Design of AI-Enhanced and Hardware-Supported Multimodal E-Skin for Environmental Object Recognition and Wireless Toxic Gas Alarm

Post-earthquake rescue missions are full of challenges due to the unstable structure of ruins and successive aftershocks.Most of the current rescue robots lack the ability to interact with environments,leading to low rescue efficiency.The multimodal electronic skin(e-skin)proposed not only reproduces the pressure,temperature,and humidity sensing capabilities of natural skin but also develops sensing functions beyond it—perceiving object proximity and NO2 gas.Its multilayer stacked structure based on Ecoflex and organohydrogel endows the e-skin with mechanical properties similar to natural skin.Rescue robots integrated with multimodal e-skin and artificial intelligence(AI)algorithms show strong environmental perception capabilities and can accurately distinguish objects and identify human limbs through grasping,laying the foundation for automated post-earthquake rescue.Besides,the combination of e-skin and NO2 wireless alarm circuits allows robots to sense toxic gases in the environment in real time,thereby adopting appropriate measures to protect trapped people from the toxic environment.Multimodal e-skin powered by AI algorithms and hardware circuits exhibits powerful environmental perception and information processing capabilities,which,as an interface for interaction with the physical world,dramatically expands intelligent robots’application scenarios.

Mitigation of N_(2)O emissions in water-saving paddy fields:Evaluating organic fertilizer substitution and microbial mechanisms

Water-saving irrigation strategies can successfully alleviate methane emissions from rice fields,but significantly stimulate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions because of variations in soil oxygen level and redox potential.However,the relationship linking soil N_(2)O emissions to nitrogen functional genes during various fertilization treatments in water-saving paddy fields has rarely been investigated.Furthermore,the mitigation potential of organic fertilizer substitution on N_(2)O emissions and the microbial mechanism in rice fields must be further elucidated.Our study examined how soil N_(2)O emissions were affected by related functional microorganisms(ammonia-oxidizing archaea(AOA),ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB),nirS,nirK and nosZ)to various fertilization treatments in a rice field in southeast China over two years.In this study,three fertilization regimes were applied to rice cultivation:a no nitrogen(N)(Control),an inorganic N(Ni),and an inorganic N with partial N substitution with organic manure(N_(i)+N_(o)).Over two rice-growing seasons,cumulative N_(2)O emissions averaged 0.47,4.62 and 4.08 kg ha^(−1)for the Control,Ni and N_(i)+N_(o)treatments,respectively.In comparison to the Ni treatment,the N_(i)+N_(o)fertilization regime considerably reduced soil N_(2)O emissions by 11.6%while maintaining rice yield,with a lower N_(2)O emission factor(EF)from fertilizer N of 0.95%.Nitrogen fertilization considerably raised the AOB,nirS,nirK and nosZ gene abundances,in comparison to the Control treatment.Moreover,the substitution of organic manure for inorganic N fertilizer significantly decreased AOB and nirS gene abundances and increased nosZ gene abundance.The AOB responded to N fertilization more sensitively than the AOA.Total N_(2)O emissions significantly correlated positively with AOB and nirS gene abundances while having a negative correlation with nosZ gene abundance and the nosZ/nirS ratio across N-fertilized plots.In summary,we conclude that organic manure substitution for inorganic N fertilizer decreased soil N_(2)O emissions primarily by changing the soil NO_(3)^(−)-N,pH and DOC levels,thus inhibiting the activities of ammonia oxidation in nitrification and nitrite reduction in denitrification,and strengthening N_(2)O reduction in denitrification from water-saving rice paddies.

Effect of integration of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization gypsum on dealkalization of bauxite residue

The synergistic impact of mechanical ball milling and flue gas desulfurization(FGD)gypsum on the dealkalization of bauxite residue was investigated through integrated analyses of solution chemistry,mineralogy,and microtopography.The results showed a significant decrease in Na_(2)O content(>30 wt.%)of FGD gypsum-treated bauxite residue after 30 min of mechanical ball milling.Mechanical ball milling resulted in differentiation of the elemental distribution,modification of the minerals in crystalline structure,and promotion in the dissolution of alkaline minerals,thus enhancing the acid neutralization capacity of bauxite residue.5 wt.%FGD gypsum combined with 30 min mechanical ball milling was optimal for the dealkalization of bauxite residue.

