NiOOH was prepared by one-step electrolysis of spherical Ni(OH)2 and the effects of electrolysis pa-rameters were examined.The highly pure NiOOH was obtained after electrolysis at a current density of 60mA·g-1 an...NiOOH was prepared by one-step electrolysis of spherical Ni(OH)2 and the effects of electrolysis pa-rameters were examined.The highly pure NiOOH was obtained after electrolysis at a current density of 60mA·g-1 and 30℃ with anodic potential controlled in the range of 1.73—1.85V(vs.Zn/ZnO)for 360min.The NiOOH sam-ples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis.Re-sults indicate that the electrolysis product is spherical NiOOH doped with graphite.Charge and discharge tests show that the prepared NiOOH offers a discharge capacity of over 270mAh·g-1 at current density of 30mA·g-1 and can be directly used as cathode material of alkaline Zn/NiOOH batteries.Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic volt-ammetry(CV)tests reveal good cycling reversibility of the NiOOH electrode.展开更多
The surface of dry-jet wet spun carbon fibers(CFs)is relatively smooth compared with those of wet spun CFs,which results in weak interfacial interactions between the fiber and the polymer resin.A surface functionaliza...The surface of dry-jet wet spun carbon fibers(CFs)is relatively smooth compared with those of wet spun CFs,which results in weak interfacial interactions between the fiber and the polymer resin.A surface functionalization treatment is particularly important to unleash the full potential of the superior mechanical properties of dry-jet wet spun CFs.In this study,the effects of electrochemical oxidation treatment time and current density on the surface structures and the mechanical properties of dry-jet wet spun CFs were investigated.The interlaminar shear strength of the CFs improves significantly from 69 to 84 MPa after 120 s of treatment.Further structural analysis reveals that the improvements are due to the addition of oxygen-containing functional groups and the optimization of the morphology on the surface of the CFs.展开更多
The present work mainly describes the technology for preparing indium-tin oxide (ITO) targets by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and normal pressure sintering process. ITO powders were produced by chemical co-precip...The present work mainly describes the technology for preparing indium-tin oxide (ITO) targets by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and normal pressure sintering process. ITO powders were produced by chemical co-precipitation and shaped into an ITO green compact with a relative density of 60% by CIP under 300 MPa. Then, an ITO target with a relative density larger than 99.6% was obtained by sintering this green compact at 1550℃ for 8 h. The effects of forming pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time on the density of the target were inves- tigated. Also, a discussion was made on the sintering atmosphere.展开更多
The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled compo...The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components.However,the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency.Herein,we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications.The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl_(3)/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles,as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions.After freeze-drying,the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25-80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m−1.Furthermore,an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern,and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation.This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.展开更多
Although electrically conductive and hydrophilic MXene sheets are promising for multifunctional fibers and electronic textiles,it is still a challenge to simultaneously enhance both conductivity and mechanical propert...Although electrically conductive and hydrophilic MXene sheets are promising for multifunctional fibers and electronic textiles,it is still a challenge to simultaneously enhance both conductivity and mechanical properties of MXene fibers because of the high rigidity of MXene sheets and insufficient inter-sheet interactions.Herein,we demonstrate a core-shell wet-spinning methodology for fabricating highly conductive,super-tough,ultra-strong,and environmentally stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based core-shell fibers with conductive MXene cores and tough aramid nanofiber(ANF)shells.The highly orientated and low-defect structure endows the ANF@MXene core-shell fiber with supertoughness of~48.1 MJ m^(-3),high strength of~502.9 MPa,and high conductivity of~3.0×10^(5)S m^(-1).The super-tough and conductive ANF@MXene fibers can be woven into textiles,exhibiting an excellent electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency of 83.4 dB at a small thickness of 213μm.Importantly,the protection of the ANF shells provides the fibers with satisfactory cyclic stability under dynamic stretching and bending,and excellent resistance to acid,alkali,seawater,cryogenic and high temperatures,and fire.The oxidation resistance of the fibers is demonstrated by their wellmaintained EMI shielding performances.The multifunctional core-shell fibers would be highly promising in the fields of EMI shielding textiles,wearable electronics and aerospace.展开更多
Synthesis and characterization of the copolymers (PAG) of α-methyl styrene (AMS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) are presented. The copolymers of PAG were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC),...Synthesis and characterization of the copolymers (PAG) of α-methyl styrene (AMS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) are presented. The copolymers of PAG were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H-NMR) and thermogravimetery (TG). Based on the copolymer compositions determined by ^1H-NMR, the reactivity ratios of AMS and GMA were found to be 0.105 ± 0.012 and 0.883 ± 0.046 respectively by Kelen-Tudos method. TG revealed that thermal stability of the copolymers decreased with increasing the AMS content in the copolymers, which indicated that the degradation was mainly caused by the chain scission of AMS-containing structures. Under heating, the copolymers depolymerize at their weak bonds and form chain radicals, which could further initiate other chemical reactions.展开更多
A novel multifunctional epoxy resin was synthesized by polyphenol and epichlorohydrin. The structure and molecular weight of the multifunctional epoxy were characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS. DSC and DMTA were used to i...A novel multifunctional epoxy resin was synthesized by polyphenol and epichlorohydrin. The structure and molecular weight of the multifunctional epoxy were characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS. DSC and DMTA were used to investigate the thermal property of multifunctional epoxy cured by DDS. The thermal resistance of the synthesized multifunctional epoxy was much better than a standard diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy.展开更多
The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-P...The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-PDCA could not be intercalated into the interlayer spacing.The corrosion current density of 0.05 mol L^(−1)2,5-PDCA LDH containing LDH coating is 3.18 nA cm^(−2),reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the LDH coating without inhibitor,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 98.05%.The coating formed on the surface of AZ31 was peeled off from the substrate by using a mechanical method and SEM observation of the cross-section showed that the coating consisted of three different layers.The innermost layer is a thick layer that consists of Mg(OH)_(2)and the intermediate layer is LDH,which is vertical to the substrate and the outmost layer is a thin but very dense deposit layer of LDH agglomerates with complexes of 2,5-PDCA and Mg.This kind of sediment/LDH/Mg(OH)_(2)three-layer composite structure was accountable for the increase in the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy.展开更多
The properties and structure of electrodeposited RE (CeO2)-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating were investigated. The results show that the hardness and electrodepositing speed of composite coatings obtained at an impulse cu...The properties and structure of electrodeposited RE (CeO2)-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating were investigated. The results show that the hardness and electrodepositing speed of composite coatings obtained at an impulse current are higher than those at a direct current. The hardness and wear resistance of the coating are obviously increased by adding RE and SiC. The hardness of the coating increases with the increase of treatment temperature and current density, and reaches the optimum value at 400 ℃ and at 10 A/dm2, respectively. The optimum operation parameters of electrodeposition of the composite coating are as follows: pH value is 4.5, bath temperature is 65 ℃ , and current density is 10 A/dm2.展开更多
Two new Cd(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, [Cd(PT)(1,4-BDC)0.5]n (1) and [Cd(PT) (1,3-BDC)0.5]n (2) (HPT = 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-H2BDC = 1,3-benzene...Two new Cd(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, [Cd(PT)(1,4-BDC)0.5]n (1) and [Cd(PT) (1,3-BDC)0.5]n (2) (HPT = 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-H2BDC = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as elemental analysis and IR. Complexes 1 and 2 are both three-dimensional coordination polymers with two-dimensional sheet structures bridged by the deprotonated carboxylate ligands. In 1, 1,4-BDC2- bridges the layered network to generate a quadrangular framework, and 2 owns a sexangular framework, which was caused by the different steric hindrance between 1,4-BDC^2- and 1,3-BDC^2-. Their thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties have been also investigated.展开更多
Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thick...Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm and the diameter ranging from 5 to 10 μm.The backs of the circinate aggregates were regularly arranged by numerous sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a thickness of 30-80 nm and a diameter of 300-400 nm.The precursors were aggregates of sheet Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 nanoparticles,which were decomposed into ZnO by calcining in air in the range of 200-285°C,and the ZnO retained the similar special structure.The C2H5OH content had a significant effect on the formation of sheet ZnO.The centripetal force,the Van der Waals force,and the hydrogen bond were deduced as the driving forces of the formation of circinate.展开更多
A novel hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) (HPPO) with phenolic terminal groups was prepared from 4-bromo-4',4"-dihydroxytriphenylmethane as AB2 monomer in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) via a modified Ullmann reac...A novel hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) (HPPO) with phenolic terminal groups was prepared from 4-bromo-4',4"-dihydroxytriphenylmethane as AB2 monomer in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) via a modified Ullmann reaction. The molecular weight and polydispersity (PD) of the resulting polymers increased with increasing reaction time. In the presence of core molecules (bisphenol A and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), which have the similar molecular backbones to the reactive monomer, the molecular weight could be controlled by varying the core-to-monomer ratio. Incorporation of a very small amount of core molecules could lead to a higher molecular weight as compared with that without the addition of core molecules. However, when the core content reached certain extent, the molecular weight would decrease with the further increase in the core content. A new similar behavior of control over the PD was also obtained. The resulting polymers were characterized by ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, FT-IR, and GPC.展开更多
Hydrotalcite can act as a co-stabilizer with other main stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC). The thermal stability and fluid property of PVC filled with hydrotalcite surface-treated with titanate and silane were ...Hydrotalcite can act as a co-stabilizer with other main stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC). The thermal stability and fluid property of PVC filled with hydrotalcite surface-treated with titanate and silane were studied in this work. Organic Sn is a main stabilizer and hydrotalcite is a stabilizing assistant. The stability of the PVC resin mixed with organic Sn and hydrotalcite is better than that of the PVC resin mixed with organic Sn alone. It is shown that the PVC resin filled with hydrotalcite possesses a better static and dynamic heat stability. Moreover, hydrotalcite can improve the fluid property of PVC, which is advantageous to the processing of PVC, and the optimum content of hydrotalcite is about 1%-2%(mass fraction).展开更多
The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fue...The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fuel-based vehicles contribute to a more massive amount of greenhouse gas emissions(GHG),mainly carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and particulate matter(PM2.5),affecting human health,society,and the climate system.Hydrogen and fuel cell technology is a promising low carbon transition pathway that supports GHG mitigation and achieves sustainable development.Although hydrogen and fuel cells are assuring,fuel cell vehicle expensiveness and the high cost of hydrogen production with the low carbon footprint are significant hindrances for its widespread deployment.Besides the situation above,the present corona virus(COVID-19)has devastated our global economy and ramps down the future of fossil fuel.It provides opportunities to rethink and reshape our energy system to a low carbon footprint.By utilizing the situation,governments and policymakers need to eliminate fossil fuel and invest in the hydrogen and fuel cell technologies deployment as future energy systems.This review article provides a technical overview of a low carbon energy system,production,and end-use service in a hydrogen economy perspective for developing a sustainable energy future.The techno-economic analysis of the different hydrogen production routines and fuel cell vehicles and their infrastructures are primarily focused.Finally,a long-term policy alignment was outlined to advance the hydrogen energy system for post-COVID-19 in the United Nation’s(UN)sustainable development goals framework.展开更多
A simple non-isocyanate route synthesizing thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPUs) with good thermal and mechanical properties is described. Melt transurethane polycondensation of dimethyl 1,6-hexamethylene dicarbamate wi...A simple non-isocyanate route synthesizing thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPUs) with good thermal and mechanical properties is described. Melt transurethane polycondensation of dimethyl 1,6-hexamethylene dicarbamate with 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol was conducted at different molar ratios under the catalysis of tetrabutyl titanate. A series of crystallizable non-isocyanate TPUs with high molecular weight were prepared. The TPUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X-ray diffraction, AFM, and tensile tests. The TPUs exhibited Mn ranging from 12 500 to 26 400 g/mol, Mw from 16 700 to 56 400 g/mol, Tm up to 151.4 °C, and initial decomposition temperature over 241.8 °C. Their tensile strength reached 42.99 MPa with a strain at break of 30.00%. TPUs constructed simply with butylene, hexylene, and urethane linkages were successfully synthesized through a non-isocyanate route.展开更多
Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomp...Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication;GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 S cmthan MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.展开更多
Three new coordination polymers,namely [Zn(FDA)(phen)(H2O)·H2O]n(1),[Cd(HFDA)(phen)2(NO3)](2) and [Cd(FDA)(phen)]n(3)(H2FDA = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have be...Three new coordination polymers,namely [Zn(FDA)(phen)(H2O)·H2O]n(1),[Cd(HFDA)(phen)2(NO3)](2) and [Cd(FDA)(phen)]n(3)(H2FDA = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized by the solvothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.For 1,the neighboring Zn^2+ ions are bridged by FDA2-as linkers to form one-dimensional(1D) chains,and phen ligands are as the terminal ligands.Furthermore,the 1D chains are packed into a three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.For 2,the H2FDA ligand is partial deprotonation,which is a rare phenomenon among other coordination polymers based on H2FDA.Under the synergetic effect of phen ligands and the partial deprotonation of H2FDA,the structure of 2 is discrete.For 3,the Cd^2+ ions are linked by two carboxylates of FDA^2-ligand to give rise to 1 D zig-zag chains,and phen ligands chelate the Cd^2+ ions like 1.In addition,solid-state luminescent spectra of three coordination polymers were also studied at room temperature.展开更多
文摘NiOOH was prepared by one-step electrolysis of spherical Ni(OH)2 and the effects of electrolysis pa-rameters were examined.The highly pure NiOOH was obtained after electrolysis at a current density of 60mA·g-1 and 30℃ with anodic potential controlled in the range of 1.73—1.85V(vs.Zn/ZnO)for 360min.The NiOOH sam-ples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)analysis.Re-sults indicate that the electrolysis product is spherical NiOOH doped with graphite.Charge and discharge tests show that the prepared NiOOH offers a discharge capacity of over 270mAh·g-1 at current density of 30mA·g-1 and can be directly used as cathode material of alkaline Zn/NiOOH batteries.Galvanostatic charge/discharge and cyclic volt-ammetry(CV)tests reveal good cycling reversibility of the NiOOH electrode.
基金Jiangsu Province for the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements(BA2019043)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(BE2021014-2)。
文摘The surface of dry-jet wet spun carbon fibers(CFs)is relatively smooth compared with those of wet spun CFs,which results in weak interfacial interactions between the fiber and the polymer resin.A surface functionalization treatment is particularly important to unleash the full potential of the superior mechanical properties of dry-jet wet spun CFs.In this study,the effects of electrochemical oxidation treatment time and current density on the surface structures and the mechanical properties of dry-jet wet spun CFs were investigated.The interlaminar shear strength of the CFs improves significantly from 69 to 84 MPa after 120 s of treatment.Further structural analysis reveals that the improvements are due to the addition of oxygen-containing functional groups and the optimization of the morphology on the surface of the CFs.
基金supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(No. 2004AA303542)
文摘The present work mainly describes the technology for preparing indium-tin oxide (ITO) targets by cold isostatic pressing (CIP) and normal pressure sintering process. ITO powders were produced by chemical co-precipitation and shaped into an ITO green compact with a relative density of 60% by CIP under 300 MPa. Then, an ITO target with a relative density larger than 99.6% was obtained by sintering this green compact at 1550℃ for 8 h. The effects of forming pressure, sintering temperature and sintering time on the density of the target were inves- tigated. Also, a discussion was made on the sintering atmosphere.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51922020,52090034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BHYC1707B)。
文摘The highly integrated and miniaturized next-generation electronic products call for high-performance electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding materials to assure the normal operation of their closely assembled components.However,the most current techniques are not adequate for the fabrication of shielding materials with programmable structure and controllable shielding efficiency.Herein,we demonstrate the direct ink writing of robust and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene frames with customizable structures by using MXene/AlOOH inks for tunable EMI shielding and electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromism applications.The as-printed frames are reinforced by immersing in AlCl_(3)/HCl solution to remove the electrically insulating AlOOH nanoparticles,as well as cross-link the MXene sheets and fuse the filament interfaces with aluminum ions.After freeze-drying,the resultant robust and porous MXene frames exhibit tunable EMI shielding efficiencies in the range of 25-80 dB with the highest electrical conductivity of 5323 S m−1.Furthermore,an electromagnetic wave-induced thermochromic MXene pattern is assembled by coating and curing with thermochromic polydimethylsiloxane on a printed MXene pattern,and its color can be changed from blue to red under the high-intensity electromagnetic irradiation.This work demonstrates a direct ink printing of customizable EMI frames and patterns for tuning EMI shielding efficiency and visualizing electromagnetic waves.
基金Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51922020,52090034)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(BHYC1707B,XK1802-2)。
文摘Although electrically conductive and hydrophilic MXene sheets are promising for multifunctional fibers and electronic textiles,it is still a challenge to simultaneously enhance both conductivity and mechanical properties of MXene fibers because of the high rigidity of MXene sheets and insufficient inter-sheet interactions.Herein,we demonstrate a core-shell wet-spinning methodology for fabricating highly conductive,super-tough,ultra-strong,and environmentally stable Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) MXene-based core-shell fibers with conductive MXene cores and tough aramid nanofiber(ANF)shells.The highly orientated and low-defect structure endows the ANF@MXene core-shell fiber with supertoughness of~48.1 MJ m^(-3),high strength of~502.9 MPa,and high conductivity of~3.0×10^(5)S m^(-1).The super-tough and conductive ANF@MXene fibers can be woven into textiles,exhibiting an excellent electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding efficiency of 83.4 dB at a small thickness of 213μm.Importantly,the protection of the ANF shells provides the fibers with satisfactory cyclic stability under dynamic stretching and bending,and excellent resistance to acid,alkali,seawater,cryogenic and high temperatures,and fire.The oxidation resistance of the fibers is demonstrated by their wellmaintained EMI shielding performances.The multifunctional core-shell fibers would be highly promising in the fields of EMI shielding textiles,wearable electronics and aerospace.
文摘Synthesis and characterization of the copolymers (PAG) of α-methyl styrene (AMS) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) are presented. The copolymers of PAG were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (^1H-NMR) and thermogravimetery (TG). Based on the copolymer compositions determined by ^1H-NMR, the reactivity ratios of AMS and GMA were found to be 0.105 ± 0.012 and 0.883 ± 0.046 respectively by Kelen-Tudos method. TG revealed that thermal stability of the copolymers decreased with increasing the AMS content in the copolymers, which indicated that the degradation was mainly caused by the chain scission of AMS-containing structures. Under heating, the copolymers depolymerize at their weak bonds and form chain radicals, which could further initiate other chemical reactions.
文摘A novel multifunctional epoxy resin was synthesized by polyphenol and epichlorohydrin. The structure and molecular weight of the multifunctional epoxy were characterized by FTIR and ESI-MS. DSC and DMTA were used to investigate the thermal property of multifunctional epoxy cured by DDS. The thermal resistance of the synthesized multifunctional epoxy was much better than a standard diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A epoxy.
文摘The addition of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid(2,5-PDCA)to the Mg-Al LDH coating,which was prepared by one-step hydrothermal synthesis,had extremely enhanced the corrosion protection of AZ31 Mg alloy,although the 2,5-PDCA could not be intercalated into the interlayer spacing.The corrosion current density of 0.05 mol L^(−1)2,5-PDCA LDH containing LDH coating is 3.18 nA cm^(−2),reduced by two orders of magnitude compared to the LDH coating without inhibitor,and the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the coating is 98.05%.The coating formed on the surface of AZ31 was peeled off from the substrate by using a mechanical method and SEM observation of the cross-section showed that the coating consisted of three different layers.The innermost layer is a thick layer that consists of Mg(OH)_(2)and the intermediate layer is LDH,which is vertical to the substrate and the outmost layer is a thin but very dense deposit layer of LDH agglomerates with complexes of 2,5-PDCA and Mg.This kind of sediment/LDH/Mg(OH)_(2)three-layer composite structure was accountable for the increase in the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy.
文摘The properties and structure of electrodeposited RE (CeO2)-Ni-W-P-SiC composite coating were investigated. The results show that the hardness and electrodepositing speed of composite coatings obtained at an impulse current are higher than those at a direct current. The hardness and wear resistance of the coating are obviously increased by adding RE and SiC. The hardness of the coating increases with the increase of treatment temperature and current density, and reaches the optimum value at 400 ℃ and at 10 A/dm2, respectively. The optimum operation parameters of electrodeposition of the composite coating are as follows: pH value is 4.5, bath temperature is 65 ℃ , and current density is 10 A/dm2.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21501012 and 51203012)
文摘Two new Cd(Ⅱ) coordination polymers, [Cd(PT)(1,4-BDC)0.5]n (1) and [Cd(PT) (1,3-BDC)0.5]n (2) (HPT = 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,2,4-triazole, 1,4-H2BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,3-H2BDC = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid), have been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction as well as elemental analysis and IR. Complexes 1 and 2 are both three-dimensional coordination polymers with two-dimensional sheet structures bridged by the deprotonated carboxylate ligands. In 1, 1,4-BDC2- bridges the layered network to generate a quadrangular framework, and 2 owns a sexangular framework, which was caused by the different steric hindrance between 1,4-BDC^2- and 1,3-BDC^2-. Their thermal stabilities and photoluminescent properties have been also investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50374021).
文摘Uniform circinate aggregates of sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a specific surface area of 24 m^2·g^-1 were prepared by the direct precipitation method.The circinate aggregates were hexagonal ZnO,with the wall thickness ranging from 0.5 to 1 μm and the diameter ranging from 5 to 10 μm.The backs of the circinate aggregates were regularly arranged by numerous sheet ZnO nanoparticles with a thickness of 30-80 nm and a diameter of 300-400 nm.The precursors were aggregates of sheet Zn5(CO3)2(OH)6 nanoparticles,which were decomposed into ZnO by calcining in air in the range of 200-285°C,and the ZnO retained the similar special structure.The C2H5OH content had a significant effect on the formation of sheet ZnO.The centripetal force,the Van der Waals force,and the hydrogen bond were deduced as the driving forces of the formation of circinate.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50473042)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. 2042017).
文摘A novel hyperbranched poly(phenylene oxide) (HPPO) with phenolic terminal groups was prepared from 4-bromo-4',4"-dihydroxytriphenylmethane as AB2 monomer in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) via a modified Ullmann reaction. The molecular weight and polydispersity (PD) of the resulting polymers increased with increasing reaction time. In the presence of core molecules (bisphenol A and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene), which have the similar molecular backbones to the reactive monomer, the molecular weight could be controlled by varying the core-to-monomer ratio. Incorporation of a very small amount of core molecules could lead to a higher molecular weight as compared with that without the addition of core molecules. However, when the core content reached certain extent, the molecular weight would decrease with the further increase in the core content. A new similar behavior of control over the PD was also obtained. The resulting polymers were characterized by ^1H-NMR, ^13C-NMR, FT-IR, and GPC.
文摘Hydrotalcite can act as a co-stabilizer with other main stabilizer for poly(vinyl chloride)(PVC). The thermal stability and fluid property of PVC filled with hydrotalcite surface-treated with titanate and silane were studied in this work. Organic Sn is a main stabilizer and hydrotalcite is a stabilizing assistant. The stability of the PVC resin mixed with organic Sn and hydrotalcite is better than that of the PVC resin mixed with organic Sn alone. It is shown that the PVC resin filled with hydrotalcite possesses a better static and dynamic heat stability. Moreover, hydrotalcite can improve the fluid property of PVC, which is advantageous to the processing of PVC, and the optimum content of hydrotalcite is about 1%-2%(mass fraction).
