned resolution,imperfect crystal quality,complicated preparation process,and so on.To pave the way to solve these problems,we provide a systematic presentation of current methods for fabricating lead halide perovskite patterned structures,including thermal imprint,use of etching films,two-step vapor-phase growth,template-confined solution growth,and seed-assisted growth.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elaborated in detail.In addition,thanks to the extraordinary properties of lead halide perovskite patterned structures,a variety of potential applications in optics and optoelectronics of these structures are described.Lastly,we put forward existing challenges and prospects in this exciting field.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Numbers:52201227,21972126,51872209,52072273Zhejiang Provincial Special Support Program for High-level Talents,Grant/Award Number:2019R52042Key Project of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation,Grant/Award Number:LZ20B030001。
文摘A simple method was proposed to activate alkaline Cu(OH)_(2)with an acidic ionomer,Nafion,to regulate its surface microenvironment,including hydrophobicity and local basicity.In particular,the direct complete neutralization reaction between Cu(OH)_(2)and Nafion in aqueous solution induces the exposing of vast anions which can exclude the in-situ-formed hydroxides and raise the local basicity.Remarkably,the optimal Nafionactivated Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu can efficiently suppress the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and improve the selectivity for multi-carbon products in the CO_(2)electroreduction reaction(eCO_(2)RR).The H2 Faradaic efficiency(FE)decreased to 11%at a current density of 300 mA/cm2(−0.76 V vs.RHE)in a flow cell,while the bare one with H2 had an FE of 40%.The total eCO_(2)RR FE reaches as high as 83%,along with an evidently increased C2H4 FE of 44%as compared with the bare one(24%),and good stability(8000 s),surpassing that of most of the reported Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu.The experimental and theoretical results both show that the strong hydrophobicity and high local basicity jointly boosted the eCO_(2)RR as acquired by felicitously introducing ionomer on the Cu(OH)_(2)-derived Cu surface.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971146 and 22272093)the Taishan Scholarship Fund in Shandong Provinces(ts201511004)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2021MB127)the operational support of ANSTO staff for synchrotron-based characterizations(Awarded beamtime:AS212/PD/17323)the support from the Australian Research Council(ARC)(DE200101384 and LP180100722)。
文摘Ino rganic tubular materials have an exceptionally wide range of applications,yet developing a simple and universal method to controllably synthesize them remains challenging.In this work,we report a vaporphase-etching hard-template method that can directly fabricate tubes on various thermally stable oxide and sulfide materials.This synthesis method features the introduction of a vapor-phase-etching process to greatly simplify the steps involved in preparing tubular materials and avoids complicated postprocessing procedures.Furthermore,the in-situ heating transmission electron microscopy(TEM)technique is used to observe the dynamic formation process of TiO_(2-x) tubes,indicating that the removal process of the Sb2S3 templates first experienced the Rayleigh instability,then vapor-phase-etching process.When used as an anode for sodium ion batteries,the TiO_(2-x) tube exhibits excellent rate performance of134.6 mA h g^(-1) at the high current density of 10 A g^(-1) and long-term cycling over 7000 cycles.Moreover,the full cell demonstrates excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of 98%after 1000 cycles,indicating that it is a promising anode material for batteries.This method can be expanded to the design and synthesis of other thermally-stable tubular materials such as ZnS,MoS_(2),and SiO_(2).
基金Supported by Science and Technology Project of Guizhou Province of China(QKHPTRC[2021]259,QKH LH[2017]7146)Doctoral Research Initiation Fund(GYZYYFY-BS-2018[14])+2 种基金2018 Guizhou Provincial High Level Innovative Talent ProjectResearch Project on Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine Science and Technology in Guizhou Province(QZYY2017-079,QZYY2017-087)Project of Key Laboratory Characteristic Forestry of Guizhou Province of China(QJHKY[2021]002).
