The Use of Secondary Grape Biomass in Beef Cattle Nutrition on Carcass Characteristics, Quality and Shelf Life of Meat

We determined whether the inclusion of 100 g/kg dry matter of grape pomace silage (GPS) and grape pomace bran (GPB) as substitutes for other traditional fiber sources in the diet of steers (Charolais x Nellore) would improve carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition, and shelf life. Twenty-four animals (248 ± 19.32 kg of initial body weight) were fed a high concentrate diet for 121 days. Carcass characteristics were measured, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was analyzed for fatty acid (FA) profile and composition. The meat was sliced and stored in air-permeable packages for 10 days. On each sampling day (d 1, 3, 7, and 10), oxidative stability, bacterial load, lipid and protein oxidation, and staining were analyzed. The experimental diets influenced the pH of cold carcasses only. The GPS group had a higher pH than the control. The GPS and GPB groups showed improved oxidant status (i.e., lower lipid peroxidation and concentrations of reactive oxygen species were in the meat of both groups than in control). On the first day of storage, the antioxidant enzyme glutathione S-transferase activity was more significant in the meat of the GPS and GPB groups than in the control. The bacterial loads in the meat were attenuated by GPS inclusion;there were lower total coliform counts and a trend toward lower counts for enterobacteria in the control group. The diets altered the FA profile of the meat;i.e., the GPB diet allowed for a more significant amount of the n-6 omegas in the meat, while the GPS diet showed a tendency for a more significant amount of n-6 and 9 omegas. Both diets (GPS and GPB) increased the amounts of long-chain FAs. The GPS diet decreased saturated FA levels. We conclude that the dietary treatments GPS and GPB are a promising alternative to maintain meat quality standards throughout in real-world retail conditions. These treatments gave rise to an improvement in the nutritional value of the meat due to the more significant amounts of FAs that improve human health.

基于区块链技术的涉密电子文档保护方案研究

概述了涉密电子文档保护技术和区块链技术原理,提出了一种基于区块链技术的链式文档模型,以及抗丢失智能文档模型,并给出了涉密电子文档保护技术方案的技术体系结构,该方案利用区块链技术的链式结构、不可篡改、智能合约、共识机制、非对称加密和数据安全存储等特点,实现了私有链下涉密电子文档的安全控制,最后对该技术领域进行了展望.

Clinical evaluation of surgery-induced astigmatism in cataract surgery using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions

AIM： To evaluate corneal astigmatism after phacoemulsification using 2.2 mm or 1.8 mm clear corneal micro-incisions and its effects on visual function.METHODS： Sixty cases （60 eyes） with cataract were randomly divided into groups A （n=30） and B （n=30） respectively underwent 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm clear corneal tunnel incision phacoemulsification combined with folding intraocular lens implantation from the time direction of 11：00. On day 1 and at 1, 4, and 6wk after operation, patients’ vision was measured and both the corneal curvature and corneal thickness （CT） were recorded using Pentacam.RESULTS： The measured surgery-induced astigmatism （SIA） in both groups A and B peaked on day 1 after operation, and then gradually decreased and eventually stabilized in week 4. No statistically significant difference was found in corneal astigmatism between two groups （P〉0.05）. The measured corneal astigmatism at 4wk and 6wk postoperatively were 0.28±0.09 D and 0.27±0.10 D for groups A and 0.27±0.09 D and 0.25±0.10 D for groups B without statistically significant difference （P〉0.05）. In addition, no significant differences in visual acuity and CT were found between groups A and B before or after operation.CONCLUSION： Both 2.2 mm and 1.8 mm micro-incision cataract surgeries result in relatively small SIA with no difference in visual function and corneal astigmatism between two surgery approaches. Thus, the two types of surgical systems are safe and efficient for cataract treatment, by which satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity can be regained early postoperatively.

Mooring System Optimisation and Effect of Different Line Design Variables on Motions of Truss Spar Platforms in Intact and Damaged Conditions

This paper presents the effect of mooring diameters, fairlead slopes and pretensions on the dynamic responses of a truss spar platform in intact and damaged line conditions. The platform is modelled as a rigid body with three degrees-of-freedom and its motions are analysed in time-domain using the implicit Newmark Beta technique. The mooring restoring force-excursion relationship is evaluated using quasi-static approach. MATLAB codes DATSpar and QSAML, are developed to compute the dynamic responses of truss spar platform and to determine the mooring system stiffness. To eliminate the conventional trial and error approach in the mooring system design, a numerical tool is also developed and described in this paper for optimising the mooring configuration. It has a graphical user interface and includes regrouping particle swarm optimisation technique combined with DATSpar and QSAML. A case study of truss spar platform with ten mooring lines is analysed using this numerical tool. The results show that optimum mooring system design benefits the oil and gas industry to economise the project cost in terms of material, weight, structural load onto the platform as well as manpower requirements. This tool is useful especially for the preliminary design of truss spar platforms and its mooring system.

