ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Table 6.1 Abridged from pdg. ibl.gov/AtomicNuclearProperties by D. E. Groom （2007）. See web pages for more detail about entries in this table including chemical formulae, and for several hundred other entries. Quantities in parentheses are for gases at 20℃ and 1 atm, and square brackets indicate evaluation at 0℃ and 1 atm. Boiling points are at 1 atm.

HEAVY-QUARK AND SOFT-COLLINEAR EFFECTIVE THEORY

Updated September 2013 by C,W. Bauer （LBNL） and M. Neubert （U. Mainz）.17.1. Effective Field Theories Quantum field theories represent the most precise computational tool for describing physics at the highest energies. One of their characteristic features is that they almost inevitably involve multiple length scales. When trying to determine the value of an observable,

REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

The Review summarizes much of particle physics and cosmology. Using data from previous editions, plus 3,283 new measurements from 899 papers, we list, evaluate, and average measured properties of gauge bosons and the recently discovered Higgs boson, leptons, quarks, mesons, and baryons. We summarize searches for hypothetical particles such as heavy neutrinos, supersymmetric and technicolor particles, axions, dark photons, etc. All the particle properties and search limits are listed in Summary Tables. We also give numerous tables, figures, formulae, and reviews of topics such as Supersymmetry, Extra Dimensions, Particle Detectors, Probability, and Statistics. Among the 112 reviews are many that are new or heavily revised including those on： Dark Energy, Higgs Boson Physics, Electroweak Model, Neutrino Cross Section Measurements, Monte Carlo Neutrino Generators, Top Quark, Dark Matter, Dynamical Electroweak Symmetry Breaking, Accelerator Physics of Colliders, High-Energy Collider Parameters, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, Astrophysical Constants and Cosmological Parameters. A booklet is available containing the Summary Tables and abbreviated versions of some of the other sections of this full Review. All tables, listings, and reviews （and errata） are also available on the Particle Data Group website： http ：//pdg. lbl. gov.

SU(3) ISOSCALAR FACTORS AND REPRESENTATION MATRICES

Written by R.L. Kelly （LBNL）. The most commonly used SU（3） isoscalar factors, corresponding to the singlet, octet, and deeuplet content of 8 8 and 10 8, are shown at the right. The notation uses particle names to identify the coefficients, so that the pattern of relative couplings may be seen at a glance. We illustrate the use of the coefficients below.

ACCELERATOR PHYSICS OF COLLIDERS

Revised August 2013 by M.J. Syphers （MSU） and F. Zimmermann （CERN）.29.1. Luminosity This article provides background for the High-Energy Collider Parameter Tables that follow. The number of events, Nexp, is the product of the cross section of interest,

ELECTROWEAK MODEL AND CONSTRAINTS ON NEW PHYSICS

Revised November 2013 by J. Erler （U. Mexico） and A. Freit＆s （Pittsburgh U.）.10.1 Introduction 10.2 Renormalization and radiative corrections

CLEBSCH-GORDAN COEFFICIENTS,SPHERICAL HARMONICS,AND d FUNCTIONS

Note： A square-root sign is to be understood over every coefficient, e.g., for -8/15 read - √8√15.

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE 2014 EDITION OF THE REVIEW OF PARTICLE PHYSICS

899 new papers with 3283 new measurements Over 330 papers from LHC experiments （ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb）.

GAUGE AND HIGGS BOSONS

l（JPC） =0.1（1--）γ MASSResults prior to 2008 are critiqued in GOLDHABER 10. All experimental results published prior to 2005 are summarized in detail by TU 05.

STATUS OF HIGGS BOSON PHYSICS

Written November 2013 by M. Carena （Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory and the University of Chicago）, C. Grojean （ICREA at IFAE, Universitat Autbnoma de Barcelona）, M, Kado （Laboratoire de l＇Accelerateur Lineaire, LAL and CERN）, and V. Sharma （University of California San Diego）.

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 4.1.Reviced 2011 by D.E.Groom（LBNL）,and E.Bergren.

ASTROPHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND PARAMETERS

Table 2.1. Revised November 2013 by D.E. Groom （LBNL）. The figures in parentheses after some values give the 1-σ uncertainties in the last digit（s）. Physical constants are from Ref. 1. While every effort has been made to obtain the most accurate current values of the listed quantities, the table does not represent a critical review or adjustment of the constants, and is not intended as a primary reference.

EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF GRAVITATIONAL THEORY

Revised September 2013 by T. Damour （IHES, Bures-sur-Yvette, France）. Einstein＇s General Relativity, the current ＂standard＂ theory of gravitation, describes gravity as a universal deformation of the Minkowski metric：

SU(n) MULTIPLETS AND YOUNG DIAGRAMS

Written by C.G. Wohl （LBNL）. This note tells （1） how SU（n） particle multiplets are identified or labeled, （2） how to find the number of particles in a multiplet from its label, （3） how to draw the Young diagram for a multiplet, and （4） how to use Young diagrams to determine the overall multiplet structure of a composite system, such as a 3-quark or a meson-baryon system.

INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM OF UNITS(SI)

See ＂The International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 330, B.N. Taylor, ed. （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1991）; and ＂Guide for the Use of the International System of Units （SI）,＂ NIST Special Publication 811, 1995 edition, B.N. Taylor （USGPO, Washington, DC, 1995）.

NEUTRINO MASS,MIXING,AND OSCILLATIONS

Updated May 2014 by K. Nakamura （Kavli IPMU （WPI）, U. Tokyo, KEK）, and S.T. Petcov （SISSA/INFN Trieste, Kavli IPMU （WPI）, U. Tokyo, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences）.

RADIOACTIVITY AND RADIATION PROTECTION

Revised August 2013 by S. Roesler and M. Silari （CERN）.35.1. Definitions [1,2] It would be desirable if legal protection limits could be expressed in directly measurable physical quantities. However, this does not allow to quantify biological effects of the exposure of the human body to ionizing radiation.

PASSAGE OF PARTICLES THROUGH MATTER

Revised September 2013 by H. Bichsel （University of Washington）, D.E. Groom （LBNL）, and S.R. Klein （LBNL）.

GRAND UNIFIED THEORIES

Revised October 2011 by S. Raby （Ohio State University） 16.1. Grand Unification 16.1.1. Standard Model ： An Introduction：

ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF THE ELEMENTS

Table 5.1. Reviewed 2011 by J.E. Sansonetti （NIST）. The electronic configurations and the ionization energies are from the NIST database, ＂Ground Levels and Ionization Energies for the Neutral Atoms,＂ W.C. Martin, A. Musgrove, S. Kotochigova, and J.E. Sansonetti, http：//www.nist .gov/pml/data/ion_energy. cfm. The electron configuration for, say, iron indicates an argon electronic core （see argon） plus six 3d electrons and two 4s electrons.