With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices....With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.展开更多
The systematic investigations of the mechanical, elastic, and electronic properties, and stability of the newly synthesized monoclinic C2/m-Ca2C3 are performed, based on the first-principles calculations. Ca2C3 is fou...The systematic investigations of the mechanical, elastic, and electronic properties, and stability of the newly synthesized monoclinic C2/m-Ca2C3 are performed, based on the first-principles calculations. Ca2C3 is found to be mechanically and dynamically stable only from 0 GPa to 24 GPa. The elastic anisotropy studies show that Ca2C3 exhibits the elastic anisotropy increasing with the augment of pressure. Furthermore, using the HSE06 hybrid functional, the electronic properties of Ca2C3 under pressure are calculated. The structure can be regarded as a quasi-direct band gap semiconductor, and the pressure-induced direct-indirect band gap transition is studied in detail.展开更多
Inverse design focuses on identifying photonic structures to optimize the performance of photonic devices.Conventional scalar-based inverse design approaches are insufficient to design photonic devices of anisotropic ...Inverse design focuses on identifying photonic structures to optimize the performance of photonic devices.Conventional scalar-based inverse design approaches are insufficient to design photonic devices of anisotropic materials such as lithium niobate(LN).To the best of our knowledge,this work proposes for the first time the inverse design method for anisotropic materials to optimize the structure of anisotropic-material based photonics devices.Specifically,the orientation dependent properties of anisotropic materials are included in the adjoint method,which provides a more precise prediction of light propagation within such materials.The proposed method is used to design ultra-compact wavelength division demultiplexers in the X-cut thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)platform.By benchmarking the device performances of our method with those of classical scalar-based inverse design,we demonstrate that this method properly addresses the critical issue of material anisotropy in the X-cut TFLN platform.This proposed method fills the gap of inverse design of anisotropic materials based photonic devices,which finds prominent applications in TFLN platforms and other anisotropicmaterial based photonic integration platforms.展开更多
The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be f...The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.展开更多
The paper proposes an on-line signature verification algorithm, through which test sample and template signatures can be optimizedly matched, based on evolutionary computation (EC). Firstly, the similarity of signat...The paper proposes an on-line signature verification algorithm, through which test sample and template signatures can be optimizedly matched, based on evolutionary computation (EC). Firstly, the similarity of signature curve segment is defined, and shift and scale transforms are also introduced due to the randoness of on-line signature. Secondly, this paper puts forward signature verification matching algorithm after establishment of the mathematical model. Thirdly, the concrete realization of the algorithm based on EC is discussed as well. In addition, the influence of shift and scale on the matching result is fully considered in the algorithm. Finally, a computation example is given, and the matching results between the test sample curve and the template signature curve are analyzed in detail, The preliminary experiments reveal that the type of signature verification problem can be solved by EC.展开更多
The transformer core snubber (CS), as one of the most important components in the EAST (experimental advanced superconducting tokamak) NBI (neutral beam injector) system, is designed to limit grid damage and pro...The transformer core snubber (CS), as one of the most important components in the EAST (experimental advanced superconducting tokamak) NBI (neutral beam injector) system, is designed to limit grid damage and protect the ion source during periods of electrical breakdowns. A transformer core snubber is analyzed in detail in this paper. Several kinds of soft magnetic cores are presented and compared. With analysis and experiment on the basic characteristics of the cores, the most suitable materials are suggested. The circuit simulation code is established which could simulate faulty conditions with concentrated and distributed CS concepts. Based on the above work, an ion source CS is developed with series type of distributed topology. The CS has been subjected to experimental validation at 80 kV with a peak short-current of approximately 400 A in a real NBI system, which proves the accuracy of the adopted assumptions and the analysis method.展开更多
Interference alignment(IA) is suitable for cognitive radio networks(CRNs).However, in IA spectrum sharing(SS) process of general underlay CRNs, transmit power of cognitive radio transmitters usually should be reduced ...Interference alignment(IA) is suitable for cognitive radio networks(CRNs).However, in IA spectrum sharing(SS) process of general underlay CRNs, transmit power of cognitive radio transmitters usually should be reduced to satisfy interference constraint of primary user(PU), which may lead to low signalto-noise-ratio at cognitive radio receivers(CRRs). Consequently, sum rate of cognitive users(CUs) may fall short of the theoretical maximum through IA. To solve this problem,we propose an adaptive IA SS method for general distributed multi-user multi-antenna CRNs. The relationship between interference and noise power at each CRR is analyzed according to channel state information, interference requirement of PU, and power budget of CUs. Based on the analysis, scenarios of the CRN are classified into 4 cases, and corresponding IA SS algorithms are properly designed. Transmit power adjustment, CU access control and adjusted spatial projection are used to realize IA among CUs. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method is more general because of breaking the restriction that CUs can only transmit on the idle sub-channels. Moreover, in comparison to other five IA SS methods applicable in general CRN, the proposed method leads to improved achievable sum rate of CUs while guarantees transmission of PU.展开更多
