The influence of the eruption of mandibular third molars on the craniofacial morphology in Han youth of North China

Teeth affect not only oral problems but also facial morphology.In China,there are few reports about the influence of the third molars on the craniofacial morphology of Han youths.Using in vivo imaging software,3D reconstruction of craniofacial CTs were performed on 32 Chinese Han youths without mandibular third molars and 25 Chinese Han youth with full mandibular third molars.The morphology of their mandible and mandibular tissue was measured to identify differences.Among the morphological characteristics of hard tissues,except for∠ANB,people with a full eruption of the mandibular third molars had statistically significantly larger angle indicators than people without the eruption of the third molars.The soft tissue indicators also showed statistically significant discrepancies in terms of morphological facial height,mouth to gnathion distance,lip height,and mouth breadth.The most influential index for mandibular third molars was length of symphysis,followed by the four indicators of soft tissue and mandible length and height.Morphology facial height,mouth to gnathion distance,lip height,and height of symphysis were moderately correlated.The experimental results show that among Han youth in North China,the third molar eruption has a widespread influence on mandibular morphology,especially in angle,length,and height indicators.It also has a certain influence on maxillofacial soft tissue morphology.These results can be applied to future clinical risk assessment of the wisdom teeth and forensic personal identification of the cranial and maxillofacial region.

Potential Application of Quantitative Prostate-specific Antigen Analysis in Forensic Examination of Seminal Stains

The aims of this study are to use quantitative analysis of the prostate-specific antigen(PSA)in the seminal stain examination and to explore the practical value of this analysis in forensic science.For a comprehensive analysis,vaginal swabs from 48 rape cases were tested both by a PSA fluorescence analyzer(i-CHROMA Reader)and by a conventional PSA strip test.To confirm the results of these PSA tests,seminal DNA was tested following differential extraction.Compared to the PSA strip test,the PSA rapid quantitative fluorescence analyzer provided the more accurate and sensitive results.More importantly,individualized schemes based on quantitative PSA results of samples can be developed to improve the quality and procedural efficiency in the forensic seminal inspection of samples prior to DNA analysis.

Risk Identification and Protection during High-Risk Forensic Autopsy

"High-risk"autopsies are those in which the anatomical examination of a corpse entails a substantial risk of contracting a serious infectious disease.Herein,we discuss the risks of infection associated with high-risk autopsies and factors pertaining to risk identification in high-risk autopsies,and we suggest potentially preventative measures focused on anatomy room protection and virtual imaging.

Comprehensive Application of Multiple Genetic Markers in a Case of Half‑Siblings with the Same Father and Different Mothers and an Avuncular Relationship

Half-sibling(HS)kinship testing is more difficult and complicated.This article describes a case where we sought to establish if three children with different mothers(one boy and two girls),shared a common father.The three children and their mother,as well as the suspected father’s elder brother took part in the identification.To investigate the application of multiple genetic markers in HS kinship testing,autosomal STR,Y-STR,and X-STR was performed on blood samples from the individuals of interest C1(female),M1(mother of C1),C2(male),M2(mother of C2),C3(female),M3(mother of C3),and UC(elder brother of the suspected biological father).The 24 Y-STR haplotypes of C2 and UC were identical,confirming that they come from the same paternal line.Among the 27 X-STRs tested in C1 and C3,18 of them had different paternal alleles,so C1 and C3 were excluded as half-sibling kinship.39 autosomal STR were calculated by ITO method,the HSI(or AI)of the pairs C1-C3,C2-C3,and C3-UC are<1,so HS kinship between C1 and C3,and between C2 and C3 can be excluded and avuncular kinship between C3 and UC can be excluded.The HSI(or AI)of the pairs C1-C2,C1-UC,and C2-UC are much>1,which may supports HS kinship between C1 and C2 and avuncular kinship between C1 and UC,and between C2 and UC.15 autosomal STR were calculated by discriminant function,DHS3>DR3 between C1 and C2,and thus they could be HS.DHS3<DR3 between C1 and C3,and between C2 and C3,so C1 and C3,and C2 and C3 may be unrelated individuals.Based on the above results,we can conclude that a HS relationship may be existed between C1 and C2.There may be a avuncular relationships between C1 and UC and between C2 and UC.HS relationships between C3 and C1 and between C3 and C2 as well as an avuncular relationship between C3 and UC were not supported by this study.The application of multiple genetic marker testing should be more regularly applied in the evaluation of HS and avuncular relationships.Increasing the number of related individuals tested when evaluating kinship relationships provides more data for better identification.