Surgical site infection following pancreaticoduodenectomy in a referral cancer center in Mexico

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the standard treatment for resectable periampullary cancer. Surgical site infections(SSI) are common complications with increased morbidity. The study aimed to describe the prevalence, risk factors, microbiology, and outcomes of SSI among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in a referral cancer center between January 2015 and June 2021. We analyzed baseline patient characteristics and SSI occurrence. Culture results and susceptibility patterns were described. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine risk factors, proportional hazards model to evaluate mortality, and Kaplan-Meier analysis to assess long-term survival. Results: A total of 219 patients were enrolled in the study;101(46%) developed SSI. Independent factors for SSI were diabetes mellitus, preoperative albumin level, biliary drainage, biliary prostheses, and clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula. The main pathogens were Enterobacteria and Enterococci. Multidrug-resistance rate in SSI was high but not associated with increased mortality. Infected patients had higher odds of sepsis, longer hospital stay and intensive care unit stay, and readmission rate. Neither 30-day mortality nor long-term survival was significantly different between infected and non-infected patients. Conclusions: SSI prevalence among patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy was high and largely caused by resistant microorganisms. Most risk factors were related to preoperative instrumentation of the biliary tree. SSI was associated with greater risk of unfavorable outcomes;however, survival was unaffected.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Effects of Capybara Oil on Cardiac Remodeling of C57bl/6 Mice

Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in the world, and obesity and the metabolic syndrome are risk factors for its development. One of the therapies to reduce cardiovascular risk is the use of polyunsaturated fatty acids. In Brazil, a source of such acid is the oil extracted from the fat of the capybara. The objective of this work is to study the effects of the capybara oil on lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as its effects on the adipose tissue and cardiac remodeling. We assessed the effects of capybara oil treatment on body mass, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, systolic blood pressure, adipose tissue and cardiac remodeling, and performed an ultrastructural evaluation of the myocardium in C57Bl/6 mice treated with high-fat diet. Treatment with capybara oil reduced total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, systolic blood pressure, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and adipocyte diameter. In addition, cardiac remodeling was attenuated, preserving cardiomyocytes, increasing vascularization, reducing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the extracellular matrix, and preserving the morphological integrity of mitochondria. Capybara oil has several beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and metabolic system, and further studies are needed to better understand its role in the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

西班牙Dom建筑事务所办公室

在被Dom事务所当成办公室之前．这个空间是一个仓库，完全和外界是隔绝的。所以Dom要做的第一步就是将室内空间向户外的街道和花园打开。于是，他们把办公室设计成了一个铁皮木盒．并利用大面积的玻璃开窗引进室外光线。所有铁皮都被漆成深灰的石墨色．与室内的家具同一色调。玻璃窗内侧安置了深灰色幕布，可以调节空间的隐私度。

底辟构造启动及其沉积建造形成机制探讨——来自物理模拟的启示

底辟构造因与造山带和盆地的变形演化过程以及油气资源分布关系密切而备受关注,到目前为止,有关底辟构造的形成环境、变形样式以及成因机制研究,已取得了许多重要的成果和认识,但对于盐岩或者泥岩底辟的启动及其沉积建造形成机制的模拟探讨仍然十分不足。本研究利用物理模拟技术,建立差异的初始地貌、塑性层之上覆盖层厚度、沉积速率以及基底与侧向摩擦力差异4组基底硅胶与其上覆石英砂组合模型,对底辟的初始启动条件及其沉积建造的形成机制进行了模拟分析和探讨。结果表明,地貌差异是盐丘或泥丘构造产生的初始必要条件,即在伸展、挤压环境以及由构造作用所形成的薄弱带等均有利于底辟构造的快速启动;而在底辟沉积建造过程中,快速的沉积加载、塑性层之上沉积层的初始厚度越大,以及具有较大的侧向与基底摩擦力,则会抑制早期底辟的发育;而缓慢的沉积作用、塑性层之上初始沉积层厚度越薄以及减小侧向与基底摩擦力,则会促进早期底辟的生长。同时在底辟沉积建造的中后期,随着沉积速率的加载,底辟会快速的生长变形。综合模拟结果和实际的底辟沉积建造过程表明,底辟沉积建造是地貌、沉积速率、地层温度、地层压力和底辟塑性流体埋深等综合作用的结果,正如北海盆地盐底辟和安达曼海弧后盆地泥底辟的沉积建造过程,在形成机制上与模拟结果具有较大的相似性。