Environmental effect and treatment of urban construction in geotechnical engineering

The interact of construction and circumstance becomes more and more obviously,and research on it is essentially urgent.The way to solve it,first it relies on quantifiable evaluation to the effects done by different construction techniques,then,choose related techniques which cause less damage according to the endurance of circumstance.

nSrDNA Appraisal of High Yield Flocculant Compound Bacteria and Their Application Effect

High effect flocculant compound bacteria were screened out with the product bacteria of flocculant in soil. Their system appraising study shows that two were actionomyces and the other was microzyme among the three bacteria. According to nSrDNA, the three bacteria were marked at a molecule level and the system growth tree was established, ensuring the position of compound bacteria at the molecule level. The purificant which was made of the compound bacteria has spreading value because of its excellent clearing effect for organic and inorganic polluted water.

Distribution of Aluminum and Fluoride in Tea Plant and Soil of Tea Garden in Central and Southwest China

The distribution of Al and F contents and the relationship between Al and F in tea plants and soils of 12 tea gardens in Central and Southwest China were investigated from October 31 to November 14, 2006. The results show that there were differences in pH, CEC, the contents of organic matter （OM）, Al and F in the different soils of the tea gardens. The Al content ranged from 1196 to 7976mg/kg for old leaf, 370 to 2681mg/kg for young leaf and 285 to 525mg/kg for stem, whereas the content of F ranged from 221 to 1504mg/kg for old leaf, 49 to 602mg/kg for young leaf and 13.5 to 77.5mg/kg for stem. The concentrations of labile Al varied obviously in the different soils, but the distribution law of labile Al content for the same garden was Alexchangeable≈AlFe.Mn oxide〉Alorganic〉mlwater.soluble. The contents of different labile F fractions varied slightly in the different soils and the different soil layers, though the exchangeable F content was lowest among the labile F in the soils. The concentrations of Al and F in tea plants increased with increasing amount of water-soluble Al or F, especially the amount of water-soluble fractions in the soil layer of 0-20cm. The correlation between Al content and F content in the tea leaf was more significant than that in the tea stem. Furthermore, the correlation between Al content and F content in whole tea plant was strongly significant （r=0.8763, p〈0.01, n=36）. There were evident tendency that Al concentration increased with the increase of F concentration in different soil layers. The correlation of water-soluble Al with water-soluble F in all soils was also strongly significant （r=0.7029, p〈0.01, n=34）. The results may provide a proof that Al and F are jointly taken up by tea plants to some extent in natural tea gardens.

Assessment of Point and Nonpoint Sources Pollution in Songhua River Basin,Northeast China by Using Revised Water Quality Model

Individual participation of pollutants in the pollution load should be estimated even if roughly for the appropriate environmental management of a river basin.It is difficult to identify the sources and to quantify the load, especially in modeling nonpoint source.In this study a revised model was established by integrating point and nonpoint sources into one-dimensional Streeter-Phelps(S-P) model on the basis of real-time hydrologic data and surface water quality monitoring data in the Jilin Reach of the Songhua River Basin.Chemical oxygen demand(COD) and ammonia nitrogen(NH 3-N) loads were estimated.Results showed that COD loads of point source and nonpoint source were 134 958 t/yr and 86 209 t/yr, accounting for 61.02% and 38.98% of total loads, respectively.NH 3-N loads of point source and nonpoint source were 16 739 t/yr and 14 272 t/yr, accounting for 53.98% and 46.02%, respectively.Point source pollution was stronger than nonpoint source pollution in the study area at present.The water quality of upstream was better than that of downstream of the rivers and cities.It is indispensable to treat industrial wastewater and municipal sewage out of point sources, to adopt the best management practices to control diffuse pollutants from agricultural land and urban surface runoff in improving water quality of the Songhua River Basin.The revised S-P model can be successfully used to identify pollution source and quantify point source and nonpoint source loads by calibrating and validating.

