Correlation analysis of climate comfort degree of tourism and annual variation of tourist flow in Tai’an, Shandong province

The tourism climate comfort degree can directly affect the trip of tourists,and can determine the length of the tourist season and the development of the tourist projects.In order to explore the relationship between the climate comfort degree and the annual variation of tourist flow combined with 1981-2010 climate related data,this paper analyzes the comfort degree of tourism climate in Tai’an,the annual change divide tourist season into high season,shoulder season and off-season.With regression analysis,the correlation between tourism climate comfort degree and annual variation of passenger flow is analyzed.The final result is as follows:As for Tai’an,in May and September the rank of humiditytemperature index(THI)is A,with the most pleasant climate,the most suitable for tourism activities.In April,August and October the rank of THI is B or b,represented as suitable climate,suitable for tourism activities.In June and July,the climate is hot,with a low tourism suitability grade,In February,March and November,the climate is cold,with a poor tourism suitability grade.In January and December the climate is frigid,not suitable for tourism activities.The final conclusion is below:the tourist traffic variation within the year is mainly affected by climate comfort effect.The elastic coefficient is 0.927%.In addition,the tourist traffic variation within the year is also affected by the summer vacation,the Golden Week and the impact of preferential policies.All the above provide a scientific basis for the prediction of Tai’an’s tourist flow in a year,the development of tourism and tourist scenic management.

Bio-geomorphologic features and growth process of Tamarix nabkhas in Hotan River Basin, Xinjiang

Tamarix nabkha is one of the most widespread nabkhas, distributing in the arid region of China. Based on the observations outdoors and the simulation experiments in laboratories, analysis in this paper refers to the biological geomorphologic features and growth process of Tamarix nabkhas in the middle and lower reaches of the Hotan River, Xinjiang. And the results indicate that the ecological type of Tamarix in the study area is a kind of Tugaic soil habitat based on the deep soil of the Populus Diversifolia forests and shrubs. This type of habitat can be divided into three kinds of sub-habitats which demonstrate the features of ecological environment of Tamarix nabkhas during the differential developed phases. Meanwhile, the Tamar, ix nabkha can exert intensified disturbance current on wind-sand flow on the ground,and its root and stems not only have strong potential of sprouting but are characteristic of wind erosion-tolerance, resistance to be buried by sand and respectively tough rigid of the lignified branches, for it has a rather longer life-time. Thus, the wind speed profile influenced by the Tamarix nabkha is different from the Phragmites nabkha and Alhagi nabkha. And the structure of the wind flow is beneficial to aeolian sand accumulating in/around Tamarix shrub, which can create unique Tamarix nabkhas with higher average gradient and longer periodicity of life. Tamarix nabkha evolution in the area experienced three stages： growth stage, mature and steady stage and withering stage. In each stage, morphological features and geomorphic process of Tamarix nabkha are different due to the discrep- ant interaction between the nabkha and aeolian sand flow.

The shape character and development stage of nebkha

Based on statistical analysis on morphological data of nebkhas surveyed in the Hotan River Basin,Xinjiang, the changing regularity and characters of nebkhas’ morphology in different development stageshave been discussed. Results indicate that there exist better correlation among length, width and altitudeof all kinds of nebkhas, but there are certain various shape characters in different nebkhas and the sametype of nebkhas in differential development stages. On account of analysis on mathematical imitation ofnebkhas’ shape characters, regional ecological environmental and aeolian characters, the development ofthe nebkha can be divided into a growing stage, a stabilizing stage and a declining stage.

