<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott’s disease, </span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span ...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott’s disease, </span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is due to infection of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the spine </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> leading to </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">vertebral body a</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd i</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nter-vertebral disc destruction</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">. It is the most common form of musculo</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">skeletal tuberculosis most frequently affecting the thoracolumbar spine and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">is commoner </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">in young people. Onset of this condition is insidious and its clinical presentation is non specific. However, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> disease may be complicated by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">neurologic deficits including paraplegia or even quadriplegia, with huge h</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ealth</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> economic and psychological burden. Following is a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">case </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">report of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> disease involving the cervical spine in a 33</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">year old farmer presenting unusually with paraplegia and a negative Mantoux test. It is</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> reported </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">because this</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">very </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">uncommon</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> condition is highly treatable</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">and t</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">here is need for </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">raise</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">d</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">index of suspicion in order to diagnose this condition early, thus limiting its complications.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> T</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">he role of MRI in diagnosis</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> disease is also highlighted.</span></span></span>展开更多
Background:Control of snail intermediate hosts has been proved to be a fast and efficient approach for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis.Some plant extracts have shown obvious molluscicidal activity,and...Background:Control of snail intermediate hosts has been proved to be a fast and efficient approach for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis.Some plant extracts have shown obvious molluscicidal activity,and a new compound Luo-Wei,also named tea-seed distilled saponin(TDS),was developed based on the saponins extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds.We aimed to test the molluscicidal activity of 4%TDS against the intermediate host snails in China and Egypt,and evaluate its environmental safety to non-target organisms.Methods:In the laboratory,Oncomelania hupensis,Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus were exposed to 4%TDS,and the median lethal concentration(LC5o)was estimated at 24,48 and 72 h.In the field,snail mortalities were assessed 1,2,3 and 7 d post-immersion with 2.5 g/m34%TDS and 1,3,7 and 15 d post-spraying with 5 g/m24%TDS.in addition,the acute toxicity of 4%TDS to Japanese quail(Coturnixjaponica),zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio)and freshwater shrimp(Macrobrachium nipponense)was assessed by estimations of LC5o or median lethal dose(LD5o).Results:In the laboratory,the LC5o values of 4%TDS for O.hupensis were 0.701,0.371 and 0.33 mg/L at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively,and 4%TDS showed a 0.33 mg/L 24 h LC5o against B.alexandrina,and a 1.396 mg/L 24 h LCs0 against B.truncatus.Across all study regions,the pooled mortalities of O.hupensis were 72,86,94 and 98%at 1,2,3 and 7 d,following field immersion of 4%TDS at a dose of 2.5 g/m3,and were 69,77,85 and 88%at 1,3,7 and 15 d,following field spraying at 5 g/m2,respectively.4%TDS had moderate toxicity to Japanese quail(7 d LD5o>60 mg/kg)and to shrimp(96 h LCs0=6.28 mg/L;95%CI:3.53-11.2 mg/L),whereas its toxicity to zebrafish was high(96 h LCso--0.15 mg/L;95%CI:0.14-0.17 mg/L).Conclusions:4%TDS is active against O.hupensis,B.alexandrina and B.truncatus under laboratory and field conditions,and it may be a candidate molluscicide of plant origin.展开更多
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Tuberculous spondylitis, also known as Pott’s disease, </span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is due to infection of </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the spine </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> leading to </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">vertebral body a</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nd i</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">nter-vertebral disc destruction</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">. It is the most common form of musculo</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">skeletal tuberculosis most frequently affecting the thoracolumbar spine and </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">is commoner </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">in young people. Onset of this condition is insidious and its clinical presentation is non specific. However, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> disease may be complicated by </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">neurologic deficits including paraplegia or even quadriplegia, with huge h</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ealth</span></span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">,</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> economic and psychological burden. Following is a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">case </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">report of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> disease involving the cervical spine in a 33</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">-</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">year old farmer presenting unusually with paraplegia and a negative Mantoux test. It is</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> reported </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">because this</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">very </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">uncommon</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> condition is highly treatable</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">, </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">and t</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">here is need for </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">a </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">raise</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">d</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">index of suspicion in order to diagnose this condition early, thus limiting its complications.</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> T</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">he role of MRI in diagnosis</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> of </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "="">Pott’s</span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;" "=""> disease is also highlighted.</span></span></span>
基金the National Science and Technology Pillar Program(grant No.2009BAI78B07 and 2009BAI78B04)National S&T Major Program(grant No.2012ZX10004-220)+3 种基金Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(grant No.11XD1405400)Jjiangsu Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission(grant No.QNRC2016621 and H2018097)Wuxi Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(grant No.CSE31N1730)Bill&Melinda Gates Foundation.
文摘Background:Control of snail intermediate hosts has been proved to be a fast and efficient approach for interrupting the transmission of schistosomiasis.Some plant extracts have shown obvious molluscicidal activity,and a new compound Luo-Wei,also named tea-seed distilled saponin(TDS),was developed based on the saponins extracted from Camellia oleifera seeds.We aimed to test the molluscicidal activity of 4%TDS against the intermediate host snails in China and Egypt,and evaluate its environmental safety to non-target organisms.Methods:In the laboratory,Oncomelania hupensis,Biomphalaria alexandrina and Bulinus truncatus were exposed to 4%TDS,and the median lethal concentration(LC5o)was estimated at 24,48 and 72 h.In the field,snail mortalities were assessed 1,2,3 and 7 d post-immersion with 2.5 g/m34%TDS and 1,3,7 and 15 d post-spraying with 5 g/m24%TDS.in addition,the acute toxicity of 4%TDS to Japanese quail(Coturnixjaponica),zebrafish(Brachydanio rerio)and freshwater shrimp(Macrobrachium nipponense)was assessed by estimations of LC5o or median lethal dose(LD5o).Results:In the laboratory,the LC5o values of 4%TDS for O.hupensis were 0.701,0.371 and 0.33 mg/L at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively,and 4%TDS showed a 0.33 mg/L 24 h LC5o against B.alexandrina,and a 1.396 mg/L 24 h LCs0 against B.truncatus.Across all study regions,the pooled mortalities of O.hupensis were 72,86,94 and 98%at 1,2,3 and 7 d,following field immersion of 4%TDS at a dose of 2.5 g/m3,and were 69,77,85 and 88%at 1,3,7 and 15 d,following field spraying at 5 g/m2,respectively.4%TDS had moderate toxicity to Japanese quail(7 d LD5o>60 mg/kg)and to shrimp(96 h LCs0=6.28 mg/L;95%CI:3.53-11.2 mg/L),whereas its toxicity to zebrafish was high(96 h LCso--0.15 mg/L;95%CI:0.14-0.17 mg/L).Conclusions:4%TDS is active against O.hupensis,B.alexandrina and B.truncatus under laboratory and field conditions,and it may be a candidate molluscicide of plant origin.