BKP方程族的Pfaffian解

本文从约化的角度考虑BKP方程族的Pfaffian形式的解.证明了通过施加适当的微分约束,KP方程族的格拉姆行列式的解很自然的约化为BKP方程族的解.

复杂网络：结构和动力学

耦合的生物化学系统、神经网络、相互作用的群居物种、互联网和万维网只是由大量高度相互连接的动态个体组成的系统的少数几个例子。获取这类系统的全局特征的首选方法是建立图模型——图中的点代表动态个体，边代表个体间的相互作用。一方面，科学家们需要处理结构问题如刻画一个复杂连线体系的拓扑结构、揭示建立在现实网络基础上的统一原理，以及完善模型从而模拟网络的增长和复制网络结构特性；另一方面，在研究复杂网络动力学时会产生许多相关问题，例如研究一个大的动态系统如何通过复杂连接的相互作用来表现集体行为的。我们回顾了近来在研究复杂网络的结构和动力学方面的主要概念以及取得的结果，总结了这些思想在许多不同学科包括从非线性科学到生物学、从统计力学到医药学以及工程学等领域的有关应用。

Charged Gravastar in a Dark Energy Universe

Here we constructed a charged gravastar model formed by an interior de Sitter spacetime, a charged dynamical infinitely thin shell with an equation of state and an exterior de Sitter-Reissner-Nordstrom spacetime. We find that the presence of the charge is crucial to the stability of these structures. It can as much favor the stability of a bounded excursion gravastar, and still converting it in a stable gravastar, as make disappear a stable gravastar, depending on the range of the charge considered. There is also formation of black holes and, above certain values, the presence of the charge allows the formation of naked singularity. This is an important example in which a naked singularity emerges as a consequence of unstabilities of a gravastar model, which reinforces that gravastar is not an alternative model to black hole.

Level Structure in ^(69)As

High-spin states in 69As were populated via the 40Ca(32S, 3p)69As reaction at 95 MeV beam energy. The 32S beam was provided by the VIVITRON accelerator of the IreS Strasbourg. A target of 1 mg/cm2 With 15 mg/cm2 gold backing was used. Measurements of γ-γand γ-γ-γcoincidences were performed with the EUROBALL

Tight-binding models for ultracold atoms in optical lattices：general formulation and applications

Tight-binding models for ultracold atoms in optical lattices can be properly defined by using the concept of maximally localized Wannier functions for composite bands. The basic principles of this approach are reviewed here, along with different applications to lattice potentials with two minima per unit cell, in one and two spatial dimensions. Two independent methods for computing the tight-binding coefficients—one ab initio, based on the maximally localized Wannier functions, the other through analytic expressions in terms of the energy spectrum—are considered. In the one dimensional case, where the tight-binding coefficients can be obtained by designing a specific gauge transformation, we consider both the case of quasi resonance between the two lowest bands, and that between s and p orbitals. In the latter case, the role of the Wannier functions in the derivation of an effective Dirac equation is also reviewed. Then, we consider the case of a two dimensional honeycomb potential, with particular emphasis on the Haldane model, its phase diagram, and the breakdown of the Peierls substitution. Tunable honeycomb lattices, characterized by movable Dirac points, are also considered. Finally, general considerations for dealing with the interaction terms are presented.

The radiative decay D^(0)→ K^(*0)γ with vector meson dominance

Motivated by the experimental measurements of D0 radiative decay modes, we have proposed a model to study the D0→ K＊0γ decay, by establishing a link with D0→ K＊0V （V=ρ0, ω） decays through the vector meson dominance hypothesis. In order to do this properly, we have used the Lagrangians from the local hidden gauge symmetry approach to account for Vγ conversion. As a result, we have found the branching ratio B[D0→ K＊0γ]=（1.55-3.44）×10-4, which is in fair agreement with the experimental values reported by the Belle and BaBar collaborations.

PARTICLE DETECTORS AT ACCELERATORS

33.1. Introduction This review summarizes the detector technologies employed at accelerator particle physics experiments. Several of these detectors are also used in a non-accelerator context and examples of such applications will be provided. The detector techniques which are specific to non-accelerator particle physics experiments are the subject of Chap.

ELECTROWEAK MODEL AND CONSTRAINTS ON NEW PHYSICS

Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections

ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS

Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,

QUARK MODEL

Revised August 2013 by C. Amsler （University of Bern）, T. DeGrand （University of Colorado, Boulder）, and B. Krusche （University of Basel）.

