Effect of thermo-mechanical treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of wire-arc additively manufactured Al-Cu alloy

Wire-arc additive manufacture(WAAM)has great potential for manufacturing of Al-Cu components.However,inferior mechanical properties of WAAM deposited material restrict its industrial application.Inter-layer cold rolling and thermo-mechanical heat treatment(T8)with pre-stretching deformation between solution and aging treatment were adopted in this study.Their effects on hardness,mechanical properties and microstructure were analyzed and compared to the conventional heat treatment(T6).The results show that cold rolling increases the hardness and strengths,which further increase with T8 treatment.The ultimate tensile strength(UTS)of 513 MPa and yield stress(YS)of 413 MPa can be obtained in the inter-layer cold-rolled sample with T8 treatment,which is much higher than that in the as-deposited samples.The cold-rolled samples show higher elongation than that of as-deposited ones due to significant elimination of porosity in cold rolling;while both the T6 and T8 treatments decrease the elongation.The cold rolling and pre-stretching deformation both contribute to the formation of dense and dispersive precipitatedθ′phases,which inhibits the dislocation movement and enhances the strengths;as a result,T8 treatment shows better strengthening effect than the T6 treatment.The strengthening mechanism was analyzed and it was mainly related to work hardening and precipitation strengthening.

Saturation Estimation with Complex Electrical Conductivity for Hydrate-Bearing Clayey Sediments:An Experimental Study

Clays have considerable influence on the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments.It is desirable to understand the electrical properties of hydrate-bearing clayey sediments and to build hydrate saturation(S_(h))models for reservoir evaluation and monitoring.The electrical properties of tetrahydrofuran-hydrate-bearing sediments with montmorillonite are characterized by complex conductivity at frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 1 kHz.The effects of clay and Sh on the complex conductivity were analyzed.A decrease and increase in electrical conductance result from the clay-swelling-induced blockage and ion migration in the electrical double layer(EDL),respectively.The quadrature conductivity increases with the clay content up to 10%because of the increased surface site density of counterions in EDL.Both the in-phase conductivity and quadrature conductivity decrease consistently with increasing Sh from 0.50 to 0.90.Three sets of models for Sh evaluation were developed.The model based on the Simandoux equation outperforms Archie’s formula,with a root-mean-square error(E_(RMS))of 1.8%and 3.9%,respectively,highlighting the clay effects on the in-phase conductivity.The fre-quency effect correlations based on in-phase and quadrature conductivities exhibit inferior performance(E_(RMS)=11.6%and 13.2%,re-spectively)due to the challenge of choosing an appropriate pair of frequencies and intrinsic uncertainties from two measurements.The second-order Cole-Cole formula can be used to fit the complex-conductivity spectra.One pair of inverted Cole-Cole parameters,i.e.,characteristic time and chargeability,is employed to predict S_(h) with an E_(RMS) of 5.05%and 9.05%,respectively.

基于拉格朗日法的悬臂输送槽阻尼摆模型构建与验证

为准确分析联合收割机输送槽在作业时产生的不平衡摆动现象,该研究建立了基于液压缸支撑的联合收割机悬臂输送槽阻尼摆模型。首先对悬臂输送槽系统进行受力分析,并基于拉格朗日法建立其动力学微分方程。为进一步确定动力学微分方程中的参数,利用有限元法和模态分析法对液压缸刚度和阻尼进行参数标定;并进行田间试验获取输送槽所受外界激励。利用二次积分与快速傅里叶变换(fast fourier transform,FFT)处理田间试验采集到的加速度信号,得到悬臂输送槽振幅及振动的主频成分,为动力学微分方程的验证提供依据。最后求得悬臂输送槽角速度和摆角的表达式,将理论得到的初始状态下悬臂输送槽摆幅与田间试验实际摆幅进行对比。结果表明:稳定状态下,理论求解得到的同一水平位置两测点对应的摆幅分别约为0.0979、0.0957 mm,与试验实际摆幅误差约为1.11%和4.30%,验证了该联合收割机悬臂输送槽阻尼摆模型的准确性。研究结果可为长江中下游地区水稻联合收割机悬臂输送槽结构优化提供理论依据。

