Clinical Research of Transumbilical Singleport Laparoscopic Treatment For Pediatric Intussusception

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical efficacy of single port laparoscopic surgery through the umbilical cord for the treatment of pediatric intussusception.Method:Clinical data of 38 cases of pediatric intussusception treated with umbilical single port laparoscopic surgery from December 2017 to June 2019 were collected.The surgical method involves placing Trocar through the umbilical incision to establish pneumoperitoneum,inserting a single hole with a 0°laparoscopic operating channel,exploring intussusception,and performing non-invasive forceps to completely reduce it.After the reduction of intussusception,if intestinal malformation is found,the umbilical incision can be expanded to lift the diseased intestinal tract out of the abdominal cavity for resection.At the same time,clinical data of 24 children who underwent traditional porous laparoscopic intussusception surgery during the same period were collected,and the surgical time,intraoperative blood loss,postoperative hospital stay,and satisfaction score of incision aesthetics were compared between the two groups of children.Result:Both groups of patients successfully completed the surgery,and compared with the porous laparoscopic group,the single hole laparoscopic group had a shorter surgical time[(32.4±8.6)minutes vs.(40.6±9.8)minutes,P<0.05],decreased bleeding volume[(5.5±1.5)mL vs.(8.6±2.2)mL,P<0.05],significantly shortened postoperative hospital stay[(4.6±1.2)d vs.(6.2±1.4)d,P<0.05],and significantly increased satisfaction score with incision aesthetics[(4.2±0.8)points vs.(3.2±0.7)points,P<0.05].Follow up for 6 months to 2 years showed no recurrence of intussusception.Conclusion:Transumbilical single port laparoscopic surgery is a safe and effective method for children with intussusception,which is characterized by small trauma,fast recovery,short operation time,and better aesthetic effect.

Chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antioxidant activity of fresh and dry leaves crude extracts of medicinal plant of Lactuca Sativa L.native to sultanate of Oman

Objective:To isolate and analyse the chemical composition in the essential oils and free radical scavenging activity of different crude extracts from the fresh and dry leaves of vegetable plants of Lactuca sativa L.(L.sativa).Methods:The essential oils and volatile chemical constituents were isolated from the fresh and dry leaves of L.sativa(lettuce)grown in Sultanate of Oman by hydro distillation method.The antioxidant activity of the crude extracts was carried out by well established free radical scavenging activity(DPPH)method.Results:About 20 chemical compounds of different concentration representing 83.07%and 79.88%respectively were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy in the essential oils isolated from the fresh and dry leaves asα-pinene(5.11%and 4.05%).γ-cymene(2.07%and 1.92%),thymol(11.55%and 10.73%),durenol(52.00%and 49.79%),α-terpinene(1.66%and 1.34%),thymol acetate(0.99%and 0.67%),caryophyllene(2.11%and 1.98%),spathulenol(3.09%and 2.98%).camphene(4.11%and3.65%),limonene(1.28%and 1.11%)representing these major chemical compounds.However,some other minor chemical constituents were also isolated and identified from the essential oil of lettuce including p-pinene,α-terpinolene,linalool,4-terpineol,α-terpineol,o-methylthymol,L-alloaromadendrene and viridiflorene.Conclusions:The chemical consliluents in the essential oils from the locally grown lettuce were identified in the following classes or groups of chemical compounds such as monoterpenes,sesquiterpenes volatile organic compounds and their oxygenated hydrocarbons.Therefore,the essential oils and the crude extracts from Omani vegetable species of lettuce are active candidates which would be used as antioxidant,antifungal or antimicrobial agents in new drugs preparation for therapy of infectious diseases.

