Articular cartilage repair techniques are challenging. Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) theoretically provide an unlimited number of specialized cells which could be used in articu...Articular cartilage repair techniques are challenging. Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) theoretically provide an unlimited number of specialized cells which could be used in articular cartilage repair. However thus far chondrocytes from iPSCs have been created primarily by viral transfection and with the use of cocultured feeder cells. In addition chondrocytes derived from i PSCs have usually been formed in condensed cell bodies(resembling embryoid bodies) that then require dissolution with consequent substantial loss of cell viability and phenotype. All of these current techniques used to derive chondrocytes from i PSCs are problematic but solutions to these problems are on the horizon. These solutions will make i PSCs a viable alternative for articular cartilage repair in the near future.展开更多
The definition of the generalized fuzzy set is presented for the first time, and a generalized fuzzy operator is proposed to transform a generalized fuzzy set into a normal fuzzy set. The algorithm theory of the opera...The definition of the generalized fuzzy set is presented for the first time, and a generalized fuzzy operator is proposed to transform a generalized fuzzy set into a normal fuzzy set. The algorithm theory of the operator, as the newest method of the edge detection of a 2-D image, is successfully established. Many experiments haw proved that the algorithm is simpler, more rapid and more precise in location than other edge detection methods. And a schedule of the concrete performance has been given additionally about the edge detection of color images.展开更多
In this article,we present a nanoelectromechanical system(NEMS)designed to detect changes in the Casimir energy.The Casimir effect is a result of the appearance of quantum fluctuations in an electromagnetic vacuum.Pre...In this article,we present a nanoelectromechanical system(NEMS)designed to detect changes in the Casimir energy.The Casimir effect is a result of the appearance of quantum fluctuations in an electromagnetic vacuum.Previous experiments have used nano-or microscale parallel plate capacitors to detect the Casimir force by measuring the small attractive force these fluctuations exert between the two surfaces.In this new set of experiments,we aim to directly detect the shifts in the Casimir energy in a vacuum due to the presence of the metallic parallel plates,one of which is a superconductor.A change in the Casimir energy of this configuration is predicted to shift the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))because of the interaction between it and the superconducting condensation energy.In our experiment,we take a superconducting film,carefully measure its transition temperature,bring a conducting plate close to the film,create a Casimir cavity,and then measure the transition temperature again.The expected shifts are smaller than the normal shifts one sees in cycling superconducting films to cryogenic temperatures,so using a NEMS resonator in situ is the only practical way to obtain accurate,reproducible data.Using a thin Pb film and opposing Au surface,we observe no shift in T_(c)>12µK down to a minimum spacing of~70 nm at zero applied magnetic field.展开更多
文摘Articular cartilage repair techniques are challenging. Human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells(i PSCs) theoretically provide an unlimited number of specialized cells which could be used in articular cartilage repair. However thus far chondrocytes from iPSCs have been created primarily by viral transfection and with the use of cocultured feeder cells. In addition chondrocytes derived from i PSCs have usually been formed in condensed cell bodies(resembling embryoid bodies) that then require dissolution with consequent substantial loss of cell viability and phenotype. All of these current techniques used to derive chondrocytes from i PSCs are problematic but solutions to these problems are on the horizon. These solutions will make i PSCs a viable alternative for articular cartilage repair in the near future.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China Important Research Foundation of Guangdong Province
文摘The definition of the generalized fuzzy set is presented for the first time, and a generalized fuzzy operator is proposed to transform a generalized fuzzy set into a normal fuzzy set. The algorithm theory of the operator, as the newest method of the edge detection of a 2-D image, is successfully established. Many experiments haw proved that the algorithm is simpler, more rapid and more precise in location than other edge detection methods. And a schedule of the concrete performance has been given additionally about the edge detection of color images.
基金This work is supported in part by the Cooperative Research Agreement between the University of Maryland and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology,Award 70NANB10H193,through the University of MarylandAdditional support of this work is provided by the National Science Foundation under Grants EEC-1647837,ECCS-1708283,EEC-0812056,a SONY Faculty Innovation Award,and DARPA/AFRL through award FA8650-15-C-7545。
文摘In this article,we present a nanoelectromechanical system(NEMS)designed to detect changes in the Casimir energy.The Casimir effect is a result of the appearance of quantum fluctuations in an electromagnetic vacuum.Previous experiments have used nano-or microscale parallel plate capacitors to detect the Casimir force by measuring the small attractive force these fluctuations exert between the two surfaces.In this new set of experiments,we aim to directly detect the shifts in the Casimir energy in a vacuum due to the presence of the metallic parallel plates,one of which is a superconductor.A change in the Casimir energy of this configuration is predicted to shift the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c))because of the interaction between it and the superconducting condensation energy.In our experiment,we take a superconducting film,carefully measure its transition temperature,bring a conducting plate close to the film,create a Casimir cavity,and then measure the transition temperature again.The expected shifts are smaller than the normal shifts one sees in cycling superconducting films to cryogenic temperatures,so using a NEMS resonator in situ is the only practical way to obtain accurate,reproducible data.Using a thin Pb film and opposing Au surface,we observe no shift in T_(c)>12µK down to a minimum spacing of~70 nm at zero applied magnetic field.
