Remove volatile organic compounds(VOCs) with membrane separation techniques

Membrane separation, a new technology for removing VOCs including pervaporation, vapor permeation, membrane contactor, and membrane bioreactor was presented. Comparing with traditional techniques, these special techniques are an efficient and energy saving technology. Vapor permeation can be applied to recovery of organic solvents from exhaust streams. Membrane contactor could be used for removing or recovering VOCs from air or wastewater. Pervaporation and vapor permeation are viable methods for removing VOCs from wastewater to yield a VOC concentrate which could either be destroyed by conventional means, or be recycled for reuse.

ETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION AND COPOLYMERIZATION WITH POLAR MONOMERS BY A NEUTRAL NICKEL CATALYST COMBINED WITH CO-CATALYST OF Ni(COD)_2 OR AL(i-Bu)_3

A neutral nickel(Ⅱ)catalyst D,{[O-(3-cyclohexyl)(5-Cl)C_6H_2-ortho-C(H)=N-2,6-C_6H_3(i-Pr)_2]Ni(Ph_3P)(Ph)}hasbeen synthesized and characterized by IH-NMR,FTIR and elemental analysis.The results indicate that Al(i-Bu)_3 is aneffective cocatalyst for the neutral nickel catalyst.With bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0)[Ni(COD)_2]or Al(i-Bu)_3 as a co-catalyst,the neutral nickel catalyst D is active for ethylene polymerisation and copolymerisation with polar monomers(tert-butyl 10-undecenoate(BU),methyl 10-undecenoate(MU),allyl alcohol(AA)and 4-penten-1-ol(PO))under mild conditions.The resulting polymers were characterized by (?)H-NMR,FTIR,DSC,and GPC.From the comparative studies,Ni(COD)_2 ismore active than Al(i-Bu)_3 for ethylene homopolymerization,while Al(i-Bu)_3 is more effective than Ni(COD)_2 for ethylenecopolymerisation with polar monomers.The polymerization parameters which affect both the catalytic activity and propertiesof the resulting polyethylene were investigated in detail.Under the conditions of 20 μmol catalyst D and Ni(COD)_2/D=3(molar ratio) in 30 mL toluene solution at 45℃,12×105 Pa ethylene for 20 min,the polymerization activity reaches ashigh as 7.29×105 gPE.(mol.Ni.h)^(-1) and M_η,is 7.16×104 g.mol^(-1).For ethylene copolymerization with polar monomers,theeffect of comonomer concentrations was examined.As high as 0.97 mol% of MU,1.06 mol% of BU,1.04 mol% of AA and1.37 mol% of PO were incorporated into the polymer,respectively,catalyzed by D/Al(i-Bu)_3 system.

Research on Wear Behavior of ATC Cermet Material

By electroless chemical deposition process, a layer of metal cobalt film was coated on the surface of nano-ceramic powders of A12O3 and TiC. The mixture of the two kinds of Co-coated power (about 70wt.% Al2O3-Co+30wt.%TiC-Co) was hot-pressed into ATC (A12O3—TiC—Co8wt%) cermet samples. The wear test was carried out under dry sliding wear condition by the pin-on-disk rig. The volume-loss of the samples in three sliding pairs, ATC/Steel, ATC/SiC and ATC/artificial diamond (AD) were investigated. The wear morphologies were examined by SEM. The wear-resistance between ATC cermet and Co-cemented WC were compared. The results show that the effect of fracture toughness is better than that of hardness to the wear resistance of high hardness materials. The wear mechanisms of ATC cermet samples were found that abrasion predominated in the wear process. The wear surface of ATC cermet samples became smoother with fine asperities spalling off and the volume loss was decreased.

Fiber optic biosensor of immobilized firefly luciferase

Luciferase from firefly lantern extract was immobilized on CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B,The kinetic properties of immobilized luciferase were extensively studied.The Km' for D-luciferin is 11.9umol/L,the optimum pH and temperature for Sepharose-bound enzyme were 7.8 and 25℃ respectively.A luminescence fiber optic biosensor,making use of immobilized crude luciferase was developed for assay of ATP.The peak light intensity was linear with respect to ATP concentration in range of 10^-9-10^-5mol/L.A biological application was also demonstrated with the determination of serum ATP from rats bred in low versus normal oxygen environments.