Dental anomalies in first-degree relatives of transposed canine probands

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the inheritance pattern and prevalence of inheritable dental anomalies in a sample of patients with maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and their first-degree relatives with a sample of palatally displaced canine families. Thirty-five consecutive maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands and 111 first-degree relatives were matched to 35 consecutive palatally displaced canine probands and 115 first-degree relatives. These were assessed for palatally displaced canines and incisor-premolar hypodontia. Parental age at birth of the proband was also noted. The results revealed that（i） there is no difference in the overall prevalence of palatally displaced canine or incisor-premolar hypodontia between the groups of relatives;（ii） first-degree relatives of bilateral palatally displaced canine probands have a higher prevalence of palatally displaced canine and incisor-premolar hypodontia than those with unilateral palatally displaced canine; and（iii） maternal age at birth of the maxillary canine—first premolar transposition probands was significantly higher than that of the palatally displaced canine probands.The results suggest that maxillary canine—first premolar transposition and palatally displaced canine are unlikely to be different genetic entities and also indicate environmental or epigenetic influences on dental development.

Caring psychiatric patients and its impact on nurses’behavior:a cross-sectional quantitative method study in Saudi Arabia

Objective:The present study aimed to address the care of psychiatric patients and its impact on nurses’behavior in Saudi Arabia.Methods:A cross-sectional quantitative questionnaire-based study was conducted.This study was carried out in various government hospitals across different regions of Saudi Arabia.Results:A total of 73 nurses participated in the study,with male nurses comprising the majority(61.6%)compared to females.Being a young nurse or with few years of work experience is linked with more predilection towards preventive behaviour and/or physical activity.A significant mean difference was observed,indicating higher scores for preventive behavior among females(female 14.93±5.82 vs.male 11.56±5.48,P=0.015).The Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparisons did not reveal any statistical significance for single vs.married(P=0.618),single vs.divorced(P=0.223),and married vs.divorced(P=0.020).Conclusion:The study results demonstrated a significant impact of caring for psychiatric patients on nurses’behavior.This is concerning because psychological and mental health strain has been shown to contribute to unhealthy lifestyle habits,such as physical inactivity and sleep deprivation,which,in turn,can contribute to the increasing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases.Healthcare interventions targeting psychiatric and mental health nurses should be designed and examined to emphasize the importance of healthy lifestyle choices and an active lifestyle.

Fixed Bicortical Screw and Blade Implants as a Non-Standard Solution to an Edentulous (Toothless) Mandible

Aim This paper deals with the treatment of an atrophied toothless mandible with a fixing bridge carried by two nonstandard implant systems. Methodology Four bicortical screws were implanted into the frontal part of the mandible and one implant on each side was placed into the distal area of the mandible as a support for a fixing bridge. Results During the years 2002–2007 the authors placed a total of 256 bicortical screw and 84 blade implants. During this period only four bicortical screws and one blade implant failed. The primary and secondary surgical success rate was therefore above 98%, while the prosthetic success rate was 100%. （Bridges which had to be re-fabricated due to implant failure were not taken into account.） Conclusion This approach is recommended as a highly successful and affordable option for a wide range of patients.

Ozone and its use in periodontal treatment

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment in dental practice. Methods: An evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding the application of ozone in periodontal treatment revealed limited available literature. Therefore an audit was conducted in dental practice in order to evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment. Twenty-five patients were treated with gaseous ozone after having had failed conventional periodontal treatment. BPE scores and the six deepest pockets were measured in each patient before and after the use of ozone. Results: From the initial number of twenty-nine patients selected, twenty-five patients attended both follow up appointments. Based on BPE scores, twenty of the patients have overall improvement while five of the patients continued to have deterioration. Eight patients had an improvement in depths of periodontal pockets by three millimetres, sixteen patients had improvement by one to two millimetres and one patient did not improve. The depth of pockets after the use of ozone decreased significantly (P Conclusion: The audit revealed that gaseous ozone significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the depth of pockets in patients with periodontal disease. The positive results encourage further investigation in the subject.

A Brazilian Case of Tongue Cysticercosis

Human cysticercosis is a neglected tropical parasitic disease due to the tapeworm Taenia solium, common in endemic developing countries. Cysticerci are most commonly found within the central nervous system, but they may also localize in a variety of tissues, including the tongue. Here, we described a case of a 21-year-old woman with a painless, firm, smooth, mucosa-colored nodule located in the lateral region of the tongue was seen by a dentist. An excisional biopsy was performed, and the surgical specimen was examined histomorphologically. The analysis revealed the presence of a cystic lesion containing a serrated larva (Cysticercus cellulosae) as well as a cystic capsule with predominantly mononuclear inflammation. The morphological findings were consistent with the diagnosis of cysticercosis of the tongue. The patient was followed for 22 months and showed no signs of recurrence.