Adipose tissue,systematic inflammation,and neurodegenerative diseases

Obesity is associated with several diseases,including mental health.Adipose tissue is distributed around the internal organs,acting in the regulation of metabolism by storing and releasing fatty acids and adipokine in the tissues.Excessive nutritional intake results in hypertrophy and proliferation of adipocytes,leading to local hypoxia in adipose tissue and changes in these adipokine releases.This leads to the recruitment of immune cells to adipose tissue and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines.The presence of high levels of free fatty acids and inflammatory molecules interfere with intracellular insulin signaling,which can generate a neuroinflammatory process.In this review,we provide an up-to-date discussion of how excessive obesity can lead to possible cognitive dysfunction.We also address the idea that obesity-associated systemic inflammation leads to neuroinflammation in the brain,particularly the hypothalamus and hippocampus,and that this is partially responsible for these negative cognitive outcomes.In addition,we discuss some clinical models and animal studies for obesity and clarify the mechanism of action of anti-obesity drugs in the central nervous system.

运动速度对褶皱—冲断带的构造变形样式的影响分析——来自硅胶和石英砂组合模型的模拟启示

运动速度与构造样式之间或许存在一定的内在联系,充分认识它们之间的关系对理解自然界的构造变形演化过程具有十分重要意义。为此,笔者等结合野外露头观察,开展了脆—韧性结构条件下,不同的变形速率对褶皱—冲断带的构造样式影响的物理模拟测试分析。结果表明:(1)高应形速率形成以前冲为主的构造样式,中等应形速率形成以前冲和后冲为主的构造样式,而低应形速率则形成以纯后冲为主的构造样式。(2)构造变形样式的差异主要是物质内部的应力状态所决定的:褶皱—冲断带的根带,脆性层剪应力大于基底韧性层的剪应力,形成以前冲断裂为主的构造样式;而褶皱—冲断带的中段和前缘地区,脆性层的剪应力和基底韧性层的剪应力较为接近,形成后冲和对称性冲起构造为主。(3)构造地质体的变形速率很可能决定了其存在的物质状态。葡萄牙南部滨岸带的布丁构造和北美卡斯卡底古陆的纯后冲构造等特殊的构造样式极有可能是在差异的变形速率下形成。

Brazilian’s Legal Framework and Water Regulation

The legal framework of water regulation can assume different characteristics according to each country’s reality.The preservation and conservation of water and ecosystems depend on rules configuration in the Constitution and legal prescriptions.This manuscript presents the Brazilian legal framework and water regulation.The analysis confirms that in the Brazilian system water is regulated as environmental resource and environmental good.From a descriptive methodology,the article explains how the Brazilian legal system works.The article also remarks on the regulation of multiple uses of water,approaching the legal regulation among industrial,agricultural,and human consumption of water.The aim of the paper is to explain normative regulation of water in Brazil,including the court’s activities in cases of discharges of sewage directly into the rivers.

High-precision geochronology of Mesozoic magmatism in Macao,Southeast China:Evidence for multistage granite emplacement

Six new high precision U-Pb zircon ID-TIMS ages plus thirteen in situ high spatial resolution U-Pb zircon LA-MC-ICPMS ages are reported from Jurassic plutonic(metaluminous to weakly peraluminous biotite granites)and Jurassic to Cretaceous hypabyssal(dacites)rocks from Macao.Despite its relatively small area(~30 km^2),the new ages tightly constrain the Macao granitic magmatism to two periods ranging from 164.5±0.6 Ma to 162.9±0.7 Ma and 156.6±0.2 Ma to 155.5±0.8 Ma,separated by ca.6 Ma.Inherited zircons point to the existence of a basement with ages up to Paleo-Proterozoic and late Archean in the region.In addition,younger dacitic rocks were dated at 150.6±0.6 Ma and<120 Ma.U-Pb zircon ages and whole-rock REE data of Macao granites indicate that the first pulse is also represented in Hong Kong and Southeast(SE)China,while magmatism with the chemical characteristics of the second pulse seems to not be represented outside Macao.The two granitic magmatic pulses have distinct mineralogical and geochemical features that support their discrete nature rather than a continuum of comagmatic activity and suggest that the Macao granitic suite was incrementally assembled during a period of ca.9 Ma,a hypothesis also extendable to the neighboring Hong Kong region for a time lapse of ca.24 Ma.In Macao,the transition from granitic magmatism(Middle to Upper Jurassic)to the younger dacite dykes(Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous)most likely corresponds to a change in the regional tectonic setting,from an extensional regime related with foundering of the subducting paleoPacific plate during the Early Yanshanian period to the reestablishment of a normal subduction system in SE China during the Late Yanshanian period.