Evaluation of Two Absolute Radiometric Normalization Algorithms for Pre-processing of Landsat Imagery

In order to evaluate radiometric normalization techniques, two image normalization algorithms for absolute radiometric correction of Landsat imagery were quantitatively compared in this paper, which are the Illumination Correction Model proposed by Markham and Irish and the Illumination and Atmospheric Correction Model developed by the Remote Sensing and GIS Laboratory of the Utah State University. Relative noise, correlation coefficient and slope value were used as the criteria for the evaluation and comparison, which were derived from pseudo-invarlant features identified from multitemporal Landsat image pairs of Xiamen （厦门） and Fuzhou （福州） areas, both located in the eastern Fujian （福建） Province of China. Compared with the unnormalized image, the radiometric differences between the normalized multitemporal images were significantly reduced when the seasons of multitemporal images were different. However, there was no significant difference between the normalized and unnorrealized images with a similar seasonal condition. Furthermore, the correction results of two algorithms are similar when the images are relatively clear with a uniform atmospheric condition. Therefore, the radiometric normalization procedures should be carried out if the multitemporal images have a significant seasonal difference.

Human induced dryland degradation in Ordos Plateau,China,revealed by multilevel statistical modeling of normalized difference vegetation index and rainfall time-series

Land degradation causes serious environmental problems in many regions of the world, and although it can be effectively assessed and monitored using a time series of rainfall and a normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） from remotely-sensed imagery, dividing human-induced land degradation from vegetation dynamics due to climate change is not a trivial task. This paper presented a multilevel statistical modeling of the NDVI-rainfall relationship to detect human-induced land degradation at local and landscape scales in the Ordos Plateau of Inner Mongolia, China, and recognized that anthropogenic activities result in either positive （land restoration and re-vegetation） or negative （degradation） trends. Linear regressions were used to assess the accuracy of the multi- level statistical model. The results show that： （1） land restoration was the dominant process in the Ordos Plateau between 1998 and 2012; （2） the effect of the statistical removal of precipitation revealed areas of human-induced land degradation and improvement, the latter reflecting successful restoration projects and changes in land man- agement in many parts of the Ordos; （3） compared to a simple linear regression, multilevel statistical modeling could be used to analyze the relationship between the NDVI and rainfall and improve the accuracy of detecting the effect of human activities. Additional factors should be included when analyzing the NDVI-rainfall relationship and detecting human-induced loss of vegetation cover in drylands to improve the accuracy of the approach and elimi- nate some observed non-significant residual trends.

Improving the denitration performance and K-poisoning resistance of the V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2 catalyst by Ce^(4+) and Zr^(4+) co-doping

A series of V2O5‐WO3/TiO2‐ZrO2,V2O5‐WO3/TiO2‐CeO2,and V2O5‐WO3/TiO2‐CeO2‐ZrO2 catalysts were synthesized to improve the selective catalytic reduction(SCR)performance and the K‐poisoning resistance of a V2O5‐WO3/TiO2 catalyst.The physicochemical properties were investigated by using XRD,BET,NH3‐TPD,H2‐TPR,and XPS,and the catalytic performance and K‐poisoning resistance were evaluated via a NH3‐SCR model reaction.Ce^4+and Zr^4+co‐doping were found to enhance the conversion of NOx,and exhibit the best K‐poisoning resistance owing to the largest BET‐specific surface area,pore volume,and total acid site concentration,as well as the minimal effects on the surface acidity and redox ability from K poisoning.The V2O5‐WO3/TiO2‐CeO2‐ZrO2 catalyst also presents outstanding H2O+SO2 tolerance.Finally,the in situ DRIFTS reveals that the NH3‐SCR reaction over the V2O5‐WO3/TiO2‐CeO2‐ZrO2 catalyst follows an L‐H mechanism,and that K poisoning does not change the reaction mechanism.

The pivotal effects of oxygen vacancy on Bi_2MoO_6:Promoted visible light photocatalytic activity and reaction mechanism