In this paper, operator based robust nonlinear control for single-input single-output(SISO) and multi-input multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear uncertain systems preceded by generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI) hysteresis is c...In this paper, operator based robust nonlinear control for single-input single-output(SISO) and multi-input multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear uncertain systems preceded by generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI) hysteresis is considered respectively. In detail, by using operator based robust right coprime factorization approach, the control system design structures including feedforward and feedback controllers for both SISO and MIMO nonlinear uncertain systems are given, respectively.In which, the controller design includes the information of PI hysteresis and its inverse, and some sufficient conditions for the controllers in both SISO and MIMO systems should be satisfied are also derived respectively. Based on the proposed conditions, influence from hysteresis is rejected, the systems are robustly stable and output tracking performance can be realized.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical simulations.展开更多
Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late po...Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late power (EMLP) discriminator of GNSS receivers in the presence of multipath and CW interference. An analytical expression of the code tracking error is suggested for EMLP discriminator, and it can be used to assess the effect of multipath and CW interference. The derived expression shows that the combined effects include three components: multipath component;CW interference component and the combined component of multipath and CW interference. The effect of these components depends on some factors which can be classified into two categories: the receiving environment and the receiver parameters. Numerical results show how these factors affect the tracking performances. It is shown that the proper receiver parameters can suppress the combined effects of multipath and CW interference.展开更多
This paper proposes a model of neural networks consisting of populations of perceptive neurons, inter-neurons, and motor neurons according to the theory of stochastic phase resetting dynamics. According to this model,...This paper proposes a model of neural networks consisting of populations of perceptive neurons, inter-neurons, and motor neurons according to the theory of stochastic phase resetting dynamics. According to this model, the dynamical characteristics of neural networks are studied in three coupling cases, namely, series and parallel coupling, series coupling, and unilateral coupling. The results show that the indentified structure of neural networks enables the basic characteristics of neural information processing to be described in terms of the actions of both the optional motor and the reflected motor. The excitation of local neural networks is caused by the action of the optional motor. In particular, the excitation of the neural population caused by the action of the optional motor in the motor cortex is larger than that caused by the action of the reflected motor. This phenomenon indicates that there are more neurons participating in the neural information processing and the excited synchronization motion under the action of the optional motor.展开更多
A simple and rapid process for synthesizing lead zirconate titanate,Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT),ferroclectric powders was developed.This process,combining the sol-gel and combustion process.offers several advantages o...A simple and rapid process for synthesizing lead zirconate titanate,Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT),ferroclectric powders was developed.This process,combining the sol-gel and combustion process.offers several advantages over conventional methods.including rapid solution synthesis,use of commercially available materials lower synthesis temperature and ease of obtaining ultrafine powders.The precursor solution for synthesizing powders was prepared from lead nitrate.zireonium nitrate.titanium oxynitrate,citric acid and deionized water.The precarsor was investigated by DSC-TG,and the PZT powders were investigated by powder-XRD,IR spectra and TEM.XRD analysis shous that the powders possess a single phase perovskite type structure,no pyrochlore phase exists.and TEM image shows that the grain size of the powders is about 40nm.展开更多
Orthogonal variable spreading factor channelization codes are widely used to provide variable data rates for supporting different bandwidth requirements in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems. A new...Orthogonal variable spreading factor channelization codes are widely used to provide variable data rates for supporting different bandwidth requirements in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems. A new code match scheme for WCDMA code tree management was proposed. The code match scheme is similar to the existing crowed-first scheme. When choosing a code for a user, the code match scheme only compares the one up layer of the allocated codes, unlike the crowed-first scheme which perhaps compares all up layers. So the operation of code match scheme is simple, and the average time delay is decreased by 5.1%. The simulation results also show that the code match strategy can decrease the average code blocking probability by 8.4%.展开更多
In this paper,an ultraviolet C-band laser diode lasing at 277 nm composed of B0.313Ga0.687N/B0.40Ga0.60N QW/QB heterostructure on Mg and Si-doped AlxGa1-xN layers was designed,as well as a lowest reported substitution...In this paper,an ultraviolet C-band laser diode lasing at 277 nm composed of B0.313Ga0.687N/B0.40Ga0.60N QW/QB heterostructure on Mg and Si-doped AlxGa1-xN layers was designed,as well as a lowest reported substitutional accepter and donor concentration up to NA=5.0×10^17 cm^-3 and ND=9.0×10^16 cm^-3 for deep ultraviolet lasing was achieved.The structure was assumed to be grown over bulk AIN substrate and operate under a continuous wave at room temperature.Although there is an emphasizing of the suitability for using boron nitride wide band gap in the deep ultraviolet region,there is still a shortage of investigation about the ternary BGaN in aluminum-rich AIGaN alloys.Based on the simulation,an average local gain in quantum wells of 1946 cm^-1,the maximum emitted power of 2.4 W,the threshold current of 500 mA,a slope efficiency of 1.91 W/A as well as an average DC resistance for the V-I curve of(0.336Ω)had been observed.Along with an investigation regarding different EBL,designs were included with tapered and inverse tapered structure.Therefore,it had been found a good agreement with the published results for tapered EBL design,with an overweighting for a proposed inverse tapered EBL design.展开更多
In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solutions for some infinite delay integral equations are discussed. By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem,some new results are obtained.
Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset spli...Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset splicing is utilized for mode excitation.Extinction ratio and insertion loss are analyzed experimentally under different offset distances.The fabricated in-line interferometers are packaged under the mattress to realize contactless vital signs signals collection.By using filtering techniques,both respiration and heartbeat signals can be recovered successfully,and respiration as well as heartbeat ratio are obtained.Mode excitation and interference are theoretically analyzed in few-mode fiber while curvature sensing experiments using multi-core fiber interferometer are performed to verify its excellent performance on vital signs monitoring.The successful demonstration on contactless vital signs monitoring makes few-mode and multi-core fibers promising candidates for healthcare applications.展开更多
Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation ...Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation is not well understood for also important two-step perovskite fabrication method,with better control of crystallization behavior.In this work,we introduced ionic liquid methylammonium formate(MAFa)into organic salt to produce perovskite film via a two-step method.Systematic investigations on the influence of MAFa on the perovskite thin film formation mechanism were performed.Ionic liquid is shown to assist lowering the perovskite formation enthalpy upon the density functional theory(DFT)calculation,leading to an accelerated crystallization process evidenced by in-situ UV-Vis absorption measurement.A gradient up-down distribution of ionic liquid has been confirmed by timeof-flight SIMS.Importantly,besides the surface passivation,we found the HCOO-can diffuse into the perovskite crystals to fill up the halide vacancies,resulting in significant reduction of trap states.Uniform perovskite films with significantly larger grains and less defect density were prepared with the help of MAFa IL,and the corresponding device efficiency over 23%was obtained by two-step process with remarkably improved stability.This research work provides an efficient strategy to tune the morphology and opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials via ionic-liquid-assisted two-step fabrication method,which is beneficial for upscaling and application of perovskite photovoltaics.展开更多
As synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has been widely used nearly in every field, SAR image de-noising became a very important research field. A new SAR image de-noising method based on texture strength and weighted nucl...As synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has been widely used nearly in every field, SAR image de-noising became a very important research field. A new SAR image de-noising method based on texture strength and weighted nuclear norm minimization(WNNM) is proposed. To implement blind de-noising, the accurate estimation of noise variance is very important. So far, it is still a challenge to estimate SAR image noise level accurately because of the rich texture. Principal component analysis(PCA) and the low rank patches selected by image texture strength are used to estimate the noise level. With the help of noise level, WNNM can be expected to SAR image de-noising. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many excellent de-noising algorithms such as Bayes least squares-Gaussian scale mixtures(BLS-GSM) method, non-local means(NLM) filtering in terms of both quantitative measure and visual perception quality.展开更多
Researchers face many class prediction challenges stemming from a small size of training data vis-a-vis a large number of unlabeled samples to be predicted. Transductive learning is proposed to utilize information abo...Researchers face many class prediction challenges stemming from a small size of training data vis-a-vis a large number of unlabeled samples to be predicted. Transductive learning is proposed to utilize information about unlabeled data to estimate labels of the unlabeled data for this condition. This work presents a new transductive learning method called two-way Markov random walk(TMRW) algorithm. The algorithm uses information about labeled and unlabeled data to predict the labels of the unlabeled data by taking random walks between the labeled and unlabeled data where data points are viewed as nodes of a graph. The labeled points correlate to unlabeled points and vice versa according to a transition probability matrix. We can get the predicted labels of unlabeled samples by combining the results of the two-way walks. Finally, ensemble learning is combined with transductive learning, and Adboost.MH is taken as the study framework to improve the performance of TMRW, which is the basic learner. Experiments show that this algorithm can predict labels of unlabeled data well.展开更多