钢管生产车间的制造执行系统研究

介绍了基于钢管生产车间的制造执行系统的设计架构,分析了该制造执行系统的需求功能,阐述了该制造执行系统上线应用的典型特点。分析认为:新开发的钢管生产车间制造执行系统实现了预定的设计功能;该系统的上线应用实现了订单的科学管理、物料的定位跟踪及质量的实时控制,提升了企业的科学决策能力。

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the elderly

急性冠的症候群(交流) 是死亡在的领先的原因老。在这个年龄组的交流的怀疑和诊断是更困难的，自从典型咽峡炎是不太经常的。病态和死亡在介绍交流的老年病人是更大的。尽管有更高的流行和更大的风险，老病人在从证据，基于的建议被提出的主要临床的审判是未被充分代表的。作者描述，在这篇文章，在圣举起的诊断和管理的挑战心肌的梗塞在老，并且讨论可得到的证据。

Chemical Profile of the Sulphated Saponins from the Starfish Luidia senegalensis Collected as by-Catch Fauna in Brazilian Coast

The by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery includes a number of marine invertebrates that are discarded because they do not have commercial value.In order to try to add some value to these materials,we analyzed the chemical composition of the starfish Luidia senegalensis collected in the Brazilian coast as a consequence of the trawling fishery method.In order to access their chemical composition,we used a combination of solid phase extraction(SPE)followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry(UPLC-ESI-IT-MSn).Luidia sene-galensis contains asterosaponins,which are sulphated glycosilated steroids,containing five and six sugar moieties,in addition to polyhydroxysteroids.This study helped us to support the presence of important and potentially bioactive compounds in invertebrates associated to the by-catch fauna of the shrimp fishery,using a fast and efficient method.

Impact of the metabolic syndrome on the evolution of neurodegenerative diseases

Metabolic syndrome(MetS)might be defined as the simultaneous accumulation of s everal functional changes that frequently occur in adults over 60 years of age(Gomez et al.,2018).The diagnosis of MetS requires the presence of three or more factors such as high body mass,type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),dyslipidemia,and arterial hypertension,which increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases as well as neurological complications,as stroke and dementia(Dyken and Lacoste,2018).Usually,these functional changes coincide and result in insensitivity for example hormones as leptin,adiponectin,and insulin(Dyken and Lacoste,2018).

Psychiatric Problems in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Depression and Anxiety

Depression, anxiety and tuberculosis are common conditions with significant public health implications. The connection among these conditions is syndemic: the incidence of one increases the chance of developing the other, with clusters of biological, social and psychological interaction. Therefore, it has become crucial to understand better the mechanisms liable for the physiological process related to these three conditions. The present review focuses specifically on shared social events (perception of illness severity, social stigma, poverty and social isolation) and biological pathways (central response of the immune system within the CNS, the activation of the HPA axis and the SNS) that may mechanistically elucidate the depression-anxiety-tuberculosis association and discuss interventions prospects and significant issues to be arranged by future clinical and research implications.