Study of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of various leaves crude extracts of locally grown Thymus vulgaris

Objective:To prepare various crude extracts using different polarities of solvent and to quantitatively evaluate their total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening of Thymus vulgaris collected from Al Jabal Al Akhdar,Nizwa.Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The leave sample was extracted with methanol and evaporated.Then it was defatted with water and extracted with different polarities organic solvents with increasing polarities.The prepare hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,hutanol and methanol crude extracts were used for their evaluation of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening study.The established conventional metliods were used for quantitative determination of total phenol,flavonoids contents and phytochemical screening.Results:Phytochemical screening for various crude extracts were tested and shown positive result for flavonoids,saponins and steroids compounds.The result for total phenol content was the highest in hutanol and the lowest in methanol crude extract whereas the total flavonoids contents was the highest in methanol and the lowest hexane crude extract.Conclusions:The crude extracts from locally grown Thymus vulgaris showed high concentration of flavonoids and it could be used as antibiotics for different curable and uncurable diseases.

Antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of seeds and flowers crude extracts of sunflower

Oil-producing crops,including Helianthus annuus L.(H.annuus,Sunflower),have been used for the treatment of different human diseases since ancient times.This study aims to determine the antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of different polarities of seeds and flower extracts of locally grown H.annuus by well-established bioassays.To achieve the objects,the plant extracts were prepared from both flowers and seeds powder samples individually with methanol solvent by using a Soxhlet extraction method.The antimicrobial and cytotoxic potential of the flowers and seed extracts were determined by the in vitro diffusion and brine shrimp method(BSL).The results of the antimicrobial potential of both prepared flower and seed extracts of various polarities at different concentrations showed promising potential against the gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains,within the range of inhibition zone 0–20 mm.Among the flower extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in butanol extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>methanol>chloroform>butanol extracts.However,from the seed extracts,the highest potential was obtained in water extract and the lowest potential was in the methanol extract followed by water>hexane>butanol>ethyl acetate>chloroform>methanol extract.On the other hand,the results of cytotoxicity among the flowers extracts against the brine shrimp method where the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii were found to be 31.25μg/mL in water extract and the lowest LC50 was 1345.86μg/mL in chloroform extract followed by water>ethyl acetate>hexane>butanol>methanol>chloroform extract.Similarly,different polarities of seed extracts,the highest LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii was shown to be 109.56μg/mL in butanol extract and the lowest LC50 was 1513.56μg/mL in ethyl acetate extract followed by butanol>hexane>water>methanol>chloroform>ethyl acetate extract.In conclusion,the results showed that both flowers and seeds extracts at various concentrations have promising potential against the positive and negative bacterial strains and the highest potential water extract could be used as natural broad-spectrum antibiotics as herbal medicine to treat different human infectious diseases.

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of different organic crude extracts from the local medicinal plant of Thymus vulgaris L

Objective:To isolate and analyze the chemical composition in different crude extracts of from the leaves of locally grown of Thymus vulgaris L(T.vulgaris)by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Methods:The shade dried leaves powder was extracted with methanol by using Soxhlet extractor.Methanol crude extracts of T.vulgaris and the derived fractions of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol were obtained.Results:Qualitative analyses of various organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris by using GC-MS showed that there were different types of high and low molecular weight compounds.Most of the isolated and identified compounds by GC-MS in the crude extracts are basically biologically important.Further,the T.vulgaris leaf possessed certain characteristics that can be ascribed to cultivation on a domestic plantation.The crude extracts were prepared from the powder leaves of T.vulgaris for respective compounds can be chosen on the basis of above GC-MS analysis.Conclusions:All the major compounds were identified and characterized by spectroscopic method in different organic crude extracts of T.vulgaris are biologically active molecules.Thus the identification of a good number of compounds in various crude extracts of T.vulgaris might have some ecological role.