PARTICLE DETECTORS FOR NON-ACCELERATOR PHYSICS

Updated 2013 （see the various sections for authors）.34.1. Introduction Non-accelerator experiments have become increasingly important in particle physics. These include classical cosmic ray experiments, neutrino oscillation measurements, and searches for double-beta decay, dark matter candidates, and magnetic monopoles.

A plasmonic route for the integrated wireless communication of subdiffraction-limited signals

Perfect lenses,superlenses and time-reversal mirrors can support and spatially separate evanescent waves,which is the basis for detecting subwavelength information in the far field.However,the inherent limitations of these methods have prevented the development of systems to dynamically distinguish subdiffraction-limited signals.Utilizing the physical merits of spoof surface plasmon polaritons(SPPs),we demonstrate that subdiffraction-limited signals can be transmitted on planar integrated SPP channels with low loss,low channel interference,and high gain and can be radiated with a very low environmental sensitivity.Furthermore,we show how deep subdiffraction-limited signals that are spatially coupled can be distinguished after line-of-sight wireless transmission.For a visualized demonstration,we realize the high-quality wireless communication of two movies on subwavelength channels over the line of sight in real time using our plasmonic scheme,showing significant advantages over the conventional methods.

Inconsistencies in four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity

We attempt to clarify several aspects concemi ng the recently presented four-dimensional Ein stein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity.We argue that the limiting procedure outlined in[Phys.Rev.Lett.124,081301(2020)]generally involves ill-defined terms in the four dimensional field equations.Potential ways to circumvent this issue are discussed,alongside remarks regarding specific solutions of the theory.We prove that,although linear perturbations are well behaved around maximally symmetric backgrounds,the equations for second-order perturbations are illdefined even around a Minkowskia n background.Additi on ally,we perform a detailed analysis of the spherically symmetric solutions and find that the central curvature singularity can be reached within a finite proper time.

Triangle singularity enhancing isospin violation in B^0_s→ J/ψπ~0f_0(980)

We perform calculations for the Bs0→ J/ψπ0f0（980） and Bs0 → J/ψπ0a0（980） reactions, showing that the first is isospin-suppressed while the second is isospin-allowed. The reaction proceeds via a triangle mechanism, with Bs0 →J/ψK＊ K ＋c.c., followed by the decay K＊ →Kπ and a further fusion of KK into the f0（980） or a0（980）. We show that the mechanism develops a singularity around the π0 f0（980） or π0a0（980） invariant mass of 1420 MeV, where the π0f0 and π0a0 decay modes are magnified and also the ratio of π0f0 to π0a0 production. Using experimental information for the Bs0 → J/ψK＊K ＋c.c. decay, we are able to obtain absolute values for the reactions studied which fall into the experimentally accessible range. The reactions proposed and the observables evaluated, when contrasted with actual experiments, should be very valuable to obtain information on the nature of the low lying scalar mesons.

Chiral corrections to the 1^-＋ exotic meson mass

We first construct the effective chiral Lagrangians tor the 1^-＋ exotic mesons.With the infrared regularization scheme,we derive the one-loop infrared singular chiral corrections to the π1（1600） mass explicitly.We investigate the variation of the different chiral corrections with the pion mass under two schemes.Hopefully,the explicit non-analytical chiral structures will be helpful for the chiral extrapolation of lattice data from the dynamical lattice QCD simulation of either the exotic light hybrid meson or the tetraquark state.

BOTTOM MESONS(B=±1)B^+=u,B^0=d,B^0=db,B^-=b,similarly for B~*'s

Many measurements of B decays involve admixtures of B hadrons. Previously we arbitrarily included such admixtures in the B±section, but because of their importance we have created two new sections：

N BARYONS(S=0,I=1/2)p,N^+=uud;n,N^0=udd

p MASS （atomic mass units u）The mass is known much more precisely in u （atomic mass units） than in MeV. See the next data block.

BOTTOM,CHARMED MESONS(B=C=±1)B_c^+=c,B_c^-=cb,similarly for B_c~*'s

I（JP） = 0（0-）I, J, P need confirmation.Quantum numbers shown are quark-model predictions.

REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

BOTTOM BARYONS(B=-1)∧_b^0=udb,≡_b^0=usb,≡_b^-=dsb,Ω_b^-=ssb

In the quark model, a ∧b0 is an isospin-0 udb state. The lowest ∧b0 ought to have JP = 1/2＋. None of I, J, or P have actually been measured.