A comprehensive study on the requirements for the highly efficient third harmonic generation(THG) and its inverse process, one-third harmonic generation(OTHG), in lossy waveguides is proposed. The field intensity rest...A comprehensive study on the requirements for the highly efficient third harmonic generation(THG) and its inverse process, one-third harmonic generation(OTHG), in lossy waveguides is proposed. The field intensity restrictions for both THG and OTHG caused by loss are demonstrated. The effective relative phase ranges, supporting the positive growth of signal fields of THG and OTHG are shrunken by the loss. Furthermore, it turns out that the effective relative phase ranges depend on the intensities of the interacting fields. At last, a modified definition of coherent length in loss situation, which evaluates the phase matching degree more precisely, is proposed by incorporating the shrunken relative phase range and the nonlinear phase mismatch. These theoretical analysis are valuable for guiding the experimental designs for highly efficient THG and OTHG.展开更多
The upper vertical stability (VS) feeder is a part connected to the upper VS coil by a welding joint. The function of the feeder is to transfer current and coolant water to the VS coil. A giant electron^agnetic forc...The upper vertical stability (VS) feeder is a part connected to the upper VS coil by a welding joint. The function of the feeder is to transfer current and coolant water to the VS coil. A giant electron^agnetic force will be generated during normal operation by the current flowing in the VS coils, interacting with the external background field. The Lorentz force will induce Tresca stress in the feeder. The amplitudes of the magnetic field and Lorentz force along the conductor running direction have been calculated based on Maxwell's equations. To extract the Tresca stress in the feeder, a finite element model was created using the software ANSYS and an electromagnetic load was applied on the model. According to the analytical design, the stresses were classified and evaluated based on ASME. In order to reduce the Tresca stress, some optimization works have been done and the Tresca stress has had a significant reduction in the optimized model. This analytical work figured out the stress distribution in the feeder and checked the feasibility of the prototype design model. The ANSYS analysis results will provide a guidance for later improvement and fabrication.展开更多
基金R.Ma thanks the support from PolyU Distinguished Postdoc Fellowship(1-YW4C)Z.Luo thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,No.22309119)+7 种基金J.Wu thanks the Guangdong government and the Guangzhou government for funding(2021QN02C110)the Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project(No.2023A03J0097 and 2023A03J0003)H.Yan appreciates the support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFA0705900)funded by MOST,the Basic and Applied Research Major Program of Guangdong Province(No.2019B030302007)the Shen Zhen Technology and Innovation Commission through(Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program,JCYJ20200109140801751)the Hong Kong Research Grants Council(research fellow scheme RFS2021-6S05,RIF project R6021-18,CRF project C6023‐19G,GRF project 16310019,16310020,16309221,and 16309822)Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission(ITC‐CNERC14SC01)Foshan‐HKUST(Project NO.FSUST19‐CAT0202)Zhongshan Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(NO.ZSST20SC02)and Tencent Xplorer Prize。
文摘With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells(OSCs)construction strategies proposed and applied,its power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)have come to a new level of over 19%in single-junction devices.However,previous studies are heavily based in chloroform(CF)leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component.Herein,we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy,named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap,brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9,processed by CF and ortho-xylene(o-XY).With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments,the best PCE of 19.24%for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif,which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior.Likewise,over 19%PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition.This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance,hence,will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11204007 and 61474089)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province,China(Grant Nos.2016JM1026 and 2016JM1016)the Natural Science Foundation from Education Committee of Shaanxi Province,China(Grant Nos.16JK1049 and 16JK1016)
文摘The systematic investigations of the mechanical, elastic, and electronic properties, and stability of the newly synthesized monoclinic C2/m-Ca2C3 are performed, based on the first-principles calculations. Ca2C3 is found to be mechanically and dynamically stable only from 0 GPa to 24 GPa. The elastic anisotropy studies show that Ca2C3 exhibits the elastic anisotropy increasing with the augment of pressure. Furthermore, using the HSE06 hybrid functional, the electronic properties of Ca2C3 under pressure are calculated. The structure can be regarded as a quasi-direct band gap semiconductor, and the pressure-induced direct-indirect band gap transition is studied in detail.
基金supported from the Major Key Project of PCLthe National Talent Program。
文摘Inverse design focuses on identifying photonic structures to optimize the performance of photonic devices.Conventional scalar-based inverse design approaches are insufficient to design photonic devices of anisotropic materials such as lithium niobate(LN).To the best of our knowledge,this work proposes for the first time the inverse design method for anisotropic materials to optimize the structure of anisotropic-material based photonics devices.Specifically,the orientation dependent properties of anisotropic materials are included in the adjoint method,which provides a more precise prediction of light propagation within such materials.The proposed method is used to design ultra-compact wavelength division demultiplexers in the X-cut thin-film lithium niobate(TFLN)platform.By benchmarking the device performances of our method with those of classical scalar-based inverse design,we demonstrate that this method properly addresses the critical issue of material anisotropy in the X-cut TFLN platform.This proposed method fills the gap of inverse design of anisotropic materials based photonic devices,which finds prominent applications in TFLN platforms and other anisotropicmaterial based photonic integration platforms.
基金This was work supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents inUniversity under Grand No. NCET-04-0702.
文摘The advantage of the network laboratory is the better flexibility of lab experiments by allowing remote control from different locations at a freely chosen time. In engineering education, the work should not only be focused on the technical realization of virtual or remote access experiments, but also on the achievement of its pedagogical goals. In this paper, an interactive laboratory is introduced which is based on the online tutoring system, virtual and remote access experiments. It has been piloted in the Department of Electronic Science and Technology, HUST. Some pedagogical issues for electronic engineering laboratory design, the development of a multi-serverbased distributed architecture for the reduction of network latency and implementations of the function module are presented. Finally, the system is proved valid by an experiment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China (60496315)
文摘The paper proposes an on-line signature verification algorithm, through which test sample and template signatures can be optimizedly matched, based on evolutionary computation (EC). Firstly, the similarity of signature curve segment is defined, and shift and scale transforms are also introduced due to the randoness of on-line signature. Secondly, this paper puts forward signature verification matching algorithm after establishment of the mathematical model. Thirdly, the concrete realization of the algorithm based on EC is discussed as well. In addition, the influence of shift and scale on the matching result is fully considered in the algorithm. Finally, a computation example is given, and the matching results between the test sample curve and the template signature curve are analyzed in detail, The preliminary experiments reveal that the type of signature verification problem can be solved by EC.
基金supported by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China (Nos.2010GB108003, 2011GB113005-1)in part by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China (No.2010GB108003)+1 种基金the State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program 2011GB113005-1)the Large Scientific Project of EAST Auxiliary Heating Upgrade
文摘The transformer core snubber (CS), as one of the most important components in the EAST (experimental advanced superconducting tokamak) NBI (neutral beam injector) system, is designed to limit grid damage and protect the ion source during periods of electrical breakdowns. A transformer core snubber is analyzed in detail in this paper. Several kinds of soft magnetic cores are presented and compared. With analysis and experiment on the basic characteristics of the cores, the most suitable materials are suggested. The circuit simulation code is established which could simulate faulty conditions with concentrated and distributed CS concepts. Based on the above work, an ion source CS is developed with series type of distributed topology. The CS has been subjected to experimental validation at 80 kV with a peak short-current of approximately 400 A in a real NBI system, which proves the accuracy of the adopted assumptions and the analysis method.