Diabetes self-management (DSM) in Omani with type-2 diabetes

Objective:The aim of this study was to assess the status of diabetes self-management(DSM)among Omanis with type-2 diabetes and its relationship with glycemic control and demographic variables.Methods:A correlational descriptive design using questionnaire was conducted with a convenience sample of 266 Omani patients with type-2 diabetes to collect the data.Results:The findings indicated that DSM among the study subject is sub-optimal.Only 1%of them were regular on SMBG;9.5%of them exercise regularly;and 18%of them maintain healthy diet practices.No significant relationship between DSM and glycemic control(p>0.05)was found.DSM was found to be associated with age,gender,level of education,and duration of diabetes.Examining the differences between two regions in Oman(Muscat&Aldhakiliyah)indicated that participants from Muscat differ only in practicing SMBG.Conclusion:Results indicated that many Omani patients with type-2 diabetes do not perform DSM consistently.Practice implications:The findings of this study set the stage to develop teaching strategies that will improve DSM and subsequently improve diabetes management in patient with type-2 diabetes in Oman.

Characterization of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds from aerial parts of Haplophyllum tuberculatum

The aerial parts of Haplophyllum tuberculatum(H.tuberculatum)have traditionally been used by local communities to treat fever,gastrointestinal disorders,worms,malaria and fractures,how-ever,the responsible ingredients of the selected medicinal plant have not been identified.In the present study,antibacterial and antioxidant ingredients were isolated and characterized from the plant parts of locally grown H.tuberculatum,and their biological activity was evaluated.The powder aerial parts were extracted with methanol and the extract was successively frac-tionated with different polarities of solvents.All polarities of extracts(hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate,butanol,methanol and water)were used to determine their antibacterial and antioxi-dant activity by established in-vitro method.The disk diffusion and free radical scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)methods were used to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the prepared extracts and pure isolated compounds at different concentrations against three strains of Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria.The antibacterial activity results showed that all prepared fractions and isolated pure compounds of the plant species gave signif-icant activity against all Gram(+and-)bacterial strains with the range of inhibition 0-20 mm.The antioxidant activity of the prepared extracts at all concentrations also showed substantial activity.Based on the highest activity,ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were selected for the separation and isolation of antioxidant and antibacterial compounds by thin layer chromatogra-phy(TLC),column chromatography(CC),and preparative thin layer chromatography(PTLIC).The structure of the isolated antioxidant and antibacterial compounds from the ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts were determined on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)and mass spectra.The isolated pure compounds and active extracts could be used as a medicine for various infectious related diseases.

Evaluation of total phenols,total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of the leaves crude extracts of locally grown pigeon pea traditionally used in Sultanate of Oman for the treatment of jaundice and diabetes

Objective:To determine the total phenols,total flavonoids and evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude extracts from the leaves of pigeon pea native to Sultanate of Oman by a popular method.Methods:The powdered leaves samples from pigeon pea were used for extraction by maceration method with methanol solvent.The methanol free crude extract by maceration method was suspended in water and successively extracted with different polarities of solvents.The obtained crude extracts with different polarities were used for the determination of total phenols and flavonoids contents by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and aluminum chloride methods.The antioxidant activity of six crude extracts from pigeon pea was determined byα,αα-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl method.Results:The different polarities leaves crude extracts showed a significant amount of total phenols content ranging from 97.80 to 256.00 mg of GAE/g of crude extract.The same leaves crude extracts also showed good amount of total flavonoids content ranging from 1.38 to 8.51 mg QE/g plant material.The six crude extracts from the leaves displayed significantα,αα-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging activity with highest value in chloroform extract followed by methanol,butanol,ethyl acetate,hexane and water crude extracts(98.13%,89.26%,88.82%,86.41%,79.95%and 69.44%,respectively).Conclusions:Leaves crude extracts from pigeon pea have high contents of total phenols and flavonoids.In this regards,it could be used as a medicine for the treatment of different diseases.

