The healing effects of herbal preparations from Sambucus ebulus and Urtica dioica in full-thickness wound models

Objective:To investigate the healing effects of two herbal preparations.Methods:For this purpose,106 wistar rats were divided into 9 groups including a control,eucerine,phenytoin,Urtica dioica(U.dioica)(2%),U.dioica(5%),Sambucus ebulus(S.ebulus)(2%),S.ebulus(5%),combination(2%),and combination(5%)groups.The control group remained untreated,the eucerin and phenytoin groups were considered as the negative and positive controls respectively,and the remaining groups received different concentrations of the ointments.Full thickness wounds were made.The healing process of the wounds was investigated on day 7,14 and 21 of the experiment.Several factors including the number of fibroblasts,new vessel formation(angiogenesis),thickness of the granulomatous tissues(GT),and the overlying epithelium were analyzed.Results:Among the studied groups,all of the treatment groups were significantly different from the control,eucerin,and phenytoin groups in a positive manner with regard to all studied factors(P 0.05).However,the best results were observed with the S.ebulus(2%) and the combination 2% groups(P 0.05).Conclusions:Topical ointments prepared from the extracts of U.dioica and S.ebulus and their combination possess strong wound healing properties.It is postulated that a synergistic effect may exist between the two extracts since the combination 2% showed better results than the sole extracts.

Preparation and decolorization of sapindus mukurossi extract and its application in sebum-control shampoos

Background:Sapindus mukurossi extract(SME)is a kind of natural surface active ingredient with potential applications in cleansing products.However,the polyphenols and pigments contained in the extract may cause color browning of the products during storage especially at elevated temperatures,affecting its high level addition in the products.Objective:To explore a decolorization process suitable for industrialization realize the high level addition of SME and explore the potential of SME in the field of controlling sebum esters.Materials and Methods:SME was prepared by adsorbing polyphenols on the D301 resin and oxidation decoloring oxidation.Investigated its sebum-control efficacy by SZ95 model and clinical study.Results:The results demonstrate that the D301 resin displays the best adsorption selectivity for polyphenols in SME,and the polyphenol adsorption ratio of D301 resin(5 wt%)can reach 83.6%;The optimal decolorization conditions are pH=7.8,temperature 73℃and decolorization time 5.7 h when H2O2 content is 6%,The prepared SME shows no obvious changes in color and retain stable during the high temperature(50°C)test period of 28 days.4μg/mL of SME decreases the lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells by 24.8%.The clinic efficacy of the shampoo containing 10%SME(by dry extract weigh)is further evaluated.No significant changes in the skin moisture content and transepidermal water loss(TEWL)are observed within four weeks after using the product,while the scalp sebum level is significantly reduced.Conclusion:In this study,we prepared a light-colored,highly stable SME,enabled its high-level addition in cleansing and care products and found its sebum-control efficacy.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of Polyaryl 2-(Pyridin-2-yl)phenol-Based Four-Coordinate Organoboron Complexes

Comprehensive Summary A family of polyaryl 2-(pyridin-2-yl)phenol-based four-coordinate organoboron complexes were prepared in good yields via deconstructive cycloaromatization of indolizines,cyclopropenones,and boric acids.The photoluminescence measurements have revealed that these N,Oπ-conjugated tetracoordinate boron complexes display bright fluorescence,large Stokes shifts,and good quantum yields(Φlum=0.15-0.45).In addition,the DFT calculations were carried out to deepen the understanding of the electronic structures and optoelectronic properties of these structurally unprecedented tetracoordinate boron complexes.

Visible Light-Induced C-5 Selective C-H Radical Borylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with NHC-Boranes

A visible-light-induced C-5 selective C-H borylation of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines with NHC-BH3 via Minisci-type radical borylation re-action has been developed for the first time.The present sustainable protocol provides a new family of regioselectively C5-borylated imidazopyridines that would otherwise be difficult to prepare.It is a supplement to site-selective borylation of azines(nitrogen-con-taining aromatic heterocycles)and the assembly of sp2 carbon-boron bond.

Electrochemical oxidative cyclization of alkenes,boronic acids,and dichalcogenides to access chalcogenated boronic esters and 1,3-diols

A sustainable,environmentally benign electrochemical oxidative three-component cyclization of allylic alcohols,boronic acids,and dichalcogenides under metal-free and oxidant-free conditions has been developed,which provides an efficient approach for the formation of C–Se/S and C–O bonds together.A series of chalcogenated boronic esters were afforded with a broad substrate scope through a clean electrochemical system.The resulting chalcogenated cyclic boronic esters were easily converted to chalcogenated 1,3-diols in good yields under mild conditions.

Mechanistic insight into the synergistic Cu/Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl iodides using alcohols and dioxygen as the carbonyl source

Pd-catalyzed carbonylation,as an efficient synthetic approach to the installation of carbonyl groups in organic compounds,has been one of the most important research fields in the past decade.Although elegant reactions that allow highly selective carbonylations have been developed,straightforward routes with improved reaction activity and broader substrate scope remain long-term challenges for new practical applications.Here,we show a new type of synergistic Cu/Pd-catalyzed carbonylation reaction using alcohols and dioxgen as the carbonyl sources.A broad range of aryl iodides and alcohols are compatible with this protocol.The reaction is concise and practical due to the ready availability of the starting materials and the scalability of the reaction.In addition,the reaction affords lactones and lactams in an intermolecular fashion.Moreover,DFT calculations have been performed to study the detailed mechanisms.