Bi2MoO6,a typical Bi-based photocatalyst,has received increasing interests and been widely applied in various fields.However,the visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 is still restricted by some obstacles,such as limited photo-response and low charge separation efficiency.In this work,we developed a facile method to introduce artificial oxygen vacancy into Bi2MoO6 microspheres,which could effectively address these problems and realize highly efficient visible light photocatalysis.The experimental and theoretical methods were combined to explore the effects of oxygen vacancy on the electronic structure,photocatalytic activity and the reaction mechanism toward NO removal.The results showed that the addition of NaBH4 during catalyst preparation induced the formation of oxygen vacancy in Bi2MoO6,which plays a significant role in extending the visible light absorption of Bi2MoO6.The visible light photocatalytic activity of Bi2MoO6 with oxygen vacancy was obviously enhanced with a NO removal ratio of 43.5%,in contrast to that of 25.0%with the pristine Bi2MoO6.This can be attributed to the oxygen vacancy that creates a defect energy level in the band gap of Bi2MoO6,thus facilitating the charge separation and transfer processes.Hence,more reactive radicals were generated and participated in the photocatalytic NO oxidation reaction.The in situ FT-IR was used to dynamically monitor the photocatalytic NO oxidation process.The reaction intermediates were observed and the adsorption-reaction mechanism was proposed.It was found that the reaction mechanism was unchanged by introducing the oxygen vacancy in Bi2MoO6.This work could provide new insights into the understanding of the oxygen vacancy in photocatalysis and gas-phase photocatalytic reaction mechanism.

Leaching potential and changes in components of metals in two acidic ferrisols

Two acidic ferrisols, i.e., red soil （RS） and yellow red soil （YRS）, from the vicinity regions of non-ferrous ores in Hunan province of China, were leached with simulated acid rain through artificial column experiments. The results show that the total leaching mass of metals are m（Zn）〉m（Cu）〉m（Cd） from the original soils and m（Cd）〉m（Zn）〉〉 m（Cu） from the contaminated soils with external metals after leaching for 60 d continuously, leaching quantities of Cd and Zn from the contaminated red soil （CRS） are more than that from the contaminated yellow red soil （CYRS）, but for Cu, it is almost the same. The preferential fractions for leaching are mainly in exchangeable forms, and content of exchangeable forms decreases significantly in the contaminated soil profiles. The unstable fractions of Cd, Cu and Zn in the RS and YRS increase significantly with the decrease of pH value of simulated acid rain. Changes of fi, actions of external Cd, Cu, and Zn in the residual CRS and CYRS profiles are significantly affected by the acidity of acid rain, too. After leaching for 60 d continuously, Cd exists mostly in exchangeable form, Cu exists mainly in exchangeable, manganese oxide-occluded and organically bounding forms, and Zn exists in residual in CRS and CYRS profiles. Most of exchangeable Cd and Zn exist only small in surface layer （0-20 cm） and are transferred to the sub-layers, contrarily, Cu accumulates mostly in the topsoil （0-20 cm） with low translocation.

Effect of Interaction of Non-residual Fractions on Adsorption of Atrazine onto Surficial Sediments and Natural Surface Coating Samples

To quantify the effect of the interaction of non-residual fractions[Fe oxides（Fe）, Mn oxide（Mn）, organic materials（OMs）] in the surficial sediments and the natural surface coating samples on the adsorption of atrazine（AT）, an AT multiple regression adsorption model（AT-MRAM） was developed. The AT-MRAM improves upon the previous AT additional adsorption model（AT-AAM） with superior goodness-of-fit test（adjusted R2=ca.1.000）, F-test and t-test（P〈0.01）, and reveals the effect of the interaction among the components in the surficial sediments（SSs） and na- tural surface coatings samples（NSCSs） on the adsorption of AT, which was neglected by the AT-AAM. Meanwhile, the AT-MRAM was also verified through adsorption experiments of AT and the relative deviation between predicted maximum adsorption of AT and the experimental one is less than 15%. The resulted information shows that Mn is prone to interact with other non-residual components, the total maximum adsorption of AT is inversly proportional to the level of Mn, and Fe and OMs facilitate the adsorption of AT. The results also indicate that the adsorption of AT is not only dominated by Fe, OMs, Fe/OMs, but also restrained by Fe/Mn, Fe/Mn/OMs, with lesser roles attributed to Mn, and the estimated AT distributions among the components do not agree with that previously predicted by the AT-AAM, especially with the relative contribution of Mn to the adsorption of AT, revealing significant contribution of the interactions among non-residual components in controlling the behavior of AT in aquatic environments.