Studies on free-radical scavenging activity and identification of active ingredients of different plant crude extracts of Mentha piperita collected from Sur,Sultanate of Oman

Objective:To determine free radical scavenging activity and active chemical ingredients of different plant crude extracts of Mentha piperita(M.piperita).Methods:The dried powder leaves of M.piperita were extracted with polar organic solvent by Soxhlet extractor.The crude extract and its fractions of hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol crude extracts were prepared.The antioxidant activity of different crude extracts from M.piperita was carried out by DPPH method with minor modification,and the active chemical ingredients of different plant crude extracts of M.piperita were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Results:Qualitative analysis of different polarities crude extracts by GC-MS found different types of active organic compounds.The antioxidant activity of different crude extracts were found to be in the order of chloroform extract>butanol extract>ethyl acetate extract>hexane extract>methanol extract.Majority identified compounds in the plant crude extracts by GC-MS were biologically active.Conclusions:Therefore,the isolation,purification,identification and characterization of bioactive compounds from various crude extracts of M.piperita might have ecological significance.

Composition analysis and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from leaves of Laurus nobilis grown in Oman

Traditionally,Laurus nobilis is used for the treatment of earaches and skin rashes as well as rheuma-tism.The most common technique to isolate the oil is hydro-distillation and steam-distillation.The investigation presented in this paper was aimed to unravel the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of essential oil in the leaves of L.nobilis grown in Oman.The essential oil was extracted from the leave of the selected plant species by hydro distillation using Clevenger type apparatus.The antimicrobial assay was done by disc diffusion methods against three bac-terial strains,Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli,and one fungal strain:Candida albicans.The isolated essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The percentage yield of the essential oil was 0.064%(w/w).The essen-tial oil was found actively against the applied bacterial and fungal strains.The highest activity was found against S.aureus and the lowest was against E.coli,and the order was S.aureus>P.aeruginosa>E.coli.The essential oil was also active against the fungus C.albicans.The range of inhibition zones was 6-14 mm.The results of GC-MS analysis showed(E)-𝛽-caryophyllene to be the major component about 59.62%.Other major components included𝛼-selinene(14.03%),𝛼-humulene(8.65%),𝛽-selinene(4.99%),and𝛼-pinene(4.98%).In addition,several minor com-ponents were found in the essential oil of L.nobilis.Based on the experimental results,it showed that the plant species that grown in Oman were a potential source of therapeutic agents.In con-clusion,the essential oil and the plant could be used as natural and potential therapeutic agents to treat earaches,skin rashes,and rheumatism.

Effect of temperature and extraction process on antioxidant activity of various leaves crude extracts of Thymus vulgaris

Objective:To observe the effect of temperature and extraction process on the estimation of antioxidant activity of various organic crude extracts from the leaves of Thymus vulgaris(T.vulgaris)species native to Sultanate of Oman.Methods:The dry powder samples of T.vulgaris were extracted with methanol using two different extraction methods.Both methanol crude extracts from the leaves of T.vulgaris were defatted with water and extracted successively with different polarities of solvents with increasing polarities,e.g.,hexane,ethyl acetate,chloroform and butanol.Results:The yield of methanol crude extract by Soxhlet extraction method is better than maceration method.The yield of extraction was increasing with increasing temperature.The antioxidant activity of different crude extracts from both extraction methods was measured by DPPH with modification.By Soxhlet extraction method,the activity result found in butanol crude extracts was highest and the lowest in hexane crude extract as the following order of butanol>methanol>ethyl acetate extract>chloroform>hexane extract.However,by maceration method,the activity was highest in ethyl acetate and lowest in chloroform as the order of ethyl aectate>methanol extract>butanol>hexane>chloroform.Conclusions:In conclusion,the maceration method is the best method for the evaluation of antioxidant activity.

Phytochemical studies of various polarities leave crude extracts of Omani Datura metel L.and evaluation of their antimicrobial potential

Objective:To identify the chemical constituents and evaluate antimicrobial potential of various crude extracts from leaves of Datura metel grown in Oman.Methods:The leaf samples were collected from the University of Nizwa and extracted with methanol by using Soxhlet extractor.The isolated crude extract was defatted with distilled water and extracted with solvents of different polarities including hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol.Chemical compositions of the crude extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer and their antimicrobial potential was evaluated by agar disc diffusion method against one Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonus aeruginosa.Results:The crude extracts were composed of different organic compounds such as alkaloids,hydrocarbons,aromatic hydrocarbons,organic acids,terpenoids,vitamin etc.The methanol and its fractionated crude extracts showed antimicrobial potential with inhibition zone in the range of 0-13 mm.Conclusions:The selective crude extract from the leaves of Datura metel could be used as natural antibiotics.

Comparative phytochemical,thin layer chromatographic profiling and antioxidant activity of extracts from some Indian herbal drugs

Natural antioxidants play a significant role to prevent cell breaking and regenerate cells.Three plants native to India named dwarf morning-glory(Evolvulus alsinoides),Indian banyan(Ficus bengalensis)and chicory(Chicorium intybus)are used as medicine in India traditionally to treat diseases.The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the antioxidant activity as well as to compare phytochemical profiles of the aqueous extracts of the selected three plants.The dried plant powder was extracted with ethanol individually by using the Soxhlet method for eight hours and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure.Similarly,the air-dried powder was ex-tracted with water,and the water was evaporated.The thin layer chromatography(TLC)profile of the extracts was determined by using TLC densitometer and the antioxidant activity was deter-mined by the conventional 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)method.The TLC profile shows that there are no similarities of retention factor(R f)values among the plant extracts which means all three plants contain different chemical compounds.The antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts at different concentrations show different antioxidant activities.Percentage inhibition is dose dependent,as doses are increasing then percentage inhibition is also increasing for all three plant extracts.Among the selected plants,the highest activity was found in C.intybus and the lowest was in E.alsinoides.The order of the antioxidant activity among the selected plants was C.intybus<F.bengalensis<E.alsinoides.Based on the TLC profile and antioxidant activities,the highest activity of the selected plant species was evaluated.

A new antimicrobial compound from the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa for infectious diseases

The main aim of this research work was to isolate and characterize the antimicrobial compounds that can be extracted from the leaves of Dodonaea viscosa(D.viscosa)and to assess their antimicrobial potency by established in-vitro agar diffusion method.The methanol extract was liquefied and fractioned by using a separatory funnel and organic solvents having different polarities.The agar diffusion technique was used to assess the antimicrobial potency of extracts and pure compounds against 5 g(+and-)microbial strains.Antimicrobial potency results showed that all extracts and isolated pure compounds provided significant antimicrobial potency against the applied microbial strains.The highest activity chloroform extract was analysed by column chromatography(CC)for the isolation of antimicrobial compounds.The structure of the isolated compounds was characterized based on 1D,2D NMR and MS spectra.In conclusion,purest compounds might be useful as a remedy for infectious diseases.

Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant potential of different polarities stem crude extracts by different extraction methods of Adenium obesum

Objective:To select best extraction method for the isolated antioxidant compounds from the stems of Adenium obesum.Methods:Two methods used for the extraction are Soxhlet and maceration methods.Methanol solvent was used for both extraction method.The methanol crude extract was defatted with water and extracted successively with hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and butanol solvents.The antioxidant potential for all crude extracts were determined by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl method.Results:The percentage of extraction yield by Soxhlet method is higher compared to maceration method.The antioxidant potential for methanol and its derived fractions by Soxhlet extractor method was highest in ethyl acetate and lowest in hexane crude extracts and found in the order of ethyl acetate>butanol>water>chloroform>methanol>hexane.However,the antioxidant potential for methanol and its derived fractions by maceration method was highest in butanol and lowest in hexane followed in the order of butanol>methanol>chloroform>water>ethyl acetate>hexane.Conclusions:The results showed that isolate antioxidant compounds effected on the extraction method and condition of extraction.

皮质类固醇激素局部应用的选择

局部应用皮质类固醇激素是治疗皮肤问题最古老、最有效的方法之一。临床上常用的皮质类固醇激素有很多，其药效和功能各有不同。应用皮质类固醇激素时，局部应用皮质类固醇激素是治疗皮肤问题最古老、最有效的方法之一。临床上常用的皮质类固醇激素有很多，其药效和功能各有不同。应用皮质类固醇激素时，