BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression,anxiety and psychosis.Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1(PON1)status may occur in T...BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression,anxiety and psychosis.Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1(PON1)status may occur in TLE and these psychiatric conditions.AIM To examine PON1 status,namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities,in TLE.METHODS We recruited 40 normal controls and 104 TLE patients,27 without comorbidities and 77 with comorbidities including mood disorders(n=25),anxiety disorders(n=27)and psychosis(n=25).RESULTS Four-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate hydrolysis(CMPAase)and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis(MTS)with and without psychiatric comorbidities than those in normal controls.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMPAase were 0.893(0.037)for TLE and 0.895(±0.037)for MTS.Partial least squares path analysis showed that there were specific indirect effects of PON1 genotype on TLE severity(P<0.0001)and psychopathology(P<0.0001),which were both mediated by lowered CMPAase activity,while arylesterase activity was not significant.The severity of TLE was significantly associated with psychopathology scores.Furthermore,PON1 CMPAase activity was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination score.CONCLUSION The severity of TLE and comorbidities are to a large extent explained by reduced PON1 enzyme activities and by effects of the Q192R genotype,which are mediated by reduced CMPAase activity.Total PON1 status plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE,MTS and psychiatric comorbidities by increasing the risk of oxidative toxicity.PON1 enzyme activities are new drug targets in TLE to treat seizure frequency and psychiatric comorbidities.展开更多
Background To identify the prevalence and also the full spectrum of symptoms/complaints of children and adolescents who are suffering from long COVID.Furthermore,we investigated the risk factors of long COVID in child...Background To identify the prevalence and also the full spectrum of symptoms/complaints of children and adolescents who are suffering from long COVID.Furthermore,we investigated the risk factors of long COVID in children and adolescents.Methods All consecutive children and adolescents who were referred to the hospitals anywhere in Fars province,Iran,from 19 February 2020 until 20 November 2020 were included.All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.In a.phone call to patients/parents,at least 3 months after their discharge from the hospital,we obtained their current status and information if their parents agreed to participate.Results In total,58 children and adolescents fulillel the inclusion criteria.Twenty-six(448%)children/adolescents reported symptoms/complaints of long COVID.These symptoms included fatigue in 12(21%),shortness of breath in 7(12%),exer-cise intolerance in 7(12%),weakness in 6(10%),and walking intolerance in 5(9%)individuals.Older age,muscle pain on admission,and intensive care unit admission were significantly associated with long COVID.Conclusions Long COVID is a frequent condition in children and adolescents.The scientific community should inves-tigate and explore the pathophysiology of long COVID to ensure that these patients receive appropriate treatments for their condition.展开更多
基金Supported by Ratchadapisek Research Funds,Faculty of Medicine,Chulalongkorn University,No.RA60/042(to BK),and No.RA61/050(to MM).
文摘BACKGROUND Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE)is the most common focal epilepsy subtype in adults and is frequently accompanied by depression,anxiety and psychosis.Aberrations in total paraoxonase 1(PON1)status may occur in TLE and these psychiatric conditions.AIM To examine PON1 status,namely Q192R PON1 genotypes and PON1 enzymatic activities,in TLE.METHODS We recruited 40 normal controls and 104 TLE patients,27 without comorbidities and 77 with comorbidities including mood disorders(n=25),anxiety disorders(n=27)and psychosis(n=25).RESULTS Four-(chloromethyl)phenyl acetate hydrolysis(CMPAase)and arylesterase activities were significantly lower in TLE and mesial temporal sclerosis(MTS)with and without psychiatric comorbidities than those in normal controls.The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of CMPAase were 0.893(0.037)for TLE and 0.895(±0.037)for MTS.Partial least squares path analysis showed that there were specific indirect effects of PON1 genotype on TLE severity(P<0.0001)and psychopathology(P<0.0001),which were both mediated by lowered CMPAase activity,while arylesterase activity was not significant.The severity of TLE was significantly associated with psychopathology scores.Furthermore,PON1 CMPAase activity was inversely associated with Mini Mental State Examination score.CONCLUSION The severity of TLE and comorbidities are to a large extent explained by reduced PON1 enzyme activities and by effects of the Q192R genotype,which are mediated by reduced CMPAase activity.Total PON1 status plays a key role in the pathophysiology of TLE,MTS and psychiatric comorbidities by increasing the risk of oxidative toxicity.PON1 enzyme activities are new drug targets in TLE to treat seizure frequency and psychiatric comorbidities.
文摘Background To identify the prevalence and also the full spectrum of symptoms/complaints of children and adolescents who are suffering from long COVID.Furthermore,we investigated the risk factors of long COVID in children and adolescents.Methods All consecutive children and adolescents who were referred to the hospitals anywhere in Fars province,Iran,from 19 February 2020 until 20 November 2020 were included.All patients had a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.In a.phone call to patients/parents,at least 3 months after their discharge from the hospital,we obtained their current status and information if their parents agreed to participate.Results In total,58 children and adolescents fulillel the inclusion criteria.Twenty-six(448%)children/adolescents reported symptoms/complaints of long COVID.These symptoms included fatigue in 12(21%),shortness of breath in 7(12%),exer-cise intolerance in 7(12%),weakness in 6(10%),and walking intolerance in 5(9%)individuals.Older age,muscle pain on admission,and intensive care unit admission were significantly associated with long COVID.Conclusions Long COVID is a frequent condition in children and adolescents.The scientific community should inves-tigate and explore the pathophysiology of long COVID to ensure that these patients receive appropriate treatments for their condition.
