Adsorption of Cu^(2+), Zn^(2+) and Cd^(2+) on Bacillus subtilis

Cu^(2+) 的简历吸着的一个过程， Zn^(2+) 和调查的杆菌 subtiliswas 上的 Cd^(2+) 。实验证明简历吸着的过程是相当快的。最大的吸附在 5 min 以后被到达并且几乎没随着时间变化。试验性的数据用四吸着被分析运动模型：伪 first-order， Ritchie 秒顺序， modifiedsecond 顺序和 Elovich 方程，它帮助为金属离子的吸着决定最好合适的方程到生物资源上。结果证明 Ritchie 秒顺序和修改秒顺序方程能适合试验性的数据。兰米尔模型能精确地在 B 上描述 Cu^(2+) 和 Zn^(2+) 的吸附。敏锐，试验性的数据在 B 上吸附 Cd^(2+) 和 Zn^(2+) 指。敏锐被等温线建模的 Freundlich 描述。

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Mo/Au/S Cluster [Et_4N][Mo_2S_4(AuPPh_3)(edt)_2]· 0.25Et_2O·0.25MeOH(edt=Ethanedithiolate)

Reactions of the preformed cluster precursor [Et4N]2[Mo2S2（μ-S）2（edt）2] （edt = ethanedithiolate） （1） with [Au（PPh3）Cl] in MeOH/MeCN gave rise to a new heterobimetallic Mo/Au/S cluster [Et4N][Mo2S4（AuPPh3）（edt）2]·0.25Et2O·0.25MeOH （2·0.25Et2O·0.25MeOH）. It was characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum and X-ray analysis. 2·0.25Et2O·0.25MeOH crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 20.117（4）, b = 9.2705（19）, c = 44.418（9） A^°, β= 93.19（3）°, V = 8271（3） A^°^3, Z = 8, Dc = 1.794 g/cm^3, T = 193 K, C31.25H43AuMo2NO0.50PS8, Mr = 1116.96, F（000） = 4380, μ（MoKa） = 4.603 mm^-1, S = 1.019, R = 0.0672 and wR = 0.1708 for 7243 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. The anion of 2 consists of a butterfly-shaped Mo2S4Au core in which one [AuPPh3]^＋ cation is coordinated by one bridging S and two terminal S atoms of the [（edt）2Mo2（S）2（μ-S）2] moiety. The Au（I） center adopts a pseudo-tetrahedral coordination geometry, and the Au-S bond lengths vary from 2.425（2） to 2.898（3）A^°.

Synthesis of High Surface Area and Well Crystallized Mesoporous WC at Low Temperature with a Pore Structure Collapsed Replication Route

An approach named ＂pore structure collapsed replication route＂ has been developed to prepare mesoporous WC materials with a high surface area （105 m2/g） and crystallized framework at a temperature as low as 700 ℃. The XRD, TEM, EDS, and BET characterizations were conducted to analyze the effects of the synthesis parameters and the template types on the structure of mesoporous WC. The compaction on the templates is the key to form mesoporous structure of WC while the templates help to control the size of crystalline. At a content of 7 wt% for the precursor of WC, the mesoporous WC could be formed with well ordered structure.

A review on the rational design and fabrication of nanosized highentropy materials

High-entropy materials are mainly composed of high-entropy alloys(HEAs)and their derivates.Among them,HEAs account for a big part.As a new kind of alloy,they are now arousing great interests because of their high mechanical strength,extraordinary fracture toughness,corrosion resistance compared with traditional alloys.These characteristics allow the use of HEAs in various fields,including mechanical manufacturing,heat-resistant,radiation-resistant,corrosion-resistant,wear-resistant coatings,energy storage,heterocatalysis,etc.In order to promote the extensive application of HEAs,it is of significance to realize their rational design and preparation.In this paper,a systematic review focusing on the rational design and fabrication of nanosized HEAs is given.The design principles of how to match different elements in HEAs and the premise for the formation of single-phase solid solution HEAs are first illustrated.Computation methods for the prediction of formation conditions and properties of HEAs are also in discussion.Then,a detailed description and comparison of the synthesis methods of HEAs and their derivate,as well as their growing mechanism under various synthetic environments is provided.The commonly used characterization methods for the detection of HEAs,along with the typical cases of the application of HEAs in industrial materials,energy storage materials and catalytic materials are also included.Finally,the challenges and perspectives in the design and synthesis of HEAs would be proposed.We hope this review will give guidance for the future development of HEAs materials.