Spatio-temporal variation of soil CO_(2) concentration in Loess Area of northwestern Shanxi Province,China

CO_(2) released by soil serves as an important link between terrestrial ecosystems and atmospheric CO_(2), whose small chang‐es may significantly affect the global carbon cycle. In order to reveal the spatio-temporal variations of CO_(2) concentrations in deep loess, this paper takes Qingliangsi Gully watershed in northwestern Shanxi Province, China as an example to sys‐tematically study soil CO_(2)concentration and its spatio-temporal variations and carbon sink significance under different watershed locations and different land use types. Results show that: (1) The release potential of the loess soil is larger in the depth range of 2 m, which is much more likely to be the CO_(2) release area. (2) Grassland and forest are more advanta‐geous in terms of soil microbial activity and soil carbon reserve compared with farmland. In addition, the change of land use type from farmland to grassland can increase soil organic carbon reserve, which is of far-reaching significance to the global carbon cycle. This is especially true in an area like the Loess Plateau with densely covered hills, gullies, and serious soil erosion in an area of 64×104 km2. (3) In the study area, the diurnal concentration of soil CO_(2) at different depths shows a weak "high-low-high-low" trend from 08:00 to 07:00 next day;and in deep soil it has a lag time compared with the daily change of temperature, generally about 4−12 h, which may be caused largely by the more compact loess structure. It is worth pointing out that the Loess Plateau in China, with a thickness of the loess of tens to hundreds of meters, has the most abundant soil resources in the world, and also stores a large amount of terrestrial soil carbon, which carries the hope of promoting the research of global carbon cycle.

Influencing mechanism of energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang based on the input-output and structural decomposition analysis

Analysis of carbon emission mechanism based on regional perspectives is an im- portant research method capable of achieving energy savings and emission reductions. Xin- jiang, an important Chinese energy production base, is currently going through a period of strategic opportunities for rapid development. Ensuring stable socio-economic development while achieving energy savings and meeting emission reductions targets, is the key issue currently facing the region. This paper is based on the input-output theory, and conducts a structural decomposition analysis on the factors affecting energy-related carbon emissions in Xinjiang from 1997 to 2007; this analysis employs a hybrid input-output analysis framework of ＂energy - economy - carbon emissions＂. （1） Xinjiang＇s carbon emissions from energy con- sumption increased from 20.70 million tons in 1997 to 40.34 million tons in 2007; carbon emissions growth was mainly concentrated in the production and processing of energy re- sources, the mining of mineral resources, and the processing industry. （2） The analysis of the direct effects of the influencing factors on carbon emissions showed that the change in per capita GDP, the final demand structure, the population scale, and the production structure were the important factors causing an increase in carbon emissions, while the decrease in carbon emission intensity during this period was the important influencing factor in stopping the growth of carbon emissions. This showed that while the sizes of Xinjiang＇s economy and population were growing, the economic structure had not been effectively optimized and the production technology had not been efficiently improved, resulting in a rapid growth of carbon emissions from energy consumption. （3） The analysis of the indirect effects of the influencing factors of carbon emission showed that the inter-provincial export, fixed capital formation, and the consumption by urban residents had significant influence on the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Xinjiang. （4） The growth of investments in fixed assets of carbon intensive industry sectors, in addition to the growth of inter-provincial exports ofenergy resource products, makes the transfer effect of inter-provincial ＂embodied carbon＂ very significant.

Study on Snow Line in the Tianshan Mountains Based on MODIS Image

Using MOD10A1,temperature and precipitation of 21 meteorological observatories and HJ-1 / CCD data from July to September during 2002- 2013,this paper takes the Tianshan Mountains as the study area to analyze the space distribution characteristics of snow line and its influencing factors. The results show that the snowline distribution of southern and northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains is that it is high in the south and east but low in north and west; the snowline of southern slope is sparse and there is a small spatial gradient change; the snow line is dense in the middle of northern slope,and the spatial gradient change is not large. Through the analysis of the whole study area,it is found that the correlation coefficient between snow line altitude and temperature is 0. 159,and the partial correlation coefficient between them is- 0. 212; the correlation coefficient between snow line altitude and precipitation is- 0. 668,and the partial correlation coefficient between them is- 0. 676. Precipitation is the dominant factor that affects the distribution of snow line of southern and northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains.