The Significance and Practical Path of Outward Bound Training in College Physical Education Teaching

Quality development training is a new type of experiential education mode implemented under the background of quality education. Strengthening the integration of quality development training and university sports requires not only the sports reform of Chinese universities and colleges in the new era, but also the development of modern society. High quality application skills. Quality development training has important practical significance for university sports. This paper analyzes the relationship between quality development training and physics education in Chinese universities, and proposes two specific ways to combine the new era.

A Contrastive Study on the Curriculum of Social Sports Major between China and Australia

The standards of physical education curriculum in China and Australia both embody the development trend of emphasizing the healthy function of physical education curriculum. Therefore, the author makes a comparative study on the curriculum of social sports major between China and Australia. Furthermore, by introducing the main problems of curriculum design in China's higher vocational education, comparing and analyzing the curriculum design in China and Australia, it is clearly pointed out that the curriculum of higher vocational education must be competency-based. The study finds that there is currently a shortage of social sports guidance talents in China, and its ability is far from meeting the needs of society. Its quality, cultural level, and professional quality of sports need to be improved, and the types of social sports instructors need to be enriched.

Numerical analysis of the effects of vesicle distribution characteristics on the engineering properties of volcanic rocks

Vesicles can be of different sizes and shapes and can be randomly distributed within vesicular volcanic rocks. This study investigates the variation of engineering properties of vesicular rocks due to the changes in vesicle distribution characteristics for different cases of bulk porosity and vesicle diameter using a systematic numerical simulation program using the finite element method-based rock failure process analysis (RFPA) software. Models with uniform-size vesicles and combinations of different proportions of different-sized vesicles were considered to resemble natural vesicular rocks more closely, and ten different random vesicle distributions were tested for each case. Increasing bulk porosity decreased the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and elastic modulus of the specimens, and the specimens with the lowest bulk porosity showed the greatest range of UCS values in the case of uniform-size vesicles. The effect of vesicle diameter on UCS showed an unsystematic response which was understood to be a result of different vesicle distribution patterns, some of which facilitated a shear failure. Specimens with multiple-size vesicles in different proportions revealed that the variation of UCS due to vesicle distribution characteristics is minimum when the bulk porosity is equally shared by different size vesicles. In addition, when the proportion of smaller-sized vesicles is higher, UCS showed an increase compared to that of the equal proportion of different size vesicles case at low porosities, but a decrease at higher porosities. Variation of elastic modulus showed minor, unsystematic fluctuations as a function of vesicle diameter and different proportions of different-sized vesicles, and the range for different vesicle distribution patterns was narrow in general. Overall, the findings of this study recommend cautious use of the engineering properties determined through a limited number of laboratory tests on vesicular rocks.

Aging-induced memory loss due to decreased N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine,a melatonin metabolite,in the hippocampus:a potential prophylactic agent for dementia

Melatonin(N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)is known as the hormone of darkness because it is synthesized at night and involved in regulating the circadian clock.The hormone is primarily synthesized by the vertebrate pineal gland,but is ubiquitous among invertebrates,unicellular organisms,plants,and even cyanobacteria(Hattori and Suzuki,2024).Melatonin is well-conserved evolutionarily and possesses several physiological functions,such as immune response,bone and glucose metabolism,and memory formation besides regulating the circadian rhythm.

Impact of a single bout of high-intensity interval exercise and short-term interval training on interleukin-6, FNDC5, and METRNL mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle

Background: Exercise promotes numerous phenotypic adaptations in skeletal muscle that contribute to improved function and metabolic capacity. An emerging body of evidence suggests that skeletal muscle also releases a myriad of factors during exercise, termed "myokines". The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of high-intensity interval training(HIIT) on the acute regulation of the mRNA expression of several myokines, including the prototypical myokine interleukin-6(IL-6), and recently identified myokines fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5)(irisin) and meteorin-like protein(METRNL).Methods: Both before and after a 20-day period of twice-daily high-volume HIIT, 9 healthy males(20.5 ± 1.5 years performed a standardized bout of high-intensity interval exercise(HIIE; 5 × 4 min at ~80% pretraining peak power output) with skeletal muscle biopsy samples(vastus lateralis) obtained at rest, immediately following exercise, and at 3 h recovery.Results: Before training, a single bout of HIIE increased IL-6(p < 0.05) and METRNL(p < 0.05) mRNA expression measured at 3 h recovery when compared to rest. Following 20 days of HIIT, IL-6 and FNDC5 mRNA were increased at 3 h recovery from the standardized HIIE bout when compared to rest(both p < 0.05). Resting METRNL and FNDC5 mRNA expression were higher following training(p < 0.05), and there was an overall increase in FNDC5 mRNA post-training(main effect of training, p < 0.05).Conclusion: In human skeletal muscle(1) an acute bout of HIIE can induce upregulation of skeletal muscle IL-6 mRNA both before and after a period of intensified HIIT;(2) Resting and overall FNDC5 mRNA expression is increased by 20 days of HIIT; and(3) METRNL mRNA expression is responsive to both acute HIIE and short-term intense HIIT. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings at the protein and secretion level in humans.

Analysis of the TCM theory of traditional Chinese health exercise

The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory of traditional Chinese health exercise(TCHE)is analyzed.The effect of meridians and acupoints contained in TCHE is summarized,the treatment methods of tonifying deficiencies and reducing excesses applied in TCHE are discussed,the regulation of Zang-fu organs are emphasized,and the leading role of Qi is introduced.The exercise prescription and proper timing of TCHE are described and reported.TCHEs,such as Baduanjin,Liuzijue,and Tai Chi,possess strong TCM characteristics.

Effect of Low-Dose Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Intermittent Endurance Performance

In this study, we investigated the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation at a dose of 0.2 g&middot;kg&minus;1 40 min before an exercise on intermittent endurance performance and gastrointestinal distress. The participants were six healthy male students of a university. The Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (Yo-Yo IR2) was used for the evaluation of intermittent endurance. The participants ingested water (Cont) or NaHCO3 independently at three timings. After drinking water, the Yo-Yo IR1 was performed for 2 min as warm-up. After resting for 5 min, the Yo-Yo IR2 was initiated. The measurement items were exercise distance, nutrition intake, biochemical test results, and blood gas analysis findings. The participants who ingested NaHCO3 had a 14% extended distance than those who ingested Cont, and 2/3 of those who took NaHCO3 showed a better motor performance. No significant difference was observed between the participants who took Cont and NaHCO3 in terms of pH level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 in terms of bicarbonate ion level at baseline, and the NaHCO3 level was significantly higher during pre- and post-exercise (p 3 at a low dose (0.2 g&middot;kg&minus;1), their exercise ability during an intermittent endurance test has improved. Furthermore, when digestive absorption is considered, eating a meal in advance may be able to suppress the onset of gastrointestinal distress.

Patterns of Nutrient Intake among Male and Female High School-Aged Cross-Country Skiers and Speed Skaters

This study aimed to determine the appropriate nutritional intakes and dietary habits of high school-aged cross-country skiers and speed skaters. The subjects, all high school students from N Prefecture, included 18 male cross-country skiers, 5 male speed skaters, 10 female cross-country ski players and 4 female speed skaters. Physical measurements, food intake frequency survey results, bone mineral density and exercise stress test outcomes, and lactic acid measurements were evaluated. Female athletes in both sports had higher body fat percentages relative to the average range stated for female athletes. Male speed skaters had a significantly higher maximum oxygen in-take than that male cross-country skiers did. By contrast, this parameter did not differ significantly among female athletes. A negative correlation was observed between the fat free mass and muscle mass, and a positive correlation was observed among the body fat percentage, fat percentage, and fat mass. Both male and female athletes had protein intake ratios within the reference ranges. All athletes except male speed skaters had lipid energy ratios that were higher than the upper limit of the reference value. Both male and female athletes also reported carbohydrate energy ratios within the reference ranges, but had cereal energy ratios below the reference values. Athletes should pay attention to the ingestion of various nutrients to ensure a sufficient energy intake. Accordingly, adolescent athletes should consume daily meals containing a good balance of staple foods, main dishes, side dishes, milk and other dairy products, and fruits.

Nutritional Value of Date Fruits and Potential Use in Nutritional Bars for Athletes

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the oldest primary staple crops in Southwest Asia and North Africa. Date palms are also grown in Australia, Mexico, South America, Southern Africa, and the United States, especially in Southern California, Arizona, and Texas. Date fruit is a high nutritional value food that is rich in carbohydrates, dietary fibers, proteins, minerals and vitamin B complex such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacin (B3), pantothenic (B5), pyridoxine (B6), and folate (B9). Carbohydrates comprise 70% of date fruit mainly as fructose and glucose. Minerals in date fruits are calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, sulfur, cobalt, fluorine, and manganese. Date fruits are highly nourishing and may thus confer numerous potential health benefits. In recent years, a huge interest in the abundant health promoting properties of date fruits has led to the need to develop new food products using dates as a source of nutrients. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the nutritional value of date fruits in the context of the potential use of dates in nutrition bars for athletes.

Effects of Trekking Pole Use on Metabolic Cost in Novice Hikers on Steep Terrains

PURPOSE： This study examined whether the use of trekking poles alters metabolic cost in steep hiking by novice hikers and whether the response would be dependent on the grade of the terrain. METHODS： Twelve participants completed two trekking trials （with poles [WP] and without trekking poles [NP]） with round trips comprising three grades： 7.0 ± 0.7°, 12.9 ± 0.7°, and 18.8 ± 1.3°） over a steep mountain at self-paced speeds. During the trials, time spent for trekking （TT）, oxygen consumption （VO2）, heart rate （HR）, ratings of perceived exertion （RPE）, and step frequency （Sf） were measured, and step efficiency （Se） and oxygen pulse （OP） were calculated. RESULTS： TT tended to be longer in the WP than NP for both terrains （P 〈 0.05）. HR, VO2, and RPE were the same for the WP and NP. Sfwas lower in WP going uphill （P 〈 0.05） but was unchanged going downhill. Se in the WP was higher than in the NP for both terrains （P 〈 0.01）. When analyzed by slope, VO2 during uphill at 18.8° was lower in WP （37.2 ± 6.3） than in NP （38.6 ± 7.1 ml .kg-1 .min-1, P 〈 0.05）, but no difference in VO2 was found between WP and NP at the 12.9° and 7.0°. TT during uphill was slower in WP than NP at 12.9°（7.9± 1.1 vs. 7.4 ± 1.0） and 18.8° （5.3 ± 1.3 vs. 4.9± 1.0 min, respectively, P 〈 0.05）. No differences were noticed in HR and OP during uphill at every grade. CONCLUSIONS： Pole use decreased metabolic cost in the novice hikers only in the highest grade but not in the other two lower grades.

射箭运动员动作实时分析及射箭技术优化的综合研究——第29届奥运会科研攻关与科技服务汇报

运用运动生物力学的录像拍摄与解析、足底压力实时监测、肌电测试等方法对国内专业射箭运动员的技术动作进行相关参数的采集与对比分析,从不同性别、不同水平的运动员在射箭过程中的人体及弓的运动学特征、平衡稳定性规律、肌电特性等参数的对比中找出了运动员射箭动作及技术上的差异,为射箭技术动作的评价、射箭运动员技术动作优化以及提高专业训练水平提供参考依据.

Chronic disease and the link to physical activity

Chronic diseases have become a focal point of public health worldwide with estimates of trillions of dollars in annual health care cost and causing more than 36 million deaths a year. Lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity are heavily correlated with the development of many chronic diseases. New strategies for primary and secondary disease prevention are desperately needed to aid in blunting the negative economic and social impact of these diseases. Physical activity （PA） and exercise are now considered principal interventions for use in primary and secondary prevention of chronic diseases. Currently, more emphasis in primary prevention of disease is necessary to reduce disease risk in youth and adults; however with chronic disease prevalence so high, similar emphasis is also necessary for secondary prevention in those children and adults already inflicted with chronic diseases. Conditions such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, obesity, and cancer are drastically improved when PA and exercise are part of a medical management plan. In addition, the national PA guidelines in conjunction with PA promotion tools like Exercise is MedicineTM are needed to promote increased PA and exercise levels worldwide.

Corticospinal activity during a single-leg stance in people with chronic ankle instability

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine whether corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing differs among individuals with chronic ankle instability(CAI),lateral ankle sprain copers,and healthy controls.Methods:Twenty-three participants with CAI,23 lateral ankle sprain copers,and 24 healthy control participants volunteered.Active motor threshold(AMT),normalized motor-evoked potential(MEP),and cortical silent period(CSP)were evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation while participants performed a single-leg standing task.Results:Participants with CAI had significantly longer CSP at 100%of AMT and lower normalized MEP at 120%of AMT compared to lateral ankle sprain copers(CSP100%:p=0.003;MEP120%:p=0.044)and controls(CSP100%:p=0.041;MEP120%:p=0.006).Conclusion:This investigation demonstrate altered corticospinal excitability and inhibition of the tibialis anterior during single-leg standing in participants with CAI.Further research is needed to examine the effects of corticospinal maladaptations to motor control of the tibial anterior on postural control performance in those with CAI.

Low-Load Bench Press Training to Fatigue Results in Muscle Hypertrophy Similar to High-Load Bench Press Training

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the training responses observed with low-load resistance exercise to volitional fatigue translates into significant muscle hypertrophy, and compare that response to high-load resistance training. Nine previously untrained men (aged 25 [SD 3] years at the beginning of the study, standing height 1.73 [SD 0.07] m, body mass 68.9 [SD 8.1] kg) completed 6-week of high load-resistance training (HL-RT) (75% of one repeti-tion maximal [1RM], 3-sets, 3x/wk) followed by 12 months of detraining. Following this, subjects completed 6 weeks of low load-resistance training (LL-RT) to volitional fatigue (30% 1 RM, 4 sets, 3x/wk). Increases (p 0.05) in magnetic resonance imaging-measured triceps brachii and pectorals major muscle cross-sectional areas were similar for both HL-RT (11.9% and 17.6%, respectively) and LL-RT (9.8% and 21.1%, respectively). In addition, both groups increased (p 0.05) 1RM and maximal elbow extension strength following training;however, the percent increases in 1RM (8.6% vs. 21.0%) and elbow extension strength (6.5% vs. 13.9%) were significantly (p 0.05) lower with LL-RT. Both protocols elicited similar increases in muscle cross-sectional area, however differences were observed in strength. An explanation of the smaller relative increases in strength may be due to the fact that detraining after HL-RT did not cause strength values to return to baseline levels thereby producing smaller changes in strength. In addition, the results may also suggest that the consistent practice of lifting a heavy load is necessary to maximize gains in muscular strength of the trained movement. These results demonstrate that significant muscle hypertrophy can occur without high-load resistance training and suggests that the focus on percentage of external load as the important deciding factor on muscle hypertrophy is too simplistic and inappropriate.

Caution needed when interpreting muscle activity patterns during extremely low pedaling cadence

Dear editor,We noticed recent research that has just been published in Journal of Sport and Health Science(JSHS),comparing the muscular activity patterns in 1-and 2-legged cycling by Park and Caldwell.1 The authors reported that changes in muscle activities with 1-legged pedaling are due to a variety of changes in mechanical aspects of the pedaling motion,including altered crank torque patterns within the crank cycle,decreased pelvis stability,and the need for increased knee and ankle stiffness during the upstroke.The experiment was welldesigned and the discussion was fascinating.However,the testing protocol does not support the significance of the project,as stated in the first sentence of the abstract,“One-legged pedaling is of interest to elite cyclists and clinicians.”Their testing was conducted at 30 revolutions per min(rpm)and 30 watts(W),and both are too low for any kind of mechanical demand for cycling,either competitive sports or rehabilitation.The preferred cadences of experienced cyclists are approximately 85-95 rpm,whereas the most economic cadences are approximately 55-60 rpm.