Esterification of Free Fatty Acids in Waste Cooking Oil by Heterogeneous Catalysts

Waste cooking oil(WCO) is becoming the most promising alternative feedstock to produce biodiesel due to its low cost in China. In this study, NKC-9 ion-exchange resin and H-beta zeolite were selected as heterogeneous catalysts in the WCO esterification process and their esterification characteristics were compared by orthogonal experiments. NKC-9 resin showed higher activity and achieved a higher final conversion compared with H-beta zeolite under the same reaction conditions. Reusability experiments showed that NKC-9 resin still exhibited high activity after 5 runs. The effects of the mole ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction time, reaction temperature and the catalyst dose were investigated by multifactor orthogonal analysis. The influence of the free fatty acid(FFA) content was also investigated, and the result showed that the esterification rate could be as high as 98.4% when the FFA content was 6.3wt%.

Understanding the macroscopical flexibility/fragility of nanoporous Ag:Depending on network connectivity and micro-defects

The effective engineering applications of nanoporous metals(NPMs)in flexible energy storage and wearable healthcare biosensor monitoring require its uniform ligaments network,specifically crack-free and flexible monolithic bodies.However,the macroscopic fragility of NPMs restricts their applications in wearable electronics fields.Here we focus on the synthetization of highly flexible NPMs.The effects of structural factors,e.g.ligament-network connectivity and micro-cracks on the mechanical properties of nanoporous Ag(np Ag)are investigated.The well-interconnected np Ag metal exhibits higher tensile strength,nanohardness and Vickers hardness than those for the ill-interconnected np Ag metal.The quality of the network connectivity dominates the strength and hardness of the np Ag.The flexibility/fragility is determined by the micro-crack in np Ag.The crack-free np Ag exhibits good flexible behavior.When micro-cracks are introduced,the np Ag becomes fragile.The control of soft volume shrinkage rate(Vsr)and slow surface diffusivity(Ds)effectively suppresses the crack initiation and propagation of as-formed np Ag.These results provide useful insights to synthesize more flexible and crack-free NPM materials for effective use in public wearable electronics and diverse flexible engineering applications in the future.

Impact of isomers on the photovoltaic properties of polymerized small-molecule acceptors

All-polymer solar cells(all-PSCs)have attracted tremendous research interests due to their inherent advantages of excellent mechanical flexibility,film formation,and morphological stability.Recently,the development of polymerized small-molecule acceptors(PSMAs)has boosted the power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)of all-PSCs to over 18%.Polymerization sites on the terminal groups of small molecule acceptors play a decisive role in determining the absorption spectra,frontier molecular orbital energy levels,molecular packing and crystallinity,charge carrier mobilities and device performance of polymer acceptors.In this perspective,we focus on the latest advances of region-specific terminal groups and region-regular PSMAs,aiming to summarize the relationship between molecular structure–physicochemical properties–active layer morphology–device performance.Finally,the future design directions and challenges faced by region-specific terminal groups and regionregular PSMAs are discussed.In this Perspective article,we advocate that the region-regular PSMAs approach can advance better designs for high-performance polymer acceptors with good batch-to-batch reproducibility.

高熵合金作为一种优异电催化剂的理解、合理设计和应用:综述

高熵合金近年来在电催化领域广受关注.由于其四大“核心效应”,即高熵效应、晶格畸变效应、迟滞扩散效应和鸡尾酒效应,高熵合金在诸多电催化反应中展现出了优异的活性和选择性.然而在已报道的文献综述中,有关其优异性能的理解以及合理设计的系统性总结仍然具有局限性.本文不仅综述了高熵合金电催化剂的特点和设计准则,还对其应用的最新进展进行了系统性的归纳整理,对高熵合金未来的发展具有指导意义.首先我们从多个角度阐明了高熵合金作为一种优异电催化剂的原因,包括其出色的机械性能、可优化的结构和组成、大量具有高本征活性的活性位点,以及出色的稳定性.为了进一步深入对高熵合金电催化剂的理解,我们还从设计准则、元素选择,以及理论计算预测材料性质等角度,详细介绍了高熵合金的合理设计.随后,我们介绍了高熵合金电催化剂在电解水、有机小分子氧化、燃料电池和碳/氮基转化反应的最新研究进展,其中还包括了一系列理论计算和原位表征在理解催化反应机理方面的应用.最后,我们展望了高熵合金电催化剂在未来发展中面临的挑战和机遇.

Highly efficient nanoporous CoBP electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction

Water splitting is an environment friendly and efficient way to produce hydrogen.Highly efficient and low-cost non-noble metal catalysts play an important role in hydrogen evolution reaction(HER).Dealloying is a simple method to prepare three-dimensional self-supporting nanoporous materials without conductive supports and binders.In this work,we prepared self-supporting nanoporous CoBP electrocatalyst by dealloying method.The influence of the synergistic effect of nonmetallic elements on catalytic activity was investigated.The synergistic electronic effect of Co,B and P atoms on the surface optimizes the H atoms desorption and results in superior HER activity.The bi-continuous structure of nanoporous CoBP provides more active area and favors of electron and electrolyte transfer.The nanoporous CoBP with the B/P atomic ratio of 1/3 exhibits low overpotential of 42 mV at 10 mA·cm^(-2),small Tafel slope of 39.8 mV·dec-1 and good long-term stability with no performance decrease for 20 h in alkaline solution.