金属材料电弧熔丝增材制造研究现状与质量改进方法

电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM)是一种增材制造技术,近年来在工业上有很大的发展潜力。总结目前WAAM的研究现状和面临的挑战,并提出质量改进的方法。综述WAAM在表面质量、成形精度、显微组织、力学性能、残余应力和变形、孔隙及其他缺陷等方面的研究现状。从前处理、在线处理和后处理3个方面总结消除缺陷、改善显微组织和提高力学性能的方法。WAAM的广泛应用仍然存在许多挑战,可能需要从多个角度出发来实现WAAM的工业化应用。路径规划和切片算法的开发、在线监测系统与现有WAAM设备的结合、后处理技术的复合等将是未来的重点研究方向。

Optimal Control of Nonlinear Systems Using Experience Inference Human-Behavior Learning

Safety critical control is often trained in a simulated environment to mitigate risk.Subsequent migration of the biased controller requires further adjustments.In this paper,an experience inference human-behavior learning is proposed to solve the migration problem of optimal controllers applied to real-world nonlinear systems.The approach is inspired in the complementary properties that exhibits the hippocampus,the neocortex,and the striatum learning systems located in the brain.The hippocampus defines a physics informed reference model of the realworld nonlinear system for experience inference and the neocortex is the adaptive dynamic programming(ADP)or reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that ensures optimal performance of the reference model.This optimal performance is inferred to the real-world nonlinear system by means of an adaptive neocortex/striatum control policy that forces the nonlinear system to behave as the reference model.Stability and convergence of the proposed approach is analyzed using Lyapunov stability theory.Simulation studies are carried out to verify the approach.

Design of Multi-layered Protection Against Guided Mortar Threats Yhrough Numerical Modeling

The trade—off between protection and weight is a constant consideration when designing a portable protective solution.Greater mobility is a desirable attribute and protection must therefore adapt,prompting a demand for lightweight,simple to construct,low-cost and effective ballistic protection systems.High strength and ductility,wave spreading capability and good energy absorption are key properties for ballistic protection.Four materials,polycarbonate,Kevlar?-epoxy,polyurethane foam,and aluminium alloy,possess these properties and were selected for analysis by numerical simulation.Multilayered configurations were proven to be an optimal solution,by exploiting the advantages of each material without having large penalties of mass and cost.Numerical modelling using ANSYS AUTODYN?is used to simulate monolithic and multi-layered target configurations,to obtain the penetration mitigation performance.The results are analysed to select configurations based on different requirements,such as lowest cost,lowest mass,best performance,and optimal configuration which balanced the three key parameters mentioned.The optimal configuration of Aluminium,Kevlar-Epoxy,Polyurethane,and Polycarbonate has layers with thickness of 7,3,38,2 mm respectively with a total mass of 7.97 kg,total cost of$39.86 and penetration of 29.34%(14.67 mm).Polynomial relationships between performance and mass/cost are also determined.

Assessment of Nephro-, Hepato-, and Sex-Dependent Toxicity of Carmoisine Exposure in Albino Rats