Comprehensive Analysis and Artificial Intelligent Simulation of Land Subsidence of Beijing, China

Mechanism and modeling of the land subsidence are complex because of the complicate geological background in Beijing, China. This paper analyzed the spatial relationship between land subsidence and three factors, including the change of groundwater level, the thickness of compressible sediments and the building area by using remote sensing and GIS tools in the upper-middle part of alluvial-proluvial plain fan of the Chaobai River in Beijing. Based on the spatial analysis of the land subsidence and three factors, there exist significant non-linear relationship between the vertical displacement and three factors. The Back Propagation Neural Network (BPN) model combined with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to simulate regional distribution of the land subsidence. Results showed that at field scale, the groundwater level and land subsidence showed a significant linear relationship. However, at regional scale, the spatial distribution of groundwater depletion funnel did not overlap with the land subsidence funnel. As to the factor of compressible strata, the places with the biggest compressible strata thickness did not have the largest vertical displacement. The distributions of building area and land subsidence have no obvious spatial relationships. The BPN-GA model simulation results illustrated that the accuracy of the trained model during fifty years is acceptable with an error of 51% of verification data less than 20 mm and the average of the absolute error about 32 mm. The BPN model could be utilized to simulate the general distribution of land subsidence in the study area. Overall, this work contributes to better understand the complex relationship between the land subsidence and three influencing factors. And the distribution of the land subsidence can be simulated by the trained BPN-GA model with the limited available dada and acceptable accuracy.

Selective extraction and separation of Fe,Mn oxides and organic materials in river surficial sediments

In order to investigate the adsorption mechanism of trace metals to surficial sediments （SSs）, a selective extraction procedure was improved in the present work. The selective extraction procedure has been proved to selectively remove and separate Fe, Mn oxides and organic materials （OMs） in the non-residual fraction from the SSs collected in Songhua River, China. After screening different kinds of conventional extractants of Fe and Mn oxides and OMs used for separation of heavy metals in the soils and sediments, NH2OH .HCl （0.1 mol/L） ＋ HNO3 （0.1 mol/L）, （NH4）2C2O4 （0.2 mol/L） ＋ H2C2O4 （pH 3.0）, and 30% of H2O2 were respectively applied to selectively extract Mn oxides, Fe/Mn oxides and OMs. After the extraction treatments, the target components were removed with extraction efficiencies between 86.09%--3.36% for the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment, 80.63%- 101.09% for the oxalate solution extraction, and 94.76%-102.83% for the hydrogen peroxide digestion, respectively. The results indicate that this selective extraction technology was effective for the extraction and separation ofFe, Mn oxides and OMs in the SSs, and important for further mechanism study of trace metal adsorption onto SSs.

Synergistic integration of metallic Bi and defects on BiOI: Enhanced photocatalytic NO removal and conversion pathway

Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)of metals may provide a way to improve light absorption and utilization of semiconductors,achieving better solar light conversion and photocatalysis efficiency.This study uses the advantages of SPR in metallic Bi and artificial defects to cooperatively enhance the photocatalytic performance of BiOI.The catalysts were prepared by partial reduction of BiOI to form Bi@defective BiOI,which showed highly enhanced visible photocatalytic activity for NOx removal.The effects of reductant quantity on the photocatalytic performance of Bi@defective BiOI were investigated.The as-prepared photocatalyst(Bi/BiOI-2)using 2 mmol of reductant NaBH4 showed the most efficient visible light photocatalytic activity.This enhanced activity can be ascribed to the synergistic effects of metallic Bi and oxygen vacancies.The electrons from the valence band tend to accumulate at vacancy states;therefore,the increased charge density would cause the adsorbed oxygen to transform more easily into superoxide radicals and,further,into hydroxyl radicals.These radicals are the main active species that oxidize NO into final products.The SPR effect of elemental Bi enables the improvement of visible light absorption efficiency and the promotion of charge carrier separation,which are crucial factors in boosting photocatalysis.NO adsorption and reaction processes on Bi/BiOI-2 were dynamically monitored by in situ infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).The Bi/BiOI photocatalysis mechanism co-mediated by elemental Bi and oxygen vacancies was proposed based on the analysis of intermediate products and DFT calculations.This present work could provide new insights into the design of high-performance photocatalysts and understanding of the photocatalysis reaction mechanism for air-purification applications.

