Previously, we reported that changes induced in autonomic neurotransmission in rats by Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 may be mediated by serotonin 3 (5-HT3) receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat-kil...Previously, we reported that changes induced in autonomic neurotransmission in rats by Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 may be mediated by serotonin 3 (5-HT3) receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 on serotonin (5-HT) releasing from intestinal cells. In the in vitro study, L. brevis SBC8803 stimulated 5-HT release from cultured rat endocrine RIN-14B cells (SBC8803 vs. sterile water;P in vivo study, 2 mg of heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 was administered using a stomach sonde (feeding needle) to C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of plasma by ELISA showed gradually increase in 5-HT concentrations (0 min vs. 60 min;P ex vivo cultured intestinal loops composed of duodenum and part of the jejunum, from C3H/HeN and C57BL/6J male mice indicated that L. brevis SBC8803 effectively induced 5-HT release (SBC8803 vs. sterile water;P L. brevis SBC8803 may stimulate 5-HT release from mouse intestinal cells such as enterochromaffin cells.展开更多
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Japanese habitual drinkers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 to alleviate adverse effect of alcohol. Subjects who d...A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Japanese habitual drinkers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 to alleviate adverse effect of alcohol. Subjects who drank habitually and had moderately higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (50 - 100 IU/L) were enrolled. The levels of transaminases in these subjects were almost within normal levels (aspartate transaminase (AST) <30 IU/L and alanine transaminase (ALT) <40 IU/L). Either the capsules containing placebo (n = 23) or 130 mg (4.0 × 1010 colony-forming units) of live L. brevis SBC8803 (n = 22) per day were administered for the continuous eight weeks (56 days). During the period, the subjects both in test group and placebo groups have kept each drinking behavior as usual. Regarding lipid metabolism, triacylglycerol (TG) levels in the male test group significantly decreased at week 4 as compared with week 0. Biomarkers of hepatocytes-damage;AST and ALT levels showed no significant differences between the pla- cebo and test groups at both weeks 4 and 8. Oxidative stress marker;GGT at weeks 4 was significantly lower in the test group than that in the placebo group (p = 0.017), but not at weeks 8. However, taking a reduced rate of GGT at weeks 8 comparing with that at week 0, that in the test group showed larger value comparing with that in the placebo group. These data about TG and GGT suggest that, although efficacy of L. brevis SBC8803 is limited in this study, intake of the probiotic may alleviate alcoholic influence in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.展开更多
Are liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects currently viable? LNG projects viability has been shown to be sensitive to crude oil price. Crude oil prices fell below the 2009-2014 five-year average in early September 2014....Are liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects currently viable? LNG projects viability has been shown to be sensitive to crude oil price. Crude oil prices fell below the 2009-2014 five-year average in early September 2014. The drastic fall in price was from a monthly peak of $112 per barrel (bbl) in June 2014, falling to $62/bbl in December. Since 2016 the oil and gas market has gone through a period of rebalancing, resulting in modest recovery in prices. Oil price recovery reached a peak of $85/bbl in October 2018. Gas prices have also achieved similar modest price recovery. The industry has now entered what appears to be an expansion phase: The five largest international oil companies exceeded expectations for 2018. A window of opportunity may exist for new LNG projects to commence production in anticipation of an undersupplied market (2025-2035). Viability of new LNG projects will depend on future oil price. LNG projects can provide long and stable dividends for shareholder companies, certain risks found in tight oil and upstream projects are absent.展开更多
文摘Previously, we reported that changes induced in autonomic neurotransmission in rats by Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 may be mediated by serotonin 3 (5-HT3) receptors. In this study, we evaluated the effects of heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 on serotonin (5-HT) releasing from intestinal cells. In the in vitro study, L. brevis SBC8803 stimulated 5-HT release from cultured rat endocrine RIN-14B cells (SBC8803 vs. sterile water;P in vivo study, 2 mg of heat-killed L. brevis SBC8803 was administered using a stomach sonde (feeding needle) to C57BL/6J mice. Analysis of plasma by ELISA showed gradually increase in 5-HT concentrations (0 min vs. 60 min;P ex vivo cultured intestinal loops composed of duodenum and part of the jejunum, from C3H/HeN and C57BL/6J male mice indicated that L. brevis SBC8803 effectively induced 5-HT release (SBC8803 vs. sterile water;P L. brevis SBC8803 may stimulate 5-HT release from mouse intestinal cells such as enterochromaffin cells.
文摘A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in Japanese habitual drinkers was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Lactobacillus brevis SBC8803 to alleviate adverse effect of alcohol. Subjects who drank habitually and had moderately higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (50 - 100 IU/L) were enrolled. The levels of transaminases in these subjects were almost within normal levels (aspartate transaminase (AST) <30 IU/L and alanine transaminase (ALT) <40 IU/L). Either the capsules containing placebo (n = 23) or 130 mg (4.0 × 1010 colony-forming units) of live L. brevis SBC8803 (n = 22) per day were administered for the continuous eight weeks (56 days). During the period, the subjects both in test group and placebo groups have kept each drinking behavior as usual. Regarding lipid metabolism, triacylglycerol (TG) levels in the male test group significantly decreased at week 4 as compared with week 0. Biomarkers of hepatocytes-damage;AST and ALT levels showed no significant differences between the pla- cebo and test groups at both weeks 4 and 8. Oxidative stress marker;GGT at weeks 4 was significantly lower in the test group than that in the placebo group (p = 0.017), but not at weeks 8. However, taking a reduced rate of GGT at weeks 8 comparing with that at week 0, that in the test group showed larger value comparing with that in the placebo group. These data about TG and GGT suggest that, although efficacy of L. brevis SBC8803 is limited in this study, intake of the probiotic may alleviate alcoholic influence in lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
文摘Are liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects currently viable? LNG projects viability has been shown to be sensitive to crude oil price. Crude oil prices fell below the 2009-2014 five-year average in early September 2014. The drastic fall in price was from a monthly peak of $112 per barrel (bbl) in June 2014, falling to $62/bbl in December. Since 2016 the oil and gas market has gone through a period of rebalancing, resulting in modest recovery in prices. Oil price recovery reached a peak of $85/bbl in October 2018. Gas prices have also achieved similar modest price recovery. The industry has now entered what appears to be an expansion phase: The five largest international oil companies exceeded expectations for 2018. A window of opportunity may exist for new LNG projects to commence production in anticipation of an undersupplied market (2025-2035). Viability of new LNG projects will depend on future oil price. LNG projects can provide long and stable dividends for shareholder companies, certain risks found in tight oil and upstream projects are absent.
