Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuo...Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.展开更多
Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only fin...Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only finding was a weak invers e association with omega-3 fatty acids that was lost after adjustment for poten tial confounders, suggesting that diet in pregnancy does not influence offspring blood pressure in wellnourished populations.展开更多
文摘Endoscopy is now being used for breast cancer surgery. Though it is used for mastectomy, lymph node dissection, and breast reconstruction, its prime use is for mastectomy. Because an incision can be placed inconspicuously in the axillary site, a relatively largeincision can be created. A retractor with an endoscope, CO2, and an abrasion device with the endoscope are used for operation space security. It is extremely rare that an endoscope is used for lymph node dissection. For breast reconstruction, it may be used for latissimus muscle flap making, but an endoscope is rarely used for other reconstructions. Endoscopic mastectomy is limited to certain institutions and practiced hands, and it has not been significantly developed in breast cancer surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic surgery may be used widely in breast reconstruction. With respect to the spread of robotic surgery, many factors remain uncertain.
文摘Associations between maternal nutrient intakes in late pregnancy and offspring blood pressure at 7 1/2 years were investigated in 6944 singletons from the Avo n Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. The only finding was a weak invers e association with omega-3 fatty acids that was lost after adjustment for poten tial confounders, suggesting that diet in pregnancy does not influence offspring blood pressure in wellnourished populations.
