The effects of amyloid-beta on hippocampal glutamatergic receptor and transporter expression

The leading form of dementia worldwide,Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder.The underlying causes of AD are not well understood,and no current treatments are preventing the onset or delay progression of the disease.Currently,most investigation is directed towards the amyloid-beta(Aβ)and tau pathologies,中文标题:The effects of amyloid-beta on hippocampal glutamatergic receptor and transporter expression中文关词:Glu;AMPAR;APP;The effects of amyloid-beta on hippocampal glutamatergic receptor and transporter expression;中文摘要:The leading form of dementia worldwide,Alzheimer's disease(AD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder.The underlying causes of AD are not well understood,and no current treatments are preventing the onset or delay progression of the disease.

Vascular dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease: a biomarker of disease progression and a potential therapeutic target

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant form of dementia.Since its initial description by Alois Alzheimer in 1906,several advances have been made in our understanding of the progression of the disease and its clinical consequences,yet the underlying etiology remains contentious.Given the stereotyped patterns of cortical and hippocampal neuronal loss and the progressive degeneration of key neurotransmitter pathways,research has traditionally been focused on factors affecting neuronal viability,including the contribution of glial dysfunction to neuronal degeneration.From a clinical perspective,the fruits of this work have been underwhelming.Key pathological markers of the disease,includingβ-amyloid(Aβ)plaque formation and tau hyperphosphorylation,have yielded no effective therapies,highlighted by the recent discontinuations of several high profile Aβimmunotherapy trials.The few current symptomatic therapies for AD are predicated on the amelioration of cholinergic or glutamatergic dysfunction.Aside from underscoring the inadequacy of current therapeutic approaches,this also points to the importance of alternative contributors to AD pathogenesis.In recent years,there has been a growing appreciation for the multimodal and multifactorial nature of the condition;the case for combinatorial therapies is thus strong.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptors in Alzheimer＇s disease： highly localized remodeling of a complex and diverse signaling pathway

Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the predominant form of dementia, is a chronic, incurable neurodegenerative disorder presenting with symptoms includ- ing progressive memory loss and disturbed emotional state. It has been estimated that dementia affects over 47 million people worldwide （Prince et al., 2015）, and with 60-80% of cases attributable to AD.

Wrapping up the role of pericytes in Parkinson's disease

Pericytes are classically defined as contra ctile cells within the central nervous system that regulate blood flow and permeability of the blood-brain barrier(BBB).This one-sided view is gradually changing,and pericytes are now considered versatile cells that can switch their function in response to different stimuli(Uemura et al.,2020).In addition to their role as gatekeepers of the BBB and maintaining homeostasis of the brain’s microenvironment through adj usting the vascular intraluminal dia meter,pericytes are both sensors and initiators of inflammation.

Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in Huntington’s disease

Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and cortex.Patients can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive decline.The causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in Huntington's disease

In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

Therapeutic potential of alpha 5 subunit containing GABA_(A) receptors in Alzheimer's disease

Alheimer's disease(AD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of dementia. It has been estimated that over 50 million people worldwide were affected by dementia in 2019, and the prevalence of dementia is expected to double approximately once every 20 years(Govindpani et al., 2017). Most people who die with AD require high levels of care for long periods of time.

iGluR expression in the hippocampal formation, entorhinal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease(AD)constitutes the largest proportion of dementia worldwide,with a significant associated medical burden.The major pathological hallmarks of AD include the gradual accumulation and deposition of amyloid-beta(Aβ)plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau protein(Revett et al.,2013).Whilst investigations centered around the tau and Aβhypothesis have been the main focus for the previous decades,the lack of therapeutic solutions has pushed for research into other potential therapeutic targets.

Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 alpha:a unique receptor variant with variable implications for Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading neurodegenerative disorder globally.Despite this,there is minimal effective therapeutics proven to reduce or prevent the progression of this disease.Glutamate is the main excitatory neurotransmitter within the central nervous system and plays a crucial role in neuronal and synaptic functions.

Is EAAT2 a potential therapeutic intervention target for Alzheimer's disease?

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the most common form of dementia worldwide,impairing memory and cognitive functions due to widespread neuronal death.The global incidence of this neurodegenerative disorder is predicted to increase rapidly in the near future.This growth in prevalence of AD will create a large burden for health systems worldwide.