BACKGROUND:We investigated whether the use of a specially designed visual estimation tool may improve accuracy in quantifying blood volumes related to surface spreading.METHODS:A prospective,paired-control,single-blin...BACKGROUND:We investigated whether the use of a specially designed visual estimation tool may improve accuracy in quantifying blood volumes related to surface spreading.METHODS:A prospective,paired-control,single-blinded experimental study was performed at a medical university.Anesthesiologists and emergency medical personnel estimated various blood volumes on surfaces with varying absorptivity(carpet,towel,polyvinyl chloride,wooden fl ooring)in an experimental setting.We assessed the sensitivity of training blood volume quantifi cation using a self-designed visual estimation tool by comparing the accuracy of visual blood volume estimations before and after practical training with the tool.RESULTS:A total of 352 estimations by 44 participants were evaluated.Accurate estimations improved significantly from pre-training to post-training(P<0.05).The sensitivity of blood volume quantifi cation was 33.0%after training with the visual estimation tool.Estimations did not depend on age,profession,gender or years of the estimator’s professional experience.CONCLUSIONS:Training with a visual estimation tool by professional rescuers can improve the estimation accuracy of blood volumes spread on surfaces with varying absorptivity.展开更多
背景加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林的抗痛觉异常(antiallodynic)和抗痛觉过敏特性对于治疗神经病理性疼痛很有效,这些特性可能对于治疗急性手术后疼痛也是有益的。在本研究中,我们评价了一些随机对照实验以探讨加巴喷丁类药物对手术后疼痛的...背景加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林的抗痛觉异常(antiallodynic)和抗痛觉过敏特性对于治疗神经病理性疼痛很有效,这些特性可能对于治疗急性手术后疼痛也是有益的。在本研究中,我们评价了一些随机对照实验以探讨加巴喷丁类药物对手术后疼痛的治疗效果、不良反应及其临床价值。方法对Medline、PubMed和CENTRAL(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)数据库进行系统性检索,得出22项关于围手术期给予加巴喷丁类药物对减轻手术后疼痛影响的随机对照试验。结果与对照组相比,加巴喷丁组减轻疼痛效果更佳。手术前1~2小时给予单次剂量300~1200mg加巴喷丁,在手术后第1个24小时内可以减少阿片类药物用量20%~62%。给予单次剂量加巴喷丁后,在手术后在第1个24小时内减少阿片类药物的用量相当于30±4mg吗啡(均值±95%可信区间)。回归分析表明应用加巴喷丁后,手术后第1个24小时减少的阿片类药物用量和加巴喷丁的剂量无显著相关性。加巴喷丁可减少阿片类药物相关的不良反应,如恶心、呕吐和尿潴留(需要治疗的病例数分别为25、6和7)。加巴喷丁类药物最常见的不良反应是镇静和眩晕(致伤害病例数分别为35和12例)。结论加巴喷丁类药物可以有效减轻手术后疼痛,减少阿片类药物的用量并降低相关的不良反应。由于试验的异质性,所以尚不能得出关于其最适剂量和治疗时间的结论,仍需进一步研究以明确围手术期给予加巴喷丁类药物的长期益处。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND:We investigated whether the use of a specially designed visual estimation tool may improve accuracy in quantifying blood volumes related to surface spreading.METHODS:A prospective,paired-control,single-blinded experimental study was performed at a medical university.Anesthesiologists and emergency medical personnel estimated various blood volumes on surfaces with varying absorptivity(carpet,towel,polyvinyl chloride,wooden fl ooring)in an experimental setting.We assessed the sensitivity of training blood volume quantifi cation using a self-designed visual estimation tool by comparing the accuracy of visual blood volume estimations before and after practical training with the tool.RESULTS:A total of 352 estimations by 44 participants were evaluated.Accurate estimations improved significantly from pre-training to post-training(P<0.05).The sensitivity of blood volume quantifi cation was 33.0%after training with the visual estimation tool.Estimations did not depend on age,profession,gender or years of the estimator’s professional experience.CONCLUSIONS:Training with a visual estimation tool by professional rescuers can improve the estimation accuracy of blood volumes spread on surfaces with varying absorptivity.
文摘背景加巴喷丁和普瑞巴林的抗痛觉异常(antiallodynic)和抗痛觉过敏特性对于治疗神经病理性疼痛很有效,这些特性可能对于治疗急性手术后疼痛也是有益的。在本研究中,我们评价了一些随机对照实验以探讨加巴喷丁类药物对手术后疼痛的治疗效果、不良反应及其临床价值。方法对Medline、PubMed和CENTRAL(Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)数据库进行系统性检索,得出22项关于围手术期给予加巴喷丁类药物对减轻手术后疼痛影响的随机对照试验。结果与对照组相比,加巴喷丁组减轻疼痛效果更佳。手术前1~2小时给予单次剂量300~1200mg加巴喷丁,在手术后第1个24小时内可以减少阿片类药物用量20%~62%。给予单次剂量加巴喷丁后,在手术后在第1个24小时内减少阿片类药物的用量相当于30±4mg吗啡(均值±95%可信区间)。回归分析表明应用加巴喷丁后,手术后第1个24小时减少的阿片类药物用量和加巴喷丁的剂量无显著相关性。加巴喷丁可减少阿片类药物相关的不良反应,如恶心、呕吐和尿潴留(需要治疗的病例数分别为25、6和7)。加巴喷丁类药物最常见的不良反应是镇静和眩晕(致伤害病例数分别为35和12例)。结论加巴喷丁类药物可以有效减轻手术后疼痛,减少阿片类药物的用量并降低相关的不良反应。由于试验的异质性,所以尚不能得出关于其最适剂量和治疗时间的结论,仍需进一步研究以明确围手术期给予加巴喷丁类药物的长期益处。