Effects of silent myocardial ischemia on functional fitness and physical independence in 60–79-year-old adults

Objective:We examined the effect of silent myocardial ischemia(SMI)on functional fitness levels and physical independence in 60–79-year-old individuals.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study with 716 older adults and used an electrocardiograph and an ambulatory electrocardiogram to diagnose those with SMI.Physical independence was assessed using the Composite Physical Function scale,whereas physical fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test battery.Results:The 60-79-year-old females and males with SMI were more likely to have lower scores for lower and upper body strength,agility/dynamic balance,and aerobic endurance(p<0.05)than those without SMI.The scores for lower and upper body flexibility in all age groups for both genders were not significant(p>0.05).Binary logistic regression analysis revealed that old adults with SMI had a higher risk of losing physical independence later in life than those without SMI(p<0.05).Conclusion:This study showed that individuals with SMI have lower fitness levels and increased risk of losing physical independence than those without SMI.

24-Hour movement behaviours and COVID-19 among children in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia:A repeat cross-sectional study

This study investigated how children's 24-hour(24-h)movement behaviours were affected by SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19)in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Previous research examined 24-h movement behaviours in Saudi Arabia seven months after the World Health Organization(WHO)declared COVID-19 a global pandemic.This repeat cross-sectional study examined changes in 24-h movement behaviours 12 months after the WHO declaration.The Time 2 survey repeated five months(1 March–15 May 2021)after Time 1 survey(1 October–11 November 2020).The survey was distributed to parents of children aged 6–12 years across Saudi Arabia via an online survey.Children were classified as meeting 24-h movement guidelines if they reported uninterrupted sleep for 9–11 h per night,2 h of recreational sedentary screen time(RST)per day and-60 min of moderate-to vigorous-intensity physical activity(MVPA)per day.A total of 1045 parents from all regions of Saudi Arabia responded(42.4%).Only 1.8%of children met all components of the guidelines,compared to 3.4%in Time 1.In the present study,girls spent more days per week in MVPA-60 min duration than boys(3.0 vs 2.6;p=0.025),while boys had spent more days per week engaged in activities that strengthened muscle and bone than girls(3.0 vs 2.8;p=0.019).Healthy levels of physical activity(PA),sedentary behaviour(SB)and sleep further declined in Saudi children five months after the Time 1 survey.These challenges require urgent intervention to ensure children's movement behaviours improve as Saudi Arabia moves out of the COVID-19 pandemic.

AIDEDNet:anti-interference and detail enhancement dehazing network for real-world scenes

The haze phenomenon seriously interferes the image acquisition and reduces image quality.Due to many uncertain factors,dehazing is typically a challenge in image processing.The most existing deep learning-based dehazing approaches apply the atmospheric scattering model(ASM)or a similar physical model,which originally comes from traditional dehazing methods.However,the data set trained in deep learning does not match well this model for three reasons.Firstly,the atmospheric illumination in ASM is obtained from prior experience,which is not accurate for dehazing real-scene.Secondly,it is difficult to get the depth of outdoor scenes for ASM.Thirdly,the haze is a complex natural phenomenon,and it is difficult to find an accurate physical model and related parameters to describe this phenomenon.In this paper,we propose a black box method,in which the haze is considered an image quality problem without using any physical model such as ASM.Analytically,we propose a novel dehazing equation to combine two mechanisms:interference item and detail enhancement item.The interference item estimates the haze information for dehazing the image,and then the detail enhancement item can repair and enhance the details of the dehazed image.Based on the new equation,we design an antiinterference and detail enhancement dehazing network(AIDEDNet),which is dramatically different from existing dehazing networks in that our network is fed into the haze-free images for training.Specifically,we propose a new way to construct a haze patch on the flight of network training.The patch is randomly selected from the input images and the thickness of haze is also randomly set.Numerous experiment results show that AIDEDNet outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on both synthetic haze scenes and real-world haze scenes.