Brain midline delineation can facilitate the clinical evaluation of brain midline shift,which has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of various brain pathology.However,there are still challenges for brain m...Brain midline delineation can facilitate the clinical evaluation of brain midline shift,which has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of various brain pathology.However,there are still challenges for brain midline delineation:1)the largely deformed midline is hard to localize if mixed with severe cerebral hemorrhage;2)the predicted midlines of recent methods are not smooth and continuous which violates the structural priority.To overcome these challenges,we propose an anisotropic three dimensional(3D)network with context-aware refinement(A3D-CAR)for brain midline modeling.The proposed network fuses 3D context from different two dimensional(2D)slices through asymmetric context fusion.To exploit the elongated structure of the midline,an anisotropic block is designed to balance the difference between the adjacent pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions.For maintaining the structural priority of a brain midline,we present a novel 3D connectivity regular loss(3D CRL)to penalize the disconnectivity between nearby coordinates.Extensive experiments on the CQ dataset and one in-house dataset show that the proposed method outperforms three state-of-the-art methods on four evaluation metrics without excessive computational burden.展开更多
There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).With the growing population of recovered patients,it i...There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).With the growing population of recovered patients,it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and management strategies.Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory illness,recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited to those of the cardiovascular,respiratory,neuropsychiatric,gastrointestinal,reproductive,and musculoskeletal systems may persist long after the acute phase.These persistent manifestations,also referred to as long COVID,could impact all patients with COVID-19 across the full spectrum of illness severity.Herein,we comprehensively review the current literature on long COVID,highlighting its epidemiological understanding,the impact of vaccinations,organ-specific sequelae,pathophysiological mechanisms,and multidisciplinary management strategies.In addition,the impact of psychological and psychosomatic factors is also underscored.Despite these crucial findings on long COVID,the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on previous experience and pilot studies remain inadequate,and well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized to validate existing hypotheses.Thus,we propose the primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps and efficient remedies as well as discuss the corresponding recommendations.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.62106022,62225601,and U19B2036)Key Program of Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.7191003)Beijing Natural Science Foundation Project(No.Z200002).
文摘Brain midline delineation can facilitate the clinical evaluation of brain midline shift,which has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of various brain pathology.However,there are still challenges for brain midline delineation:1)the largely deformed midline is hard to localize if mixed with severe cerebral hemorrhage;2)the predicted midlines of recent methods are not smooth and continuous which violates the structural priority.To overcome these challenges,we propose an anisotropic three dimensional(3D)network with context-aware refinement(A3D-CAR)for brain midline modeling.The proposed network fuses 3D context from different two dimensional(2D)slices through asymmetric context fusion.To exploit the elongated structure of the midline,an anisotropic block is designed to balance the difference between the adjacent pixels in the horizontal and vertical directions.For maintaining the structural priority of a brain midline,we present a novel 3D connectivity regular loss(3D CRL)to penalize the disconnectivity between nearby coordinates.Extensive experiments on the CQ dataset and one in-house dataset show that the proposed method outperforms three state-of-the-art methods on four evaluation metrics without excessive computational burden.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of Sichuan(2022ZDZX0018,2020YFG0473,2023NSFSC1889)Science and Technology Project of Chengdu(2023-YF09-00007-SN)Sichuan University from“0”to“1”Innovation Project.
文摘There have been hundreds of millions of cases of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2).With the growing population of recovered patients,it is crucial to understand the long-term consequences of the disease and management strategies.Although COVID-19 was initially considered an acute respiratory illness,recent evidence suggests that manifestations including but not limited to those of the cardiovascular,respiratory,neuropsychiatric,gastrointestinal,reproductive,and musculoskeletal systems may persist long after the acute phase.These persistent manifestations,also referred to as long COVID,could impact all patients with COVID-19 across the full spectrum of illness severity.Herein,we comprehensively review the current literature on long COVID,highlighting its epidemiological understanding,the impact of vaccinations,organ-specific sequelae,pathophysiological mechanisms,and multidisciplinary management strategies.In addition,the impact of psychological and psychosomatic factors is also underscored.Despite these crucial findings on long COVID,the current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on previous experience and pilot studies remain inadequate,and well-designed clinical trials should be prioritized to validate existing hypotheses.Thus,we propose the primary challenges concerning biological knowledge gaps and efficient remedies as well as discuss the corresponding recommendations.