Analysis of Organic Acids Accumulated in Kochia Scoparia Shoots and Roots by Reverse-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography Under Salt and Alkali Stress

Several organic acids accumulated in Kochia Scoparia shoots and roots were studied by means of reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography with a C18 column. Five types of binary organic acids were separated. The organic acid concentrations were determined in K. Scoparia seedlings stressed by saline （NaCI） and alkaline （NaHCO3） at the same Na^＋ concentration. Concentrations of organic acids are stimulated by alkaline because the cells will adjust their pH values through the accumulation of organic acids, when the environment is basic. The concentrations of oxalic acid and succinic acid are higher than those of other organic acids, including tartaric acid and malic acid, and the concentration of citric acid is the lowest. The concentrations of the organic acids in the roots are higher than those in the shoots under salt（NaCI） stress, but the results are opposite while the roots are under alkali （ NaHCO3 ） stress. This indicates that there are different adaptive strategies for K. Scopar/a seedlings in organic acid metabolism under salt and alkali stress.

Synergetic and Antagonistic Effects of Cadmium on Adsorption of Atrazine on Surficial Sediments

Co-contamination of atrazine（AT） and cadmium（Cd） on the surficial sediments（SSs） and natural suface coating samples（NSCSs） was investigated via thermodynamic adsorption experiments. The results show that surface coatings have a stronger ability to adsorb AT owing to their higher active components compared with surficial sediments. Synergetic and antagonistic effects of Cd on the adsorption of AT were observed. Cd at a lower concentration（≤4.0 mg/L） in the solid/liquid phase enhanced AT adsorption onto the surficial sediments（surface coatings）, while the adsorption of AT would be inhibited at a Cd concentration of more than 8.0 mg/L： AT coordinates strongly to Cd, and AT-Cd complexes seem to be more strongly adsorbed on sediments than AT alone, and at the adsorption of AT can take place on the sites where Cd has been previously adsorbed and Cd acts as a bridge for the interaction be- tween sediments and AT. With the increase of Cd concentration, the superfluous Cd may hold much more adsorption sites and thus inhibits the adsorption of AT. Meanwhile, the effects of co-existed AT on Cd adsorption on SSs（NSCSs） were insignificant since Cd has a stronger competitive ability to be absorbed on SSs（NSCSs）. The present study could be useful in predicting interactions of the metal ions with herbicides and potentially aid the design of remediation strategies for contaminated sediments and groundwater.

Microstructures and thermal properties of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash

To analyze the feasibility of utilization of thermal technology in fly ash treatment, thermal properties and microstructures of municipal solid waste incineration （MSW1） fly ash were studied by measuring the chemical element composition, specific surface area, pore sizes, functional groups, TEM image, mineralogy and DSC-TG curves of raw and sintered fly ash specimens. The results show that MSWI fly ash particles mostly have irregular shapes and non-typical pore structure, and the supersonic treatment improves the pore structure; MSWI fly ash consists of Such crystals as SiO2, CaSO4 and silica-aluminates, and some soluble salts like KCl and NaCl. During the sintering process, mineralogy changes largely and novel solid solutions are produced gradually with the rise of temperature. Therefore, the utilization of a proper thermal technology not only destructs those persistent organic toxicants but also stabilizes hazardous heavy metals in MSWI fly ash.

Impact of Land-use Patterns on Distributed Groundwater Recharge and Discharge——A Case Study of Western Jilin,China

The impact of land-use on distributed groundwater recharge and discharge in the western Jilin (WJ) was analyzed in this study. WJ is a transitional, semi-arid zone with a fragile, hydrological closed ecosystem in the Songhua River Basin (SRB). The research tool includes a seamlessly linked MODFLOW, WetSpass, the Seepage packages, and ArcGIS. The model calibration showed good agreement between simulated water table elevation and measured water table depths, while predicted groundwater discharge zones showed strong correlations with field occurrences of drainage systems and wetlands. Simulated averages for distributed recharge, water table elevation and groundwater drawdown were 377.42mm/yr, 194.43m, and 0.18m respectively. Forest vegetation showed the highest recharge, followed by ag- ricultural farmlands, while open-water and other drainage systems constituted groundwater exit zones. When present land-use conditions were compared with the hypothetical natural pre-development scenario, an overall loss of ground- water recharge (24.09mm/yr) was observed, which for the project area is 18.05×108m3. Groundwater abstraction seemed to be the cause of water table drawdown, especially in the immediate vicinities of the supply wells. An important issue of the findings was the ability of the hypothetical forest vegetation to protect, and hence sustain aquifer reserves and dependent ecosystems. The profound data capture capability of ArcGIS makes it particularly useful in spa- tio-temporal hydroecological modeling.