Hierarchical Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)nanocomposites as efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)through water splitting is a promising way to solve the energy shortage.Noble-metal-free HER electrocatalysts with high efficiency is very important for practical applications.Herein,we prepare the Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)electrocatalyst on carbon cloth(CC)through a two-step hydrothermal process.The Ni_(3)S_(4)nanorods are uniformly integrated with the MoS_(2)nanosheets,forming a hierarchical structure and heterogeneous interfaces.The fast electron transfer on the interface enhances the kinetics of catalytic reaction.The hierarchical structure provides more exposed active sites.The Ni_(3)S_(4)@MoS_(2)/CC exhibits good catalytic activity and long-term stability for HER.This work provided a practicable strategy to develop efficient electrocatalysts for HER in alkaline media.

双相纳米结构化可实现纳米多孔金属的优异柔性与综合力学性能

纳米多孔金属的力学性能对其在柔性电子领域的应用具有重要意义.本文报道了一种高强度、高硬度、柔韧性好的纳米多孔Cu@Zr-Cu-Al金属玻璃(NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG)复合材料,该材料采用两步脱合金法合成.首先,从Cu_(46)Zr_(23.5)Y_(23.5)Al_(7)合金的伪二元MG体系(Zr_(47)Cu_(46)Al_(7)MG+Y_(47)Cu_(46)Al_(7)MG)中选择性蚀刻活性富Y的MG相,制备了柔性纳米多孔Zr-Cu-Al金属玻璃(NP Zr-Cu-Al MG).进一步蚀刻得到NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG,其中Cu层均匀地覆盖在MG韧带基体上.由于NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG的无裂纹结构和柔性Zr-Cu-Al MG的存在,使其具有良好的柔性.NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG的抗拉强度高达143.9 MPa,纳米硬度高达0.79 GPa.Zr-Cu-Al MG强化相抑制了Cu@Zr-Cu-Al韧带的断裂,有效抑制了裂纹在NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG中的萌生和扩展,提高了复合材料的综合力学性能.NP Cu@Zr-Cu-Al MG可直接用作超级电容器和葡萄糖生物传感器的电极,比纯NP Zr-Cu-Al MG电极展现出更好的电导率和超电容容量.

Self-supporting amorphous nanoporous NiFeCoP electrocatalyst for efficient overall water splitting

The design of cost-effective and earth-abundant bifunctional electrocatalysts for highly efficient oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)is important for water splitting as an advanced renewable energy transformation system.In this work,the self-supporting amorphous Ni Fe Co P catalyst with nanoporous structure via a facile electrochemical dealloying method is reported.Benefiting from the bicontinuous nanostructure,disordered atomic arrangement,abundant active sites and synergic effect of various transition metals,the as-prepared nanoporous NiFeCoP(np-NiFeCoP)catalyst exhibits good electrocatalytic activity,which achieves the current densities of 10 mA cm^(-2) at low overpotentials of 244 mV and 105 mV for OER and HER in 1.0 M KOH,respectively.In addition,the bifunctional electrocatalyst also shows outstanding and durable electrocatalytic activity in water splitting with a small voltage of 1.62 V to drive a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2) in a two-electrode electrolyzer system.The present work would provide a feasible strategy to explore the efficient and low-cost bifunctional electrocatalysts toward overall water splitting.

Nonfused-Core-Small-Molecule-Acceptor-Based Polymer Acceptors for All-Polymer Solar Cells

Polymerizing the narrow bandgap small-molecule architecture with a conjugated linking unit(or called the polymerized small molecule acceptors(PSMAs))is a promising strategy to design polymer acceptors for efficient all polymer solar cells(all-PSCs).Currently,the fused-ring-based small molecule acceptors(SMAs)are preferred monomers to design efficient PSMAs,leaving the challenge of reducing the materials cost.In this work,we firstly employ nonfused-core SMA with simple synthetic procedures to design PSMAs(namely PBTI-H,PBTI-F and PBTI-Cl)to address this issue.Relative to the fused-ring based counterparts,these three PSMAs exhibit much higher figure-of-merit value.Additionally,a power-conversion efficiency of 8.80%is achieved in the PBTI-Cl-based all-PSC.The results offer an attractive approach to design low-cost PSMAs for efficient all-PSCs.