Application of digital image correlation to full-field measurement of shrinkage strain of dental composites

Objectives： Polymerization shrinkage of dental composites remains a major concern in restorative dentistry because it can lead to micro-cracking of the tooth and debonding at the tooth-restoration interface. The aim of this study was to measure the full-field polymerization shrinkage of dental composites using the optical digital image correlation （DIC） method and to evaluate how the measurement is influenced by the factors in experiment setup and image analysis. Methods： Four commercial dental composites, Premise Dentine, Z 100, Z250 and Tetric EvoCeram, were tested. Composite was first placed into a slot mould to form a bar specimen with rectangular-section of 4 mmx2 mm, followed by the surface painting to create irregular speckles. Curing was then applied at one end of the specimen while the other part were covered against curing light for simulating the clinical curing condition of composite in dental cavity. The painted surface was recorded by a charge-coupled device （CCD） camera before and after curing. Subsequently, the volumetric shrinkage of the specimen was calculated with specialist DIC software based on image cross correlation. In addition, a few factors that may influence the measuring accuracy, including the subset window size, speckle size, illumination light and specimen length, were also evaluated. Results： The volumetric shrinkage of the specimen generally decreases with increasing distance from the irradiated surface with a conspicuous exception being the composite Premise Dentine as its maximum shrinkage occurred at a subsurface distance of about 1 mm instead of the irradiated surface. Z100 had the greatest maximum shrinkage strain, followed by Z250, Tetric EvoCeram and then Premise Dentine. Larger subset window size made the shrinkage strain contour smoother. But the cost was that some details in the heterogeneity of the material were lost. Very small subset window size resulted in a lot of noise in the data, making it difficult to discern the general pattern in the strain distribution. Speckle size did not seem to have obvious effect on the volumetric shrinkage strain along specimen length; however, larger speckles resulted in higher level of noise or heterogeneity in the shrinkage distribution. Compared with bright illumination, dimmer lighting produced larger standard deviations in the measured shrinkage~ indicating a higher level of noise. The longer the specimen, the greater was the rate of reduction with distance from the irradiated surface, especially for the longitudinal strain. Significance： The image correlation method is capable of producing full-field polymerization shrinkage of dental composites. The accuracy of the measurements relies on selection of optimal parameters in experimental setup and DIC analysis.

Bioactive 3D-printed chitosan-based scaffolds for personalized craniofacial bone tissue engineering

Regeneration of craniofacial bone defects is a key issue in the bone regeneration field.Hence,novel treatment strategies,such as tissue engineering using porous scaffolds,have been developed.An ideal tissue-engineered scaffold for bone tissue regeneration should possess pores to facilitate nutrients transmission and support repar-ative tissue ingrowth,bioactivity for osteoconduction and osseointegration,and biocompatibility to improve cell attachment,proliferation,and extracellular matrix formation.In the present study,we manufactured chitosan-based hydrogels substituted with alginate with optimized properties by extrusion-based three-dimensional(3D)printing.3D printing of the scaffolds enables the designing and developing of complex architectures for cranio-facial reconstruction using computer-aided design(CAD).Different ratios(2.5,5,and 10%)of hydroxyapatite were added to the hydrogel,printed,and subsequently lyophilized to augment the physical and biological char-acteristics of the scaffolds.Hydroxyapatite incorporation into the chitosan-based scaffolds increased the porosity and pore size of the printed scaffolds.In addition,the presence of hydroxyapatite amplified apatite formation and decreased the size of formed apatite crystals.All the scaffold samples showed biocompatible properties and did not have toxicity toward rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.Furthermore,the scaffolds containing 5%w/w hydroxyapatite exhibited significant growth in cell viability compared to the control.Overall,it is concluded that chitosan-based scaffolds adorned with hydroxyapatite are considerable for regenerating craniofacial bone defects.

富血小板血浆和乏血小板血浆包被的屏障膜对成骨细胞附着的影响

目的观察富血小板血浆(piateletrich plasma,PRP)和乏血小板血浆(platelet poorplasma,PPP)包被的屏障膜对人牙槽骨成骨细胞附着的影响。方法取第4代人牙槽骨成骨细胞用于实验。健康成人的全血经过两次离心得到 PRP 和 PPP。将 A 膜(GoreTex-ePTFE^(TM)膜)、B 膜(GoreTex-Resolut^(TM)膜)和 C 膜(Inion-GTR^(TM)膜)冲切成直径为3 mm 的圆片并同定于24孔培养板底,用盖玻片作为阳性对照,将包被液分为 PRP、PPP、磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffer solution,PBS)3个组,分别包被屏障膜或玻片(仅用磷酸盐)2 h,将成骨细胞以5×10~7个/L 每孔接种于屏障膜或玻片上并孵育24 h 使细胞附着。苏木素染色,光镜下观察并计数,扫描电镜观察成骨细胞附着膜上的形态。结果 PRP 组包被的 A、B、C 膜上的细胞数分别为23、35和41;PPP 组包被的 A、B、C 膜上的细胞数分别15、12和22;PBS 包被的 A、B、C膜上的细胞数分别为3、4和6。成骨细胞在 PRP、PPP 组的附着数量明显高于磷酸盐组(P<0.05);PRP 组较 PPP 组的附着数量多(P<0.05);盖玻片上的附着数量显著多于3种屏障膜。3种屏障膜相比,B 膜和 C 膜的成骨细胞附着量高于 A 膜(P<0.05)。扫描电镜结果显示,PRP 组屏障膜上成骨细胞呈梭形,贴壁好,膜表面可见血小板、交织成网状的纤维蛋白,细胞呈现复层生长;PPP 组或磷酸盐组成骨细胞贴壁不完全,呈圆形。结论 PRP 和 PPP 能促进成骨细胞在屏障膜上的附着数量;PRP 能改善成骨细胞在屏障膜上的附着方式。