基金supported by National Natuvertexesral Science Foundation of China under Grant 61201233 61271262 and 61701043
文摘Interference alignment(IA) is suitable for cognitive radio networks(CRNs).However, in IA spectrum sharing(SS) process of general underlay CRNs, transmit power of cognitive radio transmitters usually should be reduced to satisfy interference constraint of primary user(PU), which may lead to low signalto-noise-ratio at cognitive radio receivers(CRRs). Consequently, sum rate of cognitive users(CUs) may fall short of the theoretical maximum through IA. To solve this problem,we propose an adaptive IA SS method for general distributed multi-user multi-antenna CRNs. The relationship between interference and noise power at each CRR is analyzed according to channel state information, interference requirement of PU, and power budget of CUs. Based on the analysis, scenarios of the CRN are classified into 4 cases, and corresponding IA SS algorithms are properly designed. Transmit power adjustment, CU access control and adjusted spatial projection are used to realize IA among CUs. Compared with existing methods, the proposed method is more general because of breaking the restriction that CUs can only transmit on the idle sub-channels. Moreover, in comparison to other five IA SS methods applicable in general CRN, the proposed method leads to improved achievable sum rate of CUs while guarantees transmission of PU.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61203229)
文摘In this paper, operator based robust nonlinear control for single-input single-output(SISO) and multi-input multi-output(MIMO) nonlinear uncertain systems preceded by generalized Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI) hysteresis is considered respectively. In detail, by using operator based robust right coprime factorization approach, the control system design structures including feedforward and feedback controllers for both SISO and MIMO nonlinear uncertain systems are given, respectively.In which, the controller design includes the information of PI hysteresis and its inverse, and some sufficient conditions for the controllers in both SISO and MIMO systems should be satisfied are also derived respectively. Based on the proposed conditions, influence from hysteresis is rejected, the systems are robustly stable and output tracking performance can be realized.Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by numerical simulations.
文摘Multipath and continuous wave (CW) interference may cause severe performance degradation of global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. This paper analyzes the code tracking performance of early-minus-late power (EMLP) discriminator of GNSS receivers in the presence of multipath and CW interference. An analytical expression of the code tracking error is suggested for EMLP discriminator, and it can be used to assess the effect of multipath and CW interference. The derived expression shows that the combined effects include three components: multipath component;CW interference component and the combined component of multipath and CW interference. The effect of these components depends on some factors which can be classified into two categories: the receiving environment and the receiver parameters. Numerical results show how these factors affect the tracking performances. It is shown that the proper receiver parameters can suppress the combined effects of multipath and CW interference.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.10872068,10672057)
文摘This paper proposes a model of neural networks consisting of populations of perceptive neurons, inter-neurons, and motor neurons according to the theory of stochastic phase resetting dynamics. According to this model, the dynamical characteristics of neural networks are studied in three coupling cases, namely, series and parallel coupling, series coupling, and unilateral coupling. The results show that the indentified structure of neural networks enables the basic characteristics of neural information processing to be described in terms of the actions of both the optional motor and the reflected motor. The excitation of local neural networks is caused by the action of the optional motor. In particular, the excitation of the neural population caused by the action of the optional motor in the motor cortex is larger than that caused by the action of the reflected motor. This phenomenon indicates that there are more neurons participating in the neural information processing and the excited synchronization motion under the action of the optional motor.
文摘A simple and rapid process for synthesizing lead zirconate titanate,Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT),ferroclectric powders was developed.This process,combining the sol-gel and combustion process.offers several advantages over conventional methods.including rapid solution synthesis,use of commercially available materials lower synthesis temperature and ease of obtaining ultrafine powders.The precursor solution for synthesizing powders was prepared from lead nitrate.zireonium nitrate.titanium oxynitrate,citric acid and deionized water.The precarsor was investigated by DSC-TG,and the PZT powders were investigated by powder-XRD,IR spectra and TEM.XRD analysis shous that the powders possess a single phase perovskite type structure,no pyrochlore phase exists.and TEM image shows that the grain size of the powders is about 40nm.