文摘[Objectives]To expose the plausible mechanism of Blumea balsamifera(L.)DC.against Alzheimer s disease via network pharmacology and HPLC-ESI-HRMS technology.[Methods]To begin with,HPLC-ESI-HRMS was employed to identify the components of B.balsamifera.Secondly,the potential targets of the components were identified and predicted based on chemical similarity and online databases.Thirdly,by way of topological analysis of a component-disease target interaction network,the primary candidate targets and potential active components were identified.Lastly,molecular docking analysis was used to confirm the interaction between active components and therapeutic targets.[Results]According to the final results,HPLC-ESI-HRMS identified 70 components.Out of these,20 components were potentially biologically active,and most of them were sesquiterpenoids.According to the molecular docking results,the primary active components were appropriately coordinated with the core targets,indicating a high level of pharmacodynamic activity.Thus,the sesquiterpenes present in B.balsamifera are considered potential active ingredients having multi-target and multi-pathway effects for treating Alzheimer s disease.[Conclusions]This research will provide a scientific reference for the future pharmacological activity and clinical application of B.balsamifera.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52072272,52171145 and 22109120)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LQ21B030002)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Special Support Program for High-level Talents (2019R52042)the Key programs for Science and Technology Innovation of Wenzhou (ZG2022037)。
文摘The scarcity,high cost and susceptibility to CO of Platinum severely restrict its application in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction(HOR).Hybridizing Pt with other transition metals provides an effective strategy to modulate its catalytic HOR performance,but at the cost of mass activity due to the coverage of modifiers on Pt surface.Herein,we constructed dual junctions'Pt/nitrogen-doped carbon(Pt/NC)andδ-MoC/NC to modify electronic structure of Pt via interfacial electron transfer to acquire Pt-MoC@NC catalyst with electron-deficient Pt nanoparticles,simultaneously endowing it with high mass activity and durability of alkaline HOR.Moreover,the unique structure of Pt-MoC@NC endows Pt with a high COtolerance at 1,000 ppm CO/H_(2),a quality that commercial Pt-C catalyst lacks.The theoretical calculations not only confirm the diffusion of electrons from Pt/NC to Mo C/NC could occur,but also demonstrate the negative shift of Pt d-band center for the optimized binding energies of*H,*OH and CO.
文摘With the accelerated rate of urbanization in recent years,air pollution has become an environmental problem that requires urgent resolution,almost all of the world’s population exposed to pollution on a daily basis.Among the various air pollutants,the excessive dispersion and suspension of particulate matter(PM)in the air.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205209,52202373 and U21A200972)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M722867)Key Research Project of Higher Education Institutions in Henan Province(23A530001)。
文摘The valence states and coordination structures of doped heterometal atoms in two-dimensional(2D)nanomaterials lack predictable regulation strategies.Hence,a robust method is proposed to form unsaturated heteroatom clusters via the metal-vacancy restraint mechanism,which can precisely regulate the bonding and valence state of heterometal atoms doped in 2D molybdenum disulfide.The unsaturated valence state of heterometal Pt and Ru cluster atoms form a spatial coordination structure with Pt–S and Ru–O–S as catalytically active sites.Among them,the strong binding energy of negatively charged suspended S and O sites for H+,as well as the weak adsorption of positively charged unsaturated heterometal atoms for H*,reduces the energy barrier of the hydrogen evolution reaction proved by theoretical calculation.Whereupon,the electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance is markedly improved by the ensemble effect of unsaturated heterometal atoms and highlighted with an overpotential of 84 mV and Tafel slope of 68.5 mV dec^(−1).In brief,this metal vacancy-induced valence state regulation of heterometal can manipulate the coordination structure and catalytic activity of heterometal atoms doped in the 2D atomic lattice but not limited to 2D nanomaterials.
基金The authors acknowledge the support of the Shenyang University of Technology(QNPY202209-4)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21571132)+1 种基金Jiangsu University Advanced Talent Fund(5501710002)the Education Department of Liaoning Province(JYTQN2023285).
文摘Anode materials are an essential part of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),which determine the performance and safety of LIBs.Currently,graphite,as the anode material of commercial LIBs,is limited by its low theoretical capacity of 372 mA·h·g^(−1),thus hindering further development toward high-capacity and large-scale applications.Alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides are considered a promising candidate to replace graphite because of their low preparation cost,good thermal stability,superior stability,and high electrochemical performance.Nonetheless,many issues and challenges remain to be addressed.Herein,we systematically summarize the research progress of alkaline earth metal iron-based oxides as LIB anodes.Meanwhile,the material and structural properties,synthesis methods,electrochemical reaction mechanisms,and improvement strategies are introduced.Finally,existing challenges and future research directions are discussed to accelerate their practical application in commercial LIBs.
文摘Today’s world is stressed by the ever-increasing demand for energy and the disastrous climate changes.New technologies that generate,convert,and store energy in a greener and more efficient way become increasingly critical in building a sustainable society.On this front,batteries,capacitors,fuel cells,and solar cells play the indispensable roles as the powers for applications,for example,electric vehicles shall mitigate our reliance on the depleting fossil fuels.It is crucial to invent new materials or technologies to improve the electrochemical performance of energy storage/conversion devices with higher energy,better power,longer cycle life,and better safety.One of the most important areas pertains to carbon-based materials.Researchers from different fields design carbon-based materials for low-cost energy devices with great portability and functionality.
基金financially supported by the Project of High-level Teachers in Beijing Municipal Universities in the Period of 13th Five-Year Plan (No.CIT&TCD201804025)Beijing Municipal Education Commission (No.KM201910011009)the Graduate Student Scientific Research Ability Promotion of BTBU。
文摘Extremely small-sized iron oxide nanoparticles(IONPs) are of great interest in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) due to their biosafety as an alternative to clinical gadolinium(Ⅲ) complexes-based contrast agents.Especially when the particle size is less than 10 nm,it has strong diffusion ability and deep penetration distance in tumor tissue.Substitution doping can significantly enhance the T_(1)contrast effect of nanoparticles by regulating the surface exposed atoms.However,the nucleation and growth processes of multi-component synthesis systems are complex and difficult to be accurately controlled,leading to great challenges in the synthesis of ultra-small-sized nanoparticles with different components and sizes.Here,extremely smallsized superparamagnetic gadolinium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles(GdIONPs,Gd_(x)Fe_(3-x)O_(4) NPs) with adjustable doping amount and controllable size in the range of 3.5-7.5 nm were synthesized by thermal decomposition.Then,as-synthesized GdIONPs were surface modified with a highly water-soluble and biocompatible carboxyl-polyethylene glycol-phosphoric acid ligand with high binding affinity.Gd_(0.65)Fe_(2.35)O_(4) NPs exhibited very high r_(1) relaxivity of 10.6 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of all metal concentrations and 49.0 mmol^(-1)·L·s^(-1) in terms of gadolinium alone,respectively,3 and 14 times higher than clinical T_(1) contrast agents(Gd-DTPA).GdIONPs can continuously obtain high resolution images of blood vessels,and can be used as an efficient and multifunctional contrast agent for MR T_(1)imaging.This stable and efficient doping strategy provides an easy and effective method to individually optimize the magnetic properties of complex oxides and their relaxation effects for a variety of biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872209,52171145,21972106,22105146)Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation project key project(No.LZ20B030001)Zhejiang Provincial Special Support Program for High-level Talents(No.2019R52042).
文摘Enhancing catalytic activity through modulating the interaction between N-doped carbon and metal phosphides clusters is an effective approach.Herein,the electronic structure modulation of CoP_(2) supported N-modified carbon(CoP_(2)/NC)has been designed and prepared as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Notably,CoP_(2)/NC-1 catalyst exhibits impressive performance in alkaline media,with an ORR half-wave potential of 0.84 V,as well as OER and HER overpotentials of 290 and 129 mV(at 10 mA·cm^(−2)),respectively.In addition,CoP_(2)/NC-1 produces a power density as high as 172.9 mW·cm^(−2),and excellent reversibility of 100 h at 20 mA·cm^(−2) in home-made Zn-air batteries.The experimental results demonstrate that the synergistic interactions between N modified carbon substrate and CoP_(2) material significantly enhance the kinetics of ORR,OER,and HER.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal the strong electrons redistribution of CoP_(2) induced by high-density N atoms at the interface,thus optimizing the key intermediates and significantly lower the energy barrier of reactions.These electronic adjustments of CoP_(2) greatly enhance its kinetics of ORR/OER/HER,leading to faster reactions.This study provides profound insights into the specific modification of CoP_(2) by N-doped carbon,enabling the construction of efficient catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20971101)
文摘The hydrothermal reaction of 1,2-bis(imidazol-1′-yl)ethane (Bime) and Ni(NO3)2·6H2O gave rise to a two-folded interpenetrating 3D coordination polymer, [Ni(Bime)3·(NO3)2]n. Singlecrystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that the complex crystallizes in rhombohedral space group R-3. Ni(II) lies on a crystallographic S6 centre and connects six bimes into a 3D porous network. Bime exhibits an anti conformation. NO3- locates as the void filler to balance the charge in the system. The framework is stable through the two-folded interpenetration among the building units.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51271046)the Liaoning Science and Technology Joint Fund (2020-YKLH-26)+3 种基金the Liaoning Science and Technology Projects(20180550724)the Educational Department of Liaoning Province Science and Technology Projects(L2019002, L2019008)the National Students’ Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training (201914435050)the Doctoral Business and Innovation Launching Plan of Ying Kou City (QB-2019-10)。
文摘To produce high strength and ductility Mg alloys with high productivity and low energy consumption,the residual heat rolling (RHR) process was initially proposed.The microstucture and mechanical properties of AZ31 processed by RHR were investigated by optical micrscopy (OM),electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD),and electron universal testing machine.The yield strength (YS),ultimate tensile strength (UTS),and elongation to failure of RHRed AZ31 sheet were 194 MPa,311 MPa,and 22%,respectively.The RHRed AZ31 alloys after annealing have very fine and homogeneous grains.The symmetrical rolled (SR) and RHRed AZ31 exhibit typical {0002} basal textures.The RHRed AZ31 has double-peak basal texture distribution.The basal poles of RHRed AZ31 split from normal direction (ND) to rolling direction (RD).There are few hard orientation distributions on the basal slip and more soft orientation distributions on the prismatic slip in the RHRed AZ31 sheets than those in the SRed AZ31sheets.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21571144)
文摘An efficient, practical, highly selective and environmentally benign method is reported for the synthesis of aryl thioethers via the coupling of thiols with aryl boronic acids in the presence of NaOH and a catalytic amount of CuSO4 at 130 ℃ using water as a green solvent. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields;more importantly, the use of toxic ligands and solvents was avoided. A broad range of aryl boronic acids and scalable processes make this methodology valuable and versatile for the synthesis of a broad range of aryl sulfides.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. M203149)
文摘Starting with y-butyrolactone, 4-amino-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-(4H) thione 1 was prepared, and cyclization of it with 4-phenylbromoacetophenone gave 6-(4-biphenylyl)- 3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine Ⅱ. The structures of Ⅰ and Ⅱ were determined by elemental analyses, IR, ^1H NMR, ^13C NMR, and X-ray diffraction. Crystal data for 1: C5H10N4OS, Mr = 174.23, monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a =8.4568(6), b = 22.8905(16), c = 9.2625(6) A, β= 114.172(1)°, V= 1635.82(19) A^3, F(000) = 736, Z= 8, Dc = 1.415 g/cm^3, 2 λ=0.71073 A,μ = 0.346 mm^-1 and the final R = 0.0603 for 2870 unique reflections with 1993 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I). Crystal data for Ⅱ: C19H18N4OS, Mr = 350.43, monoclinic system, space group P21/c, a = 6.7481(7), b = 8.2647(8), c = 30.075(3) A, β= 94.445(2)°, V= 1672.3(3) A3, F(000) = 736, Z = 4, Dc = 1.392 g/cm^3, λ=0.71073 A,μ= 0.209 mm^-1 and the final R = 0.0667 for 3000 unique reflections with 2534 observed ones (I 〉 2σ(I)). In the crystal of compound Ⅱ, the five-membered triazole ring and two benzene rings are coplanar, while the six-membered thiadiazine ring is slightly distorted, with an r.m.s deviation of 0.227(1) A. Some hydrogen bonding interactions are observed and π-π stacking interactions between adjacent molecules are found in the packing diagrams of the two compounds.
文摘We report the synthesis of a high‐performance graphitic carbon‐coated silicon(Si@GC)composite material for lithium‐ion batteries via a scalable production route.Porous Si is produced from the magnesiothermic reduction of commercial silica(SiO2)precursor followed by low‐temperature graphitic carbon coating using glucose as the precursor.The obtained Si@GC composite achieves an excellent reversible specific capacity of 1195 mAh g−1 and outstanding cycle stability.The thick Si@GC anode(3.4 mg cm^−2)in full cells with commercial lithium iron phosphate cathode delivers a remarkable performance of 800 mAh g^−1 specific capacity and 2.7 mAh cm^−2 areal capacity as well as 93.6%capacity retention after 200 cycles.
基金supported in part by grants from NSFC (51025207, 21173159)NSFZJ (R4090137)863 project (2012AA02A104)
文摘In this letter, a route for synthesizing vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) with branched nanotubes in large area was reported. The branched MWCNTs up to about 30% can be generated by the pyrolysis of iron(Ⅱ) phthalocyanine in presence of thiol under Ar/H2 at 800900℃. The growth mechanism of the branched nanotubes was proposed and the possible reason that thiol enhanced branched nanotubes growth is discussed. The as-prepared samples provide a suitable candidate to investigate the special electrical or thermal properties of CNTs with branched structures further.