Evaluating Conservation Effectiveness of Nature Reserves Established for Surrogate Species:Case of a Giant Panda Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains,China

Many nature reserves are established to protect the habitat needs of particular endangered species of interest but their effectiveness for protecting other species is questionable.In this study,this effectiveness was evaluated in a nature reserve network located in the Qinling Mountains,Shaanxi Province,China.The network of reserves was established mainly for the conservation of the giant panda,a species considered as a surrogate for the conservation of many other endangered species in the region.The habitat suitability of nine protected species,including the giant panda,was modeled by using Maximum Entropy(MAXENT)and their spatial congruence was analyzed.Habitat suitability of these species was also overlapped with nature reserve boundaries and their management zones(i.e.,core,buffer and experimental zones).Results show that in general the habitat of the giant panda constitutes a reasonable surrogate of the habitat of other protected species,and giant panda reserves protect a relatively high proportion of the habitat of other protected species.Therefore,giant panda habitat conservation also allows the conservation of the habitat of other protected species in the region.However,a large area of suitable habitat was excluded from the nature reserve network.In addition,four species exhibited a low proportion of highly suitable habitat inside the core zones of nature reserves.It suggests that a high proportion of suitable habitat of protected species not targeted for conservation is located in the experimental and buffer zones,thus,is being affected by human activities.To increase their conservation effectiveness,nature reserves and their management zones need to be re-examined in order to include suitable habitat of more endangered species.The procedures described in this study can be easily implemented for the conservation of many endangered species not only in China but in many other parts of the world.

Poetizing Art of Enframed Scenery

Enframed scenery was classified into 4 categories:door and window enframed scenery,railing and column enframed scenery,tree enframed scenery,cave and crack enframed scenery.Demonstration of poetizing art in such 4 categories of enframed scenery was analyzed,application of enframed scenery in modern landscape architecture was introduced,and cultural connotations of enframed scenery were further explored.

青年亚文化视角下广告设计中的情感诉求方式研究

青年亚文化反映了青年文化的共性,同时保持自身的特点。文中探讨了在青年亚文化影响下广告设计的感性诉求表达方式,指出在青年亚文化的影响下,情感诉求在广告设计中的表达应该更加注重差异化和个性化,更加注重个性的满足和精神的愉悦。以期对国内情感诉求的广告设计及表现提供一些借鉴和启发。