Factors influencing teamwork and collaboration within a tertiary medical center

AIM: To understand how work climate and related factors influence teamwork and collaboration in a large medical center. METHODS: A survey of 3462 employees was conducted to generate responses to Sexton's Safety Attitudes Questionnaire(SAQ) to assess perceptions of work environment via a series of five-point, Likert-scaled questions. Path analysis was performed, using teamwork(TW) and collaboration(CO) as endogenous variables. The exogenous variables are effective communication(EC), safety culture(SC), job satisfaction(JS), work pressure(PR), and work climate(WC). The measure-ment instruments for the variables or summated subscales are presented. Reliability of each sub-scale are calculated. Alpha Cronbach coefficients are relatively strong: TW(0.81), CO(0.76), EC(0.70), SC(0.83), JS(0.91), WP(0.85), and WC(0.78). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for each of these constructs. RESULTS: Path analysis enables to identify statistically significant predictors of two endogenous variables, teamwork and intra-organizational collaboration. Significant amounts of variance in perceived teamwork(R2 = 0.59) and in collaboration(R2 = 0.75) are accounted for by the predictor variables. In the initial model, safety culture is the most important predictor of perceived teamwork, with a β weight of 0.51, and work climate is the most significant predictor of collaboration, with a β weight of 0.84. After eliminating statistically insignificant causal paths and allowing correlated predictors1, the revised model shows that work climate is the only predictor positively influencing both teamwork(β = 0.26) and collaboration(β = 0.88). A relatively weak positive(β = 0.14) but statistically significant relationship exists between teamwork and collaboration when the effects of other predictors are simultaneously controlled.CONCLUSION: Hospital executives who are interested in improving collaboration should assess the work climate to ensure that employees are operating in a setting conducive to intra-organizational collaboration.

Study on the Crystal Structure and Microstructure Evolution of Shock-processed Titanium Powder

Titanium powder was rapidly solidified by using shock-wave consolidation technique.The critical parameters were controlled by intrumented detonics and pin-oscillography.The compacted specimens were investigated for crystal structure and microstructural strengthening by using standard diagnostic techniques.The density of the final product was found to be greater than 96% of the theoretical value.X-ray diffraction pattern reveals intact crystalline structure without the presence of any undesired phases.The particle size reduction indicated by XRD was supported by laser diffraction based particle size analyzer.Results from energy dispersive spectroscopy ruled out the possibility of any segregation within the compacts.Scanning electron microscopy showed crack-free,voids-free,melt-free,fracture-less compacts of titanium with a unidirectional dendrite orientation without any grain-growth.

Selection,effective dominance,and completeness of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistance in Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)

In the U.S.,Helicoverpa zea(Boddie)is a major pest targeted by both transgenic maize and cotton expressing Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)proteins.Resistance of insect to Bt maize and cotton containing cry1A and cry2A genes has widely occurred in the U.S.In this study,two trials were performed to investigate larval survival and development of a Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 dual-protein resistant(VT2P-RR),a susceptible,and an F1 heterozygous(VT2P-RS)populations of H.zea on ears of nine Bt and three non-Bt maize hybrids.The Bt maize hybrids evaluated represent five common pyramided traits expressing two or three of the Cry1A.105,Cry1Ab,Cry1F,Cry2Ab2,and Vip3Aa20 proteins.In the laboratory,neonates of the three H.zea populations were inoculated on silks of ears collected from maize at R1-R2 plant stages;and larval survivorship was checked 10 d after neonate release.All three insect populations survived normally on non-Bt maize ears.Varied numbers of VT2P-RR and VT2P-RS survived on ears of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize,while all larvae of the three populations died or could not develop on ears of Vip3Aa20-expressing maize.The results demonstrated that the dual-protein resistant H.zea was not cross-resistant to Vip3Aa20-expressing maize,and thus traits with vip3Aa20 gene should be effective to manage Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2-resistant H.zea.The resistance in VT2P-RR was determined to be incomplete on Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 maize.The effective dominance levels varied greatly,from recessive to incompletely dominant,depending on maize hybrids and trials,suggesting that proper selection of maize hybrids could be important for mitigating the Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 resistance.The data generated should aid in modeling multiple-protein Bt resistance in H.zea.

