Genetic analysis of adult plant,quantitative resistance to stripe rust in wheat landrace Wudubaijian in multi-environment trials

Stripe rust,caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici(Pst),is one of the most destructive diseases on wheat worldwide.Wudubaijian,a wheat landrace released from Gansu Province in China since 1950,exhibits adult-plant resistance to stripe rust for several decades.To elucidate the genetic basis of stripe rust resistance,Wudubaijian was crossed with the high susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169,and stripe rust tests of both parents and the F2:3 lines were conducted in four environments of Yangling and Tianshui in 2015 and 2016,respectively.The relative area under disease progress curve(rAUDPC)of Mingxian 169/Wudubaijian F_(2:3) lines showed that the resistance of Wudubaijian was controlled by quantitative trait loci(QTL).Combined with phenotypic data and molecular markers,two stable QTLs were identified in Wudubaijian.QYrwdbj.nwafu-5A with the phenotypic variance of 15.02-40.26% was located between 5AS1-0.40-0.75 and 5AS3-0.75-0.98 of chromosome 5AS,and QYrwdbj.nwafu-2B.1 with the phenotypic variance of 9.54-10.40%was located in the bin C-2BS1-0.53 of chromosome 2BS.Through the location of flanking markers and epistasis analysis,QYrwdbj.nwafu-5A may be a new major QTL that can be used in conjunction with other stripe rust resistance genes(QTLs).

Qualitative Identification and Semi-Quantitative Comparison of Sucrose in Maca (<i>Lepidium meyenii</i>) by Infrared Spectrum Analysis

Objective: In order to establish a method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in Macas by infrared spectral analysis. Methods: Six Maca samples with three color types and from two producing areas in Yunnan province (China) were collected. Fourier trans-form infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of raw Maca, ethyl acetate extracts (EtOAc-E), alcohol extracts (EtOH-E) and extracted residues were recorded selectively. Comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies were used to explore the FTIR analytical method for sucrose in Maca. Results: Sucrose was proved to be a component in the Lijiang purple Maca (LPM) sample by comparative analysis of FTIR and second derivative in-frared spectroscopy (SDIR) with sucrose as a reference substance. Relative higher content of sucrose might be responsible for the distinctive absorption character of FTIR from LPM. With the aid of comparative analysis and analysis-through-separation strategies, conclusions could be drawn that all of the six Maca samples in this research contained some sucrose more or less. Furthermore, relative content of sucrose in the LM was higher than those in HM in general. Conclusion: An infrared spectrum analysis method for qualitative identification and semi-quantitative comparison of sucrose in different Maca samples was developed. Compared with other analytical methods, the developed method shows unparalleled charm for its inherent merits of convenient, fast, low cost, visual, efficient et al.

Effect of yttrium and manganese addition on catalytic soot combustion activity and anti-high-temperature stability of CeO_(2) catalyst

In order to analyze the influence of the addition of yttrium and manganese on the soot combustion performance and high temperature stability of CeO_(2) catalyst,a series of Y/Mn-modified CeO_(2) catalysts were prepared.The effects of structural properties,textural properties,oxygen vacancies,Ce^(3+),surface adsorbed oxygen species,reduction properties and desorption properties of oxygen species on the activity were analyzed by various characterization methods.The results of the activity test show that the addition of manganese is beneficial to enhancement of the activity,while the addition of yttrium increases the amount of reactive oxygen species,but decreases the activity.After aging at 700℃,the activity of the CeMn catalyst decreases most sharply,while the catalytic activity of the CeY catalyst can be maintained to a certain extent.Interestingly,the addition of yttrium and manganese at the same time can stabilize the activity.The fundamental reason is that yttrium and manganese move to the surface of the solid solution after aging,which increases the reduction performance of the catalyst,thus contributing to the increase of activity.Although the activity of CeYMn catalyst decreases after aging at 800℃,it is still higher than that of other catalysts aged at 700℃.

Biomimetic nanochannel membrane for cascade response of borate and cis-hydroxyl compounds:An IMP logic gate device

Biomimetic nanodevice is an important branch to expand the potential applications of artificial nanochannels. Here, we constructed nanochannels for cascade response of borate and cis-hydroxyl compounds by modifying the nanochannels of track-etched polycarbonate (TEPC) membranes with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Firstly, borate bound to PVA and increased the negative charge density on the surface of the nanochannels, which obstructed the transport of 1,5-naphthalene disulfonate (NDS2-). Subsequently, the addition of cis-hydroxyl compounds induced leaving of borate due to the stronger binding affinities between borate and cis-hydroxyl compounds, which reduced the negative charge density on nanochannels and then enhanced the transport of NDS2-. The cascade response of the nanochannels also accord with the properties of IMP (implication) logic gate. In addition, such nanochannels showed good reproducibility and reversibility. Therefore, this cascade response model based on nanochannels has the potential to be used as switches in area of actuators and biosensors, and is also expected to be used to understand the interaction of substances in nanoscale and simulate the physiological functions of boron.

Effect of surface manganese oxide species on soot catalytic combustion of Ce-Mn-O catalyst

Constructing cerium and manganese bimetallic catalysts with excellent catalytic performance for soot combustion is the research frontier at present.In order to find out the key factors for catalytic soot combustion of Ce-Mn-O catalysts,a series of Ce-Mn-O catalysts with different Ce/Mn proportions were prepared by co-precipitation method.The activity test results show that it increases first and then decreases with the increase of Mn content.The best catalytic activity is obtained for Ce_(0.64)Mn_(0.36) catalyst,which shows a maximum rate temperature(T_(m)) at 306℃ for CO_(2) production in TPO curve.Compared with non-catalytic soot combustion,the T_(m) decreases by mo re than 270℃.Syste matical characte rization results suggest that when the adsorbed surface oxygen,lattice oxygen,specific surface area and total reduction amount of the catalysts reach a certain value,the key factors leading to the difference of catalytic activity become the readily reducible and highly dispersed surface manganese oxide species and contact performance of the external surface.The surface manganese oxide species is beneficial to improving the low-temperature reducibility of catalysts and the porous surface is conducive to the contact between catalyst and soot.Furthermore,for the soot combustion reaction containing only O_(2),the promoting effect of Mn^(4+)is not obvious.