Automatic Segmentation Method for Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Image of the Bone Graft Region within Maxillary Sinus Based on the Atrous Spatial Pyramid Convolution Network

Sinus floor elevation with a lateral window approach requires bone graft(BG)to ensure sufficient bone mass,and it is necessary to measure and analyse the BG region for follow-up of postoperative patients.However,the BG region from cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT)images is connected to the margin of the maxillary sinus,and its boundary is blurred.Common segmentation methods are usually performed manually by experienced doctors,and are complicated by challenges such as low efficiency and low precision.In this study,an auto-segmentation approach was applied to the BG region within the maxillary sinus based on an atrous spatial pyramid convolution(ASPC)network.The ASPC module was adopted using residual connections to compose multiple atrous convolutions,which could extract more features on multiple scales.Subsequently,a segmentation network of the BG region with multiple ASPC modules was established,which effectively improved the segmentation performance.Although the training data were insufficient,our networks still achieved good auto-segmentation results,with a dice coefficient(Dice)of 87.13%,an Intersection over Union(Iou)of 78.01%,and a sensitivity of 95.02%.Compared with other methods,our method achieved a better segmentation effect,and effectively reduced the misjudgement of segmentation.Our method can thus be used to implement automatic segmentation of the BG region and improve doctors’work efficiency,which is of great importance for developing preliminary studies on the measurement of postoperative BG within the maxillary sinus.

Development of annulus fibrosus tissue construct with hydrogel coils containing pre-conditioned mesenchymal stem cell

Low back pain associated with degenerative disc diseases has been a major health concern that brings suffering to the patients physically and economically.Many existing therapeutic strategies provide shortterm relief of symptoms rather than treatment of the underlying cause.Development of an engineered tissue for disc regeneration is still in its infancy due to the limited autologous healthy disc cell source from the patients.It is also challenging to mimic the complexity of micro-architecture in the native disc tissue that determine their unique structural properties.To date,simple tissue models that mimic the annulus fibrosus(AF)micro-environment for understanding the potential of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in AF tissue engineering are still lacking.In this study,the assembly of a coiled hydrogel microfiber has shown its capability to encapsulate MSCs and create an engineered tissue model that mimics the multiple lamellae of native AF.Using this model,we investigated the potential of MSCs that were previously induced by ascorbic acid(AA).Compared to non-induced MSCs,AA-induced MSCs exhibited significant increase in AF-associated biomarkers during later development in the engineered AF tissue model and also encouraged collagen accumulation through the down-regulated catabolic gene MMP1 and upregulated anti-catabolic gene TIMP1.Furthermore,AA-induced MSCs exhibited a Col2/Col1 ratio closer to that of a native AF tissue.These results suggested that AA-induced MSCs could be a potential cell source for AF tissue engineering and this established tissue model may provide a simple tool for successful AF tissue engineering strategies in the future.

One-step synthesis of amine-coated ultra-small mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Silica nanoparticles have been studied extensively in biomedical field due to their high biocompatibility,controllable morphology and so on.They can be used both as the drug carrier and imaging vehicle.Here,an aminated ultra-small silica nanoparticle based system is developed with various functionalities.Multiple molecules including fluorophore,folic acid,and antibody are coupled to this system to achieve specific applications such as bacterial/cell labelling and recognition.

Non-odontogenic hard palate cysts with special reference to globulomaxillary cyst

Palatal cysts are always confusing by defining their exact nomenclature or conclusive diagnosis.One of these presentations is globulomaxillary cyst which requires to be categorized under appropriate head for the management point of view.Though this entity appears to be of odontogenic in origin but because of its anatomical relation and histo-pathological background this is placed in non odontogenic group.Though the mechanism of its formation remains the same but this cyst cannot be mixed up with nasopalatine cyst as per their location.Globulomaxillary cyst appears as inverted pear shaped radiolucency in all radiological procedures.This remains asymptomatic for a long time and rarely gets infected.We present a 29-year-old male who reported with one year history of asymptomatic right side hard palate swelling.He was subsequently diagnosed as globulomaxillary cyst with the help of radiological modalities like computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.This article will highlight mainly the clinical and radiological features of these cysts with particular reference to globulomaxillary cyst which is our presenting case.