The Quantitative Law of Network Information Growth

Based on the assumptions of ＂information transfer＂ and ＂information creation＂, this paper educes the multiplied growth mechanism of network information： that the gross quantity of network information （Im） is about n times as much as the quantity of real network information （Ir）. According to this theoretical model, we give a uniform explanation to all kinds of information growth models in existence, and put forward some proposals, such as ＂forbidding information transfer＂ and ＂building up the central information base＂, to control the repeated information flooding on the network and facilitate the full use of network information.

Evolving Green Aviation Transport System: A Hoilistic Approah to Sustainable Green Market Development

Aviation is one of the fastest growing industries as well as transportation modes in the world. Global aviation contributes about 2% of global greenhouse gas emissions and supports 8% of the world economic activity in terms of GDP. With the phenomenal growth in air trafficking by the national and international airliners the total carbon space available for flying is getting progressively diminished and the consequential emission levels are also becoming alarming over passage of time. The paper describes the concept of evolution of Green Transport system with focus on manufacturing of green aircraft and sustainable green marketing involving green supply chain. This entails introduction of New and innovative technologies, including aircraft designing, improving operational efficiency, air traffic control & monitoring etc;combined with emission mitigation efforts towards sustainable growth of the industry, can make enormous improvements in emission control and reduction in a planned and system-based manner. These integrated approaches are proposed to be used to harmonize the systems and processes that can essentially constitute the suggested framework of the Green Aviation Transport system. The paper, inter alia, discusses various conceptual, strategic, technological and economic and environmental dimensions of the Green Aviation transport system with focus on creating new Green Marketing opportunities for the aviation industry in future.

Voltage Stability Constrained Optimal Power Flow Using NSGA-II

Voltage stability has become an important issue in planning and operation of many power systems. This work includes multi-objective evolutionary algorithm techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA II) approach for solving Voltage Stability Constrained-Optimal Power Flow (VSC-OPF). Base case generator power output, voltage magnitude of generator buses are taken as the control variables and maximum L-index of load buses is used to specify the voltage stability level of the system. Multi-Objective OPF, formulated as a multi-objective mixed integer nonlinear optimization problem, minimizes fuel cost and minimizes emission of gases, as well as improvement of voltage profile in the system. NSGA-II based OPF-case 1-Two objective-Min Fuel cost and Voltage stability index;case 2-Three objective-Min Fuel cost, Min Emission cost and Voltage stability index. The above method is tested on standard IEEE 30-bus test system and simulation results are done for base case and the two severe contingency cases and also on loaded conditions.

Periodontal treatment and microbiome-targeted therapy in management of periodontitis-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with oral and gut dysbiosis

A growing body of evidence from multiple areas proposes that periodontal disease,accompanied by oral inflammation and pathological changes in the microbiome,induces gut dysbiosis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).A subgroup of NAFLD patients have a severely progressive form,namely nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH),which is characterized by histological findings that include inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis.NASH has a high risk of further progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.The oral microbiota may serve as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbiota,and transport of oral bacteria through the gastro-intestinal tract can set up a gut microbiome dysbiosis.Gut dysbiosis increases the production of potential hepatotoxins,including lipopolysaccharide,ethanol,and other volatile organic compounds such as acetone,phenol and cyclopentane.Moreover,gut dysbiosis increases intestinal permeability by disrupting tight junctions in the intestinal wall,leading to enhanced translocation of these hepatotoxins and enteric bacteria into the liver through the portal circulation.In particular,many animal studies support that oral administration of Porphyromonas gingivalis,a typical periodontopathic bacterium,induces disturbances in glycolipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver with gut dysbiosis.NAFLD,also known as the hepatic phenotype of metabolic syndrome,is strongly associated with metabolic complications,such as obesity and diabetes.Periodontal disease also has a bidirectional relationship with metabolic syndrome,and both diseases may induce oral and gut microbiome dysbiosis with insulin resistance and systemic chronic inflammation cooperatively.In this review,we will describe the link between periodontal disease and NAFLD with a focus on basic,epidemiological,and clinical studies,and discuss potential mechanisms linking the two diseases and possible therapeutic approaches focused on the microbiome.In conclusion,it is presumed that the pathogenesis of NAFLD involves a complex crosstalk between periodontal disease,gut microbiota,and metabolic syndrome.Thus,the conventional periodontal treatment and novel microbiome-targeted therapies that include probiotics,prebiotics and bacteriocins would hold great promise for preventing the onset and progression of NAFLD and subsequent complications in patients with periodontal disease.

