Advances in soil erosion research:Mechanisms,modeling and applications-A special issue in honor of Dr.Mark Nearing

1.Introduction Long-term sustainability of soils is one of the critical challenges facing humanity.Soil erosion is an intrinsic geomorphological pro-cess,which if accelerated can threaten natural ecosystems and agri-culture through loss of productivity,sedimentation,and associated pollution.Conservation efforts to mitigate these problems require changes in management practices and large investments.This puts special emphasis on understanding physical processes driving soil erosion,developing techniques for accurate estimation of erosion rates and its on-site and off-site impacts,as well as devel-oping new modeling,prediction,and management tools.

基于SWAT模型新开发梯田模块的中国南方红壤区梯田水沙及养分流失模拟

【目的】采用SWAT模型新开发梯田模块对中国南方红壤区梯田的水沙和养分流失进行模拟,分析SWAT模型梯田模块在中国南方水土流失地区的适用性。【方法】采用SWAT模型中新开发的梯田模块,结合其全球应用验证,在初步对美国软埝验证的基础上,利用资料较全的位于中国南方红壤区的云南尖山河小流域2007-2008年典型径流小区降雨径流、侵蚀产沙和总氮实测资料,对隔坡梯田水沙及面源污染调控过程进行模拟与验证。【结果】SWAT模型梯田模块对红壤区径流、侵蚀产沙及总氮的模拟结果能满足模型精度要求。利用梯田模块对红壤区隔坡梯田结构进行的优化表明,在坡度小于18.58°,梯田单元坡长小于20m的坡地上修建平坡比大于1∶5的单阶地隔坡梯田,可满足容许土壤流失量的要求。【结论】基于SWAT模型开发的梯田模块能够反映中国南方红壤区梯田降雨径流泥沙养分的运移过程,为研究水土保持措施对流域水循环影响提供了新的技术支撑。