基金Project(60202005) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Orthogonal variable spreading factor channelization codes are widely used to provide variable data rates for supporting different bandwidth requirements in wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) systems. A new code match scheme for WCDMA code tree management was proposed. The code match scheme is similar to the existing crowed-first scheme. When choosing a code for a user, the code match scheme only compares the one up layer of the allocated codes, unlike the crowed-first scheme which perhaps compares all up layers. So the operation of code match scheme is simple, and the average time delay is decreased by 5.1%. The simulation results also show that the code match strategy can decrease the average code blocking probability by 8.4%.
基金National Key Research and Development Program (Nos. NKRDP 2016YFE0118400)the Key project of Science and Technology of Henan Province (No. 172102410062)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61176008)National Natural Science Foundation of China Henan Provincial Joint Fund Key Project (No. U1604263)
文摘In this paper,an ultraviolet C-band laser diode lasing at 277 nm composed of B0.313Ga0.687N/B0.40Ga0.60N QW/QB heterostructure on Mg and Si-doped AlxGa1-xN layers was designed,as well as a lowest reported substitutional accepter and donor concentration up to NA=5.0×10^17 cm^-3 and ND=9.0×10^16 cm^-3 for deep ultraviolet lasing was achieved.The structure was assumed to be grown over bulk AIN substrate and operate under a continuous wave at room temperature.Although there is an emphasizing of the suitability for using boron nitride wide band gap in the deep ultraviolet region,there is still a shortage of investigation about the ternary BGaN in aluminum-rich AIGaN alloys.Based on the simulation,an average local gain in quantum wells of 1946 cm^-1,the maximum emitted power of 2.4 W,the threshold current of 500 mA,a slope efficiency of 1.91 W/A as well as an average DC resistance for the V-I curve of(0.336Ω)had been observed.Along with an investigation regarding different EBL,designs were included with tapered and inverse tapered structure.Therefore,it had been found a good agreement with the published results for tapered EBL design,with an overweighting for a proposed inverse tapered EBL design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11371027) the Projects of Outstanding Young Talents of Universities in Anhui Province(gxyq2018116)+2 种基金 the Teaching Groups in Anhui Province(2016jxtd080,2015jxtd048) the NSF of Educational Bureau of Anhui Province(KJ2017A702,KJ2017A704) the NSF of Bozhou University(BZSZKYXM201302,BSKY201539)
文摘In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solutions for some infinite delay integral equations are discussed. By using Krasnoselskii fixed point theorem,some new results are obtained.
基金The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(1-ZVHA and 1-ZVGB)HK GRC GRF(15211317).
文摘Few-mode and multi-core fibers are proposed and demonstrated for contactless vital signs monitoring in this paper.In-line optical fiber interferometers using few-mode and multi-core fibers are designed and offset splicing is utilized for mode excitation.Extinction ratio and insertion loss are analyzed experimentally under different offset distances.The fabricated in-line interferometers are packaged under the mattress to realize contactless vital signs signals collection.By using filtering techniques,both respiration and heartbeat signals can be recovered successfully,and respiration as well as heartbeat ratio are obtained.Mode excitation and interference are theoretically analyzed in few-mode fiber while curvature sensing experiments using multi-core fiber interferometer are performed to verify its excellent performance on vital signs monitoring.The successful demonstration on contactless vital signs monitoring makes few-mode and multi-core fibers promising candidates for healthcare applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62004129,51472189,22005202)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20200109105003940)+2 种基金the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong(GRF grant 15221320,CRF C5037-18G,C7018-20G)the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Funds(Sir Sze-yuen Chung Endowed Professorship Fund(8-8480)RISE(Q-CDA5)。
文摘Ionic liquids(ILs)have been widely applied in the one-step fabrication of perovskite with noticeable enhancement in the device performance.However,in-depth mechanism of ionic-liquid-assisted perovskite film formation is not well understood for also important two-step perovskite fabrication method,with better control of crystallization behavior.In this work,we introduced ionic liquid methylammonium formate(MAFa)into organic salt to produce perovskite film via a two-step method.Systematic investigations on the influence of MAFa on the perovskite thin film formation mechanism were performed.Ionic liquid is shown to assist lowering the perovskite formation enthalpy upon the density functional theory(DFT)calculation,leading to an accelerated crystallization process evidenced by in-situ UV-Vis absorption measurement.A gradient up-down distribution of ionic liquid has been confirmed by timeof-flight SIMS.Importantly,besides the surface passivation,we found the HCOO-can diffuse into the perovskite crystals to fill up the