化学气候变化对北美和欧洲森林的影响

1.前言近年来,科学界和公众对酸雨、大气污染及全球气候变化等问题的争论发生了重大转变。人们认识到,所有这些问题都是相关的,因为它们:①都是全球化学气候变化的具体表现;②都和化石燃料燃烧排放物的增加有关;③都涉及到大气污染物短距离和长距离迁移中的光化学变化;④都被人们怀疑或认为增加了对森林的负担;⑤都对人类健康、工程材料的腐蚀、文化资源的破坏、大气烟雾的形成以及其它社会问题增加了直接和间接的危险。本文扼要综述了北美和欧洲化学气候引起生物学上的有关变化。

Performance of Bt-susceptible and -heterozygous dual-gene resistant genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith) (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize

A seed blend refuge has been implemented in the U.S.Corn Belt for Bt maize resistance management.The fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda(J.E.Smith),is a target pest of Bt maize in the Americas.The larvae of this pest are mobile,which may affect the efficacy of seed blend refuges.In this study,field and greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the performance of Bt-susceptible(aabb)and-heterozygous dual-gene-resistant(AaBb)genotypes of S.frugiperda in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize.Three field trials evaluated larval survival,larval growth,and plant injury with aabb in seed blends of Bt maize expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Vip3A with 0–30%non-Bt seeds.Greenhouse tests investigated the performance of aabb and AaBb in seed blends of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 with 0–30% non-Bt seeds.In pure non-Bt maize plots,after 9–13 d of neonates being released on the plants,0.39 and 0.65 larvae/plant survived with leaf injury ratings of 4.7 and 5.9(Davis's 1–9 scale)in the field and greenhouse,respectively.In contrast,live larvae and plant injury were virtually not observed on Bt plants across all planting patterns.Larval occurrence and plant injury by aabb on non-Bt plants were similar between seed blends and pure non-Bt plantings,suggesting that the blended refuges could provide an equivalent susceptible population as structured refuge under the test conditions.In the greenhouse,the two insect genotypes in seed blends performed similarly,indicating that the seed blends did not provide more favorable conditions for AaBb over aabb.The information generated from this study should be useful in managing S.frugiperda and evaluating if send blends could be suitable refuge options for Bt resistance management in the regions where the insect is a primary target pest.

肥胖患者头高位喉镜下气管插管的随机、对照、等效性研究

背景在直接喉镜镜检前，合适的体位对方便气管插管是一重要的环节。通常认为，在肥胖患者的肩部和头下放置毛毯或其他装置使头或背部抬高25°比仰卧位更有利于喉镜下气管插管。头高位还可以通过倾斜手术床的方法来达到，即将正常平位手术床的躯体-大腿相连处弯曲，同时使躯体部分抬高。调节手术床的方法不需要额外而昂贵的体位装置，还减少了气管插管完成后移去这些设备时可能对患者或医护人员造成的损伤。本研究对手术床倾斜法与垫毛毯法下气管插管所需时间进行了比较研究。方法在一家教学医院，85例体重指数（BMI）〉30kg／m^2的择期手术患者，在签署同意书后入选这一前瞻性、随机、等效研究。采用队列组法随机化使入选患者平均分入两组。一组使用毛毯，另一组使用手术床倾斜法。两组的最终体位是使入选患者的外耳道与胸骨切迹在同一水平。所有体位的放置由同一位麻醉医生完成，喉镜镜检和气管插管则由不同级别的受培训人员来完成。常规静脉诱导和气管插管。记录数据包括：从意识消失到气管插管后测得呼气末CO2的时间，面罩供氧的有效性以及喉部暴露程度。结果毛毯纽气管插管的平均时间（SD）为175（66）秒，手术床倾斜组为163（71）秒。假设等效界限为-55，55秒，采用双尾检验进行等效性比较显著性为0．05时，本研究得出的95％可信区间在-36.22和13．52秒之间。两组的喉镜镜检次数（P=0．21）和气管插管（P=0．76）的时间均没有显著差异。结论肥胖患者麻醉诱导前，采用头高位可以通过在肩下放置毛毯或调节手术床使头部抬高的方法，这两种方法对喉镜镜检以及气管插管的作用是相似的。