Games of Chance and Money of the Togolese National Lottery in Lomé

Introduction: The addiction to games of chance and money is frequently encountered among some players. The general objective of this study was to describe the level of the gambling addiction among the players of the Togolese National Lottery (LONATO) in the city of Lomé. Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study through non-random sampling by convenience surveys, conducted on October 09, 2019 in 20 LONATO plying sites which affected 611 players. The screening was done using the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire. Results: Of the 611 players surveyed, 55% were aged 18 to 35 years with an average age of 36 years and the extremes ranging from 14 to 78 years. The male gender was in the majority (84.26%). The prevalence of pathological gambling was 62.52%. Among the pathological gamblers, 16.89% had a family history of pathological gambling, 19.00% had a mood disorder, 28.50% had excessive alcoholism, and 17.15% consumed another psychoactive substance. Cannabis was the most consumed substance (6.87%) followed by tobacco (6.07%) and soporific (6.07%). More than half of players (62.03%) thought that pathological gambling is not a disease. Conclusion: The pathological gambling is a global phenomenon and a reality in Togo. Raising everyone’s awareness will reduce its negative impact on the players.

Attitude and practice toward physical restraint among psychiatric nurses in Guangdong,China:a cross-sectional survey

Objective:To explore the correlation between nurses’attitude and practice toward physical restraint(PR)in psychiatric settings and identify the factors that influence the use of PR.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted.A self-designed questionnaire containing a PR scale was used to assess the attitude and practice of registered psychiatric nurses in Guangdong,China,from November 1,2018 to December 31,2018.Descriptive statistics,the Mann–Whitney U test,the Kruskal–Wallis test,and ordinal regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results:The response rate was 74.6%.The nurses’responses showed neutral attitude and a moderate level of practice regarding the use of PR.Factors such as age,gender,marital status,professional position,nightshift,and the frequency of training programs on PR showed a significant association with nurses’attitude and practice concerning PR(P<0.05).In addition to these factors,this study found that the practice of PR was associated with nurses’attitude toward it(P<0.05).Our results showed that nurses with a largely negative attitude toward PR were more likely to use it(OR=1.91,P<0.001).Conclusions:Clinically,psychiatric nurses with negative attitude are more likely to practice PR.Training and education programs are highly recommended for nursing managers to change the nursing staff’s attitude,since their attitude may have an impact on the PR what they practice.