halide vacancies,resulting in significant reduction of trap states.Uniform perovskite films with significantly larger grains and less defect density were prepared with the help of MAFa IL,and the corresponding device efficiency over 23%was obtained by two-step process with remarkably improved stability.This research work provides an efficient strategy to tune the morphology and opto-electronic properties of perovskite materials via ionic-liquid-assisted two-step fabrication method,which is beneficial for upscaling and application of perovskite photovoltaics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(6140130861572063)+7 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(F2016201142F2016201187)the Natural Social Foundation of Hebei Province(HB15TQ015)the Science Research Project of Hebei Province(QN2016085ZC2016040)the Science and Technology Support Project of Hebei Province(15210409)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei University(2014-303)the National Comprehensive Ability Promotion Project of Western and Central China
文摘As synthetic aperture radar(SAR) has been widely used nearly in every field, SAR image de-noising became a very important research field. A new SAR image de-noising method based on texture strength and weighted nuclear norm minimization(WNNM) is proposed. To implement blind de-noising, the accurate estimation of noise variance is very important. So far, it is still a challenge to estimate SAR image noise level accurately because of the rich texture. Principal component analysis(PCA) and the low rank patches selected by image texture strength are used to estimate the noise level. With the help of noise level, WNNM can be expected to SAR image de-noising. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many excellent de-noising algorithms such as Bayes least squares-Gaussian scale mixtures(BLS-GSM) method, non-local means(NLM) filtering in terms of both quantitative measure and visual perception quality.
基金Project(61232001) supported by National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Construct Program of the Key Discipline in Hunan Province,China
文摘Researchers face many class prediction challenges stemming from a small size of training data vis-a-vis a large number of unlabeled samples to be predicted. Transductive learning is proposed to utilize information about unlabeled data to estimate labels of the unlabeled data for this condition. This work presents a new transductive learning method called two-way Markov random walk(TMRW) algorithm. The algorithm uses information about labeled and unlabeled data to predict the labels of the unlabeled data by taking random walks between the labeled and unlabeled data where data points are viewed as nodes of a graph. The labeled points correlate to unlabeled points and vice versa according to a transition probability matrix. We can get the predicted labels of unlabeled samples by combining the results of the two-way walks. Finally, ensemble learning is combined with transductive learning, and Adboost.MH is taken as the study framework to improve the performance of TMRW, which is the basic learner. Experiments show that this algorithm can predict labels of unlabeled data well.
基金Project supported by Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Plan Project,China(Grant Nos.JCYJ20160427183803458 and JCYJ20150403161923546)
文摘A comprehensive study on the requirements for the highly efficient third harmonic generation(THG) and its inverse process, one-third harmonic generation(OTHG), in lossy waveguides is proposed. The field intensity restrictions for both THG and OTHG caused by loss are demonstrated. The effective relative phase ranges, supporting the positive growth of signal fields of THG and OTHG are shrunken by the loss. Furthermore, it turns out that the effective relative phase ranges depend on the intensities of the interacting fields. At last, a modified definition of coherent length in loss situation, which evaluates the phase matching degree more precisely, is proposed by incorporating the shrunken relative phase range and the nonlinear phase mismatch. These theoretical analysis are valuable for guiding the experimental designs for highly efficient THG and OTHG.
文摘The upper vertical stability (VS) feeder is a part connected to the upper VS coil by a welding joint. The function of the feeder is to transfer current and coolant water to the VS coil. A giant electron^agnetic force will be generated during normal operation by the current flowing in the VS coils, interacting with the external background field. The Lorentz force will induce Tresca stress in the feeder. The amplitudes of the magnetic field and Lorentz force along the conductor running direction have been calculated based on Maxwell's equations. To extract the Tresca stress in the feeder, a finite element model was created using the software ANSYS and an electromagnetic load was applied on the model. According to the analytical design, the stresses were classified and evaluated based on ASME. In order to reduce the Tresca stress, some optimization works have been done and the Tresca stress has had a significant reduction in the optimized model. This analytical work figured out the stress distribution in the feeder and checked the feasibility of the prototype design model. The ANSYS analysis results will provide a guidance for later improvement and fabrication.