基金the financial support from the Beijing Forbidden City scholarship(2018420021)。
文摘The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fuel-based vehicles contribute to a more massive amount of greenhouse gas emissions(GHG),mainly carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and particulate matter(PM2.5),affecting human health,society,and the climate system.Hydrogen and fuel cell technology is a promising low carbon transition pathway that supports GHG mitigation and achieves sustainable development.Although hydrogen and fuel cells are assuring,fuel cell vehicle expensiveness and the high cost of hydrogen production with the low carbon footprint are significant hindrances for its widespread deployment.Besides the situation above,the present corona virus(COVID-19)has devastated our global economy and ramps down the future of fossil fuel.It provides opportunities to rethink and reshape our energy system to a low carbon footprint.By utilizing the situation,governments and policymakers need to eliminate fossil fuel and invest in the hydrogen and fuel cell technologies deployment as future energy systems.This review article provides a technical overview of a low carbon energy system,production,and end-use service in a hydrogen economy perspective for developing a sustainable energy future.The techno-economic analysis of the different hydrogen production routines and fuel cell vehicles and their infrastructures are primarily focused.Finally,a long-term policy alignment was outlined to advance the hydrogen energy system for post-COVID-19 in the United Nation’s(UN)sustainable development goals framework.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21244006 and 50873013)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.2182056)
文摘A simple non-isocyanate route synthesizing thermoplastic polyurethanes(TPUs) with good thermal and mechanical properties is described. Melt transurethane polycondensation of dimethyl 1,6-hexamethylene dicarbamate with 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol was conducted at different molar ratios under the catalysis of tetrabutyl titanate. A series of crystallizable non-isocyanate TPUs with high molecular weight were prepared. The TPUs were characterized by gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR, 1 H-NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, wide angle X-ray diffraction, AFM, and tensile tests. The TPUs exhibited Mn ranging from 12 500 to 26 400 g/mol, Mw from 16 700 to 56 400 g/mol, Tm up to 151.4 °C, and initial decomposition temperature over 241.8 °C. Their tensile strength reached 42.99 MPa with a strain at break of 30.00%. TPUs constructed simply with butylene, hexylene, and urethane linkages were successfully synthesized through a non-isocyanate route.
基金financial support by the Australian Research Council (LP180100005 & DP200101737)。
文摘Featuring exceptional mechanical and functional performance, MWCNTs and graphene(nano)platelets(GNPs or Gn Ps;each platelet below 10 nm in thickness) have been increasingly used for the development of polymer nanocomposites. Since MWCNTs are now cost-effective at US$30 per kg for industrial applications, this work starts by briefly reviewing the disentanglement and surface modification of MWCNTs as well as the properties of the resulting polymer nanocomposites. GNPs can be made through the thermal treatment of graphite intercalation compounds followed by ultrasonication;GNPs would have lower cost yet higher electrical conductivity over 1,400 S cmthan MWCNTs. Through proper surface modification and compounding techniques, both types of fillers can reinforce or toughen polymers and simultaneously add anti-static performance. A high ratio of MWCNTs to GNPs would increase the synergy for polymers. Green, solvent-free systhesis methods are desired for polymer nanocomposites. Perspectives on the limitations, current challenges and future prospects are provided.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21501012)
文摘Three new coordination polymers,namely [Zn(FDA)(phen)(H2O)·H2O]n(1),[Cd(HFDA)(phen)2(NO3)](2) and [Cd(FDA)(phen)]n(3)(H2FDA = 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid,phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) have been synthesized by the solvothermal method and characterized by elemental analysis,IR,powder X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.For 1,the neighboring Zn^2+ ions are bridged by FDA2-as linkers to form one-dimensional(1D) chains,and phen ligands are as the terminal ligands.Furthermore,the 1D chains are packed into a three-dimensional(3D) supramolecular structure through hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions.For 2,the H2FDA ligand is partial deprotonation,which is a rare phenomenon among other coordination polymers based on H2FDA.Under the synergetic effect of phen ligands and the partial deprotonation of H2FDA,the structure of 2 is discrete.For 3,the Cd^2+ ions are linked by two carboxylates of FDA^2-ligand to give rise to 1 D zig-zag chains,and phen ligands chelate the Cd^2+ ions like 1.In addition,solid-state luminescent spectra of three coordination polymers were also studied at room temperature.