Aim: To evaluate chronic exposure of carmoisine at ADI doses on some hepatocellular and renal parameters of male and female albino rats as well as to determine sex-dependent toxicity. Study Design: The study involves treatment for 30, 60, and 90 days. Each phase consists of 40 rats, divided into treatment and control groups. The treated groups were orally administered with 4.0 mg/kg of carmoisine daily for the periods of 30, 60, and 90 days. Methodology: At the end of the treatment, the rats were allowed to fast for 18 hours followed by the collection of 5 ml of whole blood specimens by means of cardiac puncture into Lithium Heparin bottles and fluoride oxalate bottles (for glucose only). Plasma obtained was analyzed for glucose (GLU), AST, ALT, ALP, creatinine (CRT), and urea. Hepatic and Renal tissues collected were fixed in 10% formol saline and later examined histologically using H&E stain. Statistical data analysis was done using GraphPad Prism version 9.02. Results: Glucose indicated significant increases after 30, 60, and 90 days of chronic treatment at ADI doses. Urea, Creatinine, AST, ALT and ALP showed significantly higher values after 60 and 90 days of treatment (except creatinine in male rats and ALP in female rats after 60 and 90 days respectively). Hepatic distortions, vacuolation, compression of central vein were seen in the liver section while distortion of proximal and distal tubules, and inflammation of the glomerulus were observed in the renal tissue of the treated rats. Conclusion: The administration of camoisine over a period of 30 days at ADI dose did not indicate hepatocellullar and renal derangements as well histological distortions in liver, and kidneys. However, after 60 and 90 days, mild hepatocellular, and renal derangements were seen. No sex-dependent toxicity was observed.

Ultra Dense Satellite-Enabled 6G Networks:Resource Optimization and Interference Management

With the evolution of the sixth generation(6G)mobile communication technology,ample attention has gone to the integrated terrestrial-satellite networks.This paper notes that four typical application scenarios of integrated terrestrial-satellite networks are integrated into ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G networks architecture.Then the subchannel and power allocation schemes for the downlink of the ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G heterogeneous networks are introduced.Satellite mobile edge computing(SMEC)with edge caching in three-layer heterogeneous networks serves to reduce the link traffic of networks.Furthermore,a scheme for interference management is presented,involving quality-of-service(QoS)and co-tier/cross-tier interference constraints.The simulation results show that the proposed schemes can significantly increase the total capacity of ultra dense satellite-enabled 6G heterogeneous networks.

Study on Recognition Method of Similar Weather Scenes in Terminal Area

Weather is a key factor affecting the control of air traffic.Accurate recognition and classification of similar weather scenes in the terminal area is helpful for rapid decision-making in air trafficflow management.Current researches mostly use traditional machine learning methods to extract features of weather scenes,and clustering algorithms to divide similar scenes.Inspired by the excellent performance of deep learning in image recognition,this paper proposes a terminal area similar weather scene classification method based on improved deep convolution embedded clustering(IDCEC),which uses the com-bination of the encoding layer and the decoding layer to reduce the dimensionality of the weather image,retaining useful information to the greatest extent,and then uses the combination of the pre-trained encoding layer and the clustering layer to train the clustering model of the similar scenes in the terminal area.Finally,term-inal area of Guangzhou Airport is selected as the research object,the method pro-posed in this article is used to classify historical weather data in similar scenes,and the performance is compared with other state-of-the-art methods.The experi-mental results show that the proposed IDCEC method can identify similar scenes more accurately based on the spatial distribution characteristics and severity of weather;at the same time,compared with the actualflight volume in the Guangz-hou terminal area,IDCEC's recognition results of similar weather scenes are con-sistent with the recognition of experts in thefield.

单宁对杨梅汁花色苷稳定性的影响

分析了单宁对增加杨梅汁花色苷稳定性的效果 .在 p H=4 .5和 p H=3.2时加入单宁使杨梅汁最大吸收波长和最大吸光度增大 .在 p H为 1.0时单宁浓度增大导致杨梅汁最大吸收波长增大 ,但最大吸光度没有增加 .单宁和杨梅汁花色苷的辅助色素反应为放热反应 ,其ΔH等于- 8.4 81k J/ mol,Δ S为 7.2 86 J/ mol.