Indirect printing of hierarchical patient-specific scaffolds for meniscus tissue engineering

The complex meniscus tissue plays a critical role in the knee. The high susceptibility to injury has led to an intense pursuit for better tissue engineering regenerative strategies, where scaffolds play a major role. In this study, indirect printed hierarchical multilayered sca ffolds composed by a silk fibroin (SF) upper layer and an 80/20 (w/w) ratio of SF/ionic-doped β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bottom layer were developed. Furthermore, a comparative analysis between two types of sca ffolds pro- duced using di fferent SF concentrations, i.e., 8% (w/v) (Hi8) and 16% (w/v) (Hi16) was performed. In terms of architecture and morphology, the produced sca ffolds presented homogeneous porosity in both layers and no di fferences were observed when comparing both sca ffolds. A decrease in terms of mechanical performance of the sca ffolds was observed when SF concentration decreased from 16 to 8% (w/v). Hi16 revealed a static compressive modulus of 0.66 ± 0.05 MPa and dynamical mechanical properties ranging from 2.17 ± 0.25 to 3.19 ± 0.38 MPa. By its turn, Hi8 presented a compressive modulus of 0.27 ± 0.08 MPa and dynamical mechanical properties ranging from 1.03 ± 0.08 MPa to 1.56 ± 0.13 MPa. In vitro bioactivity studies showed formation of apatite crystals onto the surface of Hi8 and Hi16 bottom layers. Human meniscus cells (hMCs) and human primary osteoblasts were cultured separately onto the top layer (SF8 and SF16) and bottom layer (SF8/TCP and SF16/TCP) of the hierarchical sca ffolds Hi8 and Hi16, respectively. Both cell types showed good adhesion and proliferation as denoted by the live/dead staining, Alamar Blue assay and DNA quanti fication analysis. Subcutaneous implantation in mice revealed weak in flammation and sca ffold’s integrity. The hierarchical indirect printed SF sca ffolds can be promising candidate for meniscus TE sca ffolding applications due their suitable mechanical properties, good biological performance and possibility of being applied in a patient-speci fic approach.

Tropical tree community composition and diversity variation along a volcanic elevation gradient

Unraveling the factors that determine variation of diversity in tropical mountain systems is a topic for debate in plant ecology.This is especially true in areas where topography is complex due to volcano elevational gradients and where forests are vulnerable to human activity.In this study we used a set of climatic(temperature,rainfall,and radiation solar),topographic(elevation,slope aspect,and slope orientation)and human disturbance variables to determine their effect on diversity and composition patterns of a tree community,considering three slope aspects of a tropical volcano in southeastern Mexico.We sampled trees in seventy 0.1-ha plots distributed on three slope aspects of the Tacanávolcano along an elevational gradient of 1500 to 2500 m.We determined diversity patterns(general tree richness,exponential of Shannon index,and pioneer species richness)with linear regression models,and for beta diversity,we used a dissimilarity index(within and between elevational bands 100 m wide).The effect of a set of environmental and human disturbance variables on tree diversity and community composition was analyzed with general linear models and multivariate analyses,respectively.We registered 2,949 individual trees belonging to 176 species and 58families.The average species richness and alpha diversity per plot were 13(standard deviation±6)and 9(±5),respectively.General tree richness and alpha diversity increased in the middle part(unimodal patterns)of the elevational gradient,but pioneer species richness decreased linearly with elevation.The variance explained by general linear models was greater in richness(32%)than in alpha diversity(25.3%).The most important predictor variables were temperature(elevational gradient),which explained the unimodal pattern(richness and alpha diversity increase at intermediate levels of temperature),and slope orientation,which explained the increase in richness and alpha diversity toward the geographic north.Only temperature had a significant effect on pioneer species diversity(22%).For community composition,all the predictor variables evaluated had a significant effect,but the most important were slope aspect and temperature.Assemblages were almost completely different in plots that were farther apart along the elevation gradient and had different slope aspects.Finally,the forests at lower elevations(1500–1900 m)were those that had the most human disturbance.Our study reveals the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate,topography(e.g.,slope aspect),and human disturbance to understand variation in diversity and composition of a tree community on a tropical volcano.With this information,we believe that it is important to implement conservation and restoration measures in the forests of the lower parts of the Tacanávolcano,complemented by studies that contribute to designing better conservation strategies.

Ex-vivo confocal Raman microspectroscopy of porcine skin with 633/785-NM laser excitation and optical clearing with glycerol/water/DMSO solution

Confocal Raman microspectroscopy(CRM)with 633-and 785-nm excitation wavelengths combined with optical clearing(OC)technique was used for ex-vivo study of porcine skin in the Raman fingerprint region.The optical clearing has been performed on the skin samples by applying a mixture of glycerol and distilled water and a mixture of glycerol,distilled water and chemical penetration enhancer dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)during 30 min and 60 min of treat-ment.It was shown that the combined use of the optical clearing technique and CRM at 633 nm allowed one to preserve the high probing depth,signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution simultaneously.Comparing the effect of different optical clearing agents on porcine skin showed that an optical clearing agent containing chemical penetration enhancer provides higher optical clearing efficiency.Also,an increase in treatment time allows to improve the optical clearing efficiency of both optical clearing agents.As a result of optical clearing,the detection of the amide-Ⅲ spectral region indicating well-distinguishable structural differences between the type-Ⅰ and type-Ⅳ collagens has been improved.

Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of Rhipicephalus microplus saliva

To evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and the toxic effects of Rlhipicephalus microplus saliva for elucidating the modulation mechanism between arthropod saliva and host.Methods:For saliva collection,engorged ticks were obtained from a controlled bovine infestation and collected by natural fall.The ticks were fixed and injected pilocarpine 0.2%for induction of salivation.Saliva was collected,lyophilized and stored at-80℃.Cytotoxic activity was assessed by the hemolysis method(25,50,100,200 and 300μg/mL)and MTT cell viability assay(2.5,5,10,20 and 40μg/mL)for 24,48 and 72 h.Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the method of neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity of mice at doses of l0,15 and 20 mg/kg;antinociceptive activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing test,and formalin-induced paw-licking in mice at dose of 15 mg/kg.Results:Saliva did not cause erythrocytes hemolysis at any concentration tested,as well as did not decrease cell viability in the MTT assay.Saliva inhibited neutrophil migration by 87%and 73%at doses of l5 and 20 mg/kg,respectively.In the nociceptive tests,saliva presented analgesic activity of69.96%in the abdominal writhing test,and of 84.41%in the formalin test.The study proves that Rlhipiceplhalus microplus saliva has significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities.The data presented herein support the development of further studies to elucidate the active principles of Rhipicephalus microplus saliva and its mechanism of action and,in future,to develop novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs.

Refining the Stratigraphy of the Taghdout Group by Using the U-Pb Geochronology of the Taghdout Sill(Zenaga inlier,Anti-Atlas,Morocco)

The Anti-Atlas belt of southern Morocco is situated on the northern edge of the West African craton(WAC).It corresponds to a broad anticlinorium some 800 km long and 200 km wide,trending ENE-WSW,parallel to the

Adaptability, Stability and Multivariate Selection by Mixed Models

The aim of this work was to estimate the adaptability and stability of grain yield per hectare and percentage of crude protein of maize grains combined in an index, and to establish a multicharacter selection through mixed models based on an objective character and 15 auxiliary traits. The trials were conducted in the 2013/2014 agricultural year in four growing environments of the Rio Grande do Sul, BR state. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a factorial scheme, being four growing sites × 15 single cross maize hybrids, arranged in three repetitions. The genotypic index, composed by the grain yield and the crude protein percentage in the grains, is the best selection strategy to achieve maize superior genotypes. The multivariate genotypes selection, considering grain yield and crude protein, is efficient. The genotypes FORMULA TL&reg;, AS1656PRO&reg;, P30F53Hx&reg;, LG6304YG&reg;and 30F53 are more adapted and stable for grain yield and percentage of crude protein, in the conditions of this study. The mixed models were efficient to employ the multicharacter selection and to contribute for maize genetic breeding.

New Dinosaur Tracks from the Lower Barremian of Portugal (Areia do Mastro Formation, Cape Espichel)

We present a new tracksite with multiple dinosaur tracks from the lowermost Barremian (Lower Cretaceous) of the Cape Espichel (Sesimbra, Portugal). The tracks are localized on three beds on the top carbonate beds of the Areia do Mastro Formation. Those bioclastic, nodular limestones were deposited in a very shallow subtidal-intertidal, restricted lagoon environment. The track surfaces are very dinoturbated, with a substantial number of tracks. Several tracks assign to sauropods, ornithopods and theropods dinosaurs were recorded. Due to heavy bioturbation and the preservation conditions, it is not possible to define trackways;some preliminary work done on the tracks could disclose some behaviours of their producers. Several species of carnivore and herbivore dinosaurs crossed that large area at different times. Herbivores may have used the lagoon margin as passage between feeding spots, while carnivores frequented the area to hunt in groups or individually.