The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the ...The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) within the Cuddapah Basin resulting in the recognition of distinct types of uranium mineralization, viz., strata bound type, fracture/shear-controlled type and tabular type. The Gulcheru Formation which is the lowermost unit of the Cuddapah Basin is dominantly arenitic in nature. During the exploration works, a number of uranium anomalies were identified with dimensions ranging from 1 m to 1.5 km. Gulcheru quartzite hosted uranium mineralization is intermittent and inconsistent in nature. The anomalous outcrops are distributed over a strike length of ca. 60 km between Gandi in the SE and Ambakapallein the NW. Presently, two different types of uranium mineralization are characterized on the basis of field observations, mapping and structural interpretation, petro-mineralogy and geochemistry. Although the host rock is same for both types, the mechanism of uranium enrichment is totally different. The Ambakapalle uranium mineralization is controlled by fault zone and associated hydrothermal activity. Whereas, the Tummalapalle uranium mineralization is litho-controlled in nature influenced by suitable four ‘P’ factors, i.e., provenance, porositypermeability, precipitation and preservation. The geochemical characterization of Gulcheru quartzite suggest a passive margin type of provenance setting. Petro-mineralogically the quartz arenite suggests enough textural as well as mineralogical maturity. Ambakapalle quartzite is slightly strained and deformed due to faulting. Analysis of selected samples recorded 0.01% to 0.048% U3O8 and <0.01% ThO2. Petrographic observation revealed that the anomalies were appeared due to secondary uranium minerals occurring as surficial encrustations, fracture filling and lesser irregular patches. Structural analysis suggests the mineralization along E-W trace slip fault is possibly consistent in sub-surface. Tummalapalle quartzite is relatively less deformed arenitic in nature with significant enrichment in MREE. The genetic models for the two types of mineralization is totally different.展开更多
Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the sig...Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the signature volcanic rock suite of the convergent margin. The N-S belt has gone below the unconformity plane of Cuddapah sediments. In the northern part geochemical and structural attributes of the Kadiri greenstone belt is studied along with microscopic observations of selected samples. Harker diagram plots of major elements generally indicate a liquid line of descent from a common source, such that BADR rocks are derived from a common parent magma of basaltic to andesitic composition. These calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are formed at convergent margins where more silicic rocks represent more highly fractionated melt. All the litho-units of this greenstone belt indicate crush and strain effects. The stretched pebbles in the deformed volcanic matrix with tectonite development along with associated greenschist facies metamorphism, alteration and hydration is remarkable. Flow foliation plane with N-S strike and very low angle （5~ to 10~） easterly dip and N-S axial planar schistosity formed due to later phase isoclinal folding can be clearly identified in the field. Basic intrusives are quite common in the surrounding area. All the observations including the field setting and geochemistry clearly demonstrate ocean-continent subduction as the tectonic environment of the study area.展开更多
In fast reactors, the inherent neutron source strength is often insufficient for monitoring the reactor start-up operation with ex-core detectors. To increase the subcritical neutron flux, an auxiliary neutron source ...In fast reactors, the inherent neutron source strength is often insufficient for monitoring the reactor start-up operation with ex-core detectors. To increase the subcritical neutron flux, an auxiliary neutron source subassembly(SSA) is generally used to overcome this problem. In this study, the estimated neutron source strength and detector count rate of an antimony-beryllium-based SSA are obtained using the deterministic transport code DORT and Monte Carlo calculations. Because the antimony activation rate is a critical parameter, its sensitivity to the capture cross section and neutron flux spectrum is studied. The reaction cross section sensitivity is studied by considering data from different evaluated nuclear data files.It is observed that, because of the variation in the cross sections from different evaluated nuclear data files, the values of the saturation gamma(> 1.67 MeV) activity and neutron strength predicted by ORIGEN2 lie within ±2%.The obtained antimony activation rate and sensitivity to the neutron flux are partially validated by irradiating samples of antimony in the KAMINI reactor. The average onegroup capture cross sections of bare and cadmium-covered 123Sb samples obtained by the ratio method are 4.0 and 1.78 b, respectively. The results of the calculation predicting the activated neutron source strength as a function of operating time and sensitivity to the neutron spectrum in the irradiation region are also presented.展开更多
Iron irrespective of its valency states forms bluish 1:1 cationic, bluish-violet 1:3 neutral and purple 1:3 anionic complexes with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, at pH 2 - 3, 4 - 5 and 8 - 10, respectively. The cationic bl...Iron irrespective of its valency states forms bluish 1:1 cationic, bluish-violet 1:3 neutral and purple 1:3 anionic complexes with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, at pH 2 - 3, 4 - 5 and 8 - 10, respectively. The cationic bluish complex is highly insensitive and not extractable in organic solvents. Similarly, the bluish violet 1:3 neutral complex is of moderate sensitivity, and it is extractable in organic solvents with reduced sensitivity. The purple 1:3 anionic complex is as such not extractable in any organic solvents. However, in the surfactant medium of the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide it is extractable in organic solvents with enhanced sensitivity. The 1:3 anionic complex which is extractable in organic solvents as an ion associate in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide is chosen for application to Silicate rocks, Minerals, Soils, Stream sediments, Concentrates, Tobacco leaves, Cigarettes and