崇明岛不同年龄水杉人工林生态系统碳储量的特点及估测

水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)是我国亚热带地区人工用材和城镇绿化的重要树种之一,由于生长速度快,种植广泛,水杉人工林在碳汇林经营中,也具有重要意义。本试验在上海崇明岛东平国家森林公园设置样地,调查分析了不同年龄阶段水杉人工林生态系统土壤碳密度和碳储量,测定了林地枯落物层和林下植被层碳储量,并用生物量方程法估测了树木生物量及各组分的碳储量。结果表明,水杉人工林生态系统碳储量随着生长年限的增加而增加,在8、15和30年生水杉人工林生态系统内,总碳储量分别为87.02、117.69和160.26t·hm-2;在8、15和30年生3个林分中,乔木层碳储量所占比重分别为5.3%、22.8%和41.0%,土壤层碳储量所占比重为88.8%、75.6%和57.1%。在8年生林分内,林下植被层碳储量(1.94t·hm-2)和枯落物层碳储量(3.19t·hm-2)占林分总碳储量比例最大,15年生和30年生水杉人工林林下植被碳储量近似相同(约为0.7t·hm-2),分别占总储量的0.6%和0.5%。在不同年龄的水杉人工林林分中,同一土壤深度层次,土壤碳含量高低顺序是30年>15年>8年,表明有机碳含量随林龄的增长而增加。在不同年龄水杉人工林林分中,土壤碳含量均随土壤深度的增加而呈下降趋势,0～20cm、20～40cm和40～60cm相邻层次之间碳含量差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。

气候变化对中国水资源影响的适应性评估与管理框架

通过论述气候变化对中国水资源影响的适应性评估与管理框架,提出一个气候变化影响决策评估工具,它包括:未来气候变化对中国水资源潜在影响的定性描述分析、半定量与定量分析以及适应性对策评估。由于不同气候区域所面临的水资源问题不同,选择中国4个典型案例区域,并确定不同的目标进行气候变化适应性管理综合研究,提出了甄别气候变化影响和适应性管理的新的思路、框架与方法论。该项研究为应对未来气候变化影响的水资源规划与风险管理提供了途径与方法。

上海崇明岛水杉人工林生物量方程构建及固碳潜力研究

水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)因其生长快递、冠型优美、适应性强等特点,成为亚热带和温带地区最重要的用材林和景观林树种之一。在本研究中,以上海崇明岛东平国家森林公园不同龄级水杉林分为研究对象,构建水杉人工林异速生长方程,估测幼龄林(8年生)、中龄林(15年生)、成熟林(30年生)3个不同年龄阶段林分地上部分生物量、碳储量和年固碳量,并比较不同龄级林分的固碳能力。结果显示,水杉地上部分生物量及干、枝、叶部分生物量与胸径呈显著指数关系(r2=0.89～0.99,P<0.001)。2011年,水杉幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林地上部分生物量分别为13.11、29.76和64.93t/hm2,地上部分年固碳量分别为3.57、2.41和1.52t/hm2/a。对比相关研究发现,降雨量的差异可能是我国不同地区水杉生物量差异的主要因素。研究结果将为华东地区乃至全国营造和经营管理水杉人工林,尤其是水杉碳汇林,提供基础数据和理论依据。

杨梅汁内花色苷热降解动力学研究

对杨梅汁内花色苷的热稳定性进行了研究 .结果表明 ,充氮条件下 ,p H值为 1.0、3.2、4 .5的热降解活化能 (E0 )分别为 386 .90 2、317.837和 2 83.0 2 8k J/ mol.在有氧条件下相应的 E0 分别为343.4 6 4、2 90 .970和 2 5 8.2 5 1k J/ mol.说明充氮处理可以明显提高杨梅汁内花色苷的稳定性 ,同时也可看出 ,不管是在有氧还是充氮条件下 ,随着 p H值的增高 ,E0 值变小 ,说明低值下花色苷的热稳定性较好 .

ELID超精密磨削砂轮表面氧化膜形成行为的实验研究

为了研究在ELID超精密磨削中不同工艺条件下砂轮表面氧化膜的生长行为,以氧化膜厚度和氧化膜的生长速率作为表征氧化膜形成过程特性指标,对电压、占空比和砂轮转速等工艺参数对金属结合剂砂轮表面氧化膜形成特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明,氧化膜厚度随着砂轮预修整时间的增加而增长,生长率在起始阶段较快,随后逐渐降低并趋于稳定。氧化膜厚度和生长率随着占空比和电压的增加而增加。达到稳态氧化膜生长率需要的时间在低占空比条件下比高占空比条件下更长。在1 000 r/min到4 000 r/min范围内,砂轮转速对氧化膜的生长特性没有影响。

ELID超精密磨削砂轮表面氧化膜形成过程的建模和仿真

砂轮表面氧化膜的形成规律与特性对ELID超精密磨削质量有着重要的影响。为了研究在ELID磨削中氧化膜的形成规律,基于电化学基本原理,建立了砂轮表面氧化膜形成过程的一般模型,并对金刚石砂轮电解预修整过程中氧化膜的生长过程进行了仿真。在此基础上,对控制氧化膜生长的主要因素进行了理论分析。为了验证模型和仿真结果的正确性,采用与仿真过程同样的控制参数,对氧化膜的生长特性进行了实验研究。结果表明仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合。

Non-traditional Machining Techniques for Fabricating Metal Aerospace Filters

Thanks to recent advances in manufacturing technology, aerospace system designers have many more options to fabricate high-quality, low-weight, high-capacity, cost-effective filters. Aside from traditional methods such as stamping, drilling and milling, many new approaches have been widely used in filter-manufacturing practices on account of their increased processing abilities. How- ever, the restrictions on costs, the need for studying under stricter conditions such as in aggressive fluids, the complicity in design, the workability of materials, and others have made it difficult to choose a satisfactory method from the newly developed processes, such as, photochemical machining （PCM）, photo electroforming （PEF） and laser beam machining （LBM） to produce small, inexpensive, lightweight aerospace filters. This article appraises the technical and economical viability of PCM, PEF, and LBM to help engineers choose the fittest approach to turn out aerospace filters.

塑性土壤破碎方法的比较

用改装的三轴剪切仪对拉伸、扭转、弯曲、直剪、切割和纯切割等基本加载方式进行了详细研究。结果表明,弯曲加载是需要最小力及最少能耗使塑性土壤破碎的一种有效的加载方式。

复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法

通过采用辅助层压板和添加极小弹性模量材料的复合材料加筋壁板有限元建模方法,应用MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN的参数化建模与遗传算法相结合的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化方法,对复合材料T型加筋壁板进行了从2 000 N/mm到6 000 N/mm压缩载荷下的结构优化分析。提出的基于参数化模型和遗传算法的复合材料加筋壁板的两步优化法分为壁板级优化和层压板级优化两部分,在壁板级优化得到最优的结构尺寸参数,在层板级优化得到最优的层压板铺层顺序。

细胞角蛋白19-mRNA定量检测

目的基于水母发光蛋白生物发光免疫分析技术，建立一种细胞角蛋白19-mRNA（CK19-mRNA）定量检测技术。方法用生物发光分析技术检测淋巴细胞的CK19-mRNA。利用RT—PCR对CK19-mRNA进行放大,PCR引物的5′端用生物素标记，然后用交联了地高辛寡核苷酸探针与目标生物素化的DNA模板杂交。杂交复合物与包被在微孔板上的链亲合素结合，加入标记了水母发光蛋白的地高辛抗体与地高辛特异结合，再加入钙离子激发水母发光蛋白发光，发光强度正比予CK19-mRNA的量。结果该技术的线性范围可达5个数量级，标准曲线的直线回归系数r=0．98～0．99，探测灵敏度可达22amol／L的CK19-mRNA产物。重复性检测中，批间变异系数〈70％，批内变异系数〈6％。结论生物发光分析技术是一种灵敏可靠、非放射性的微量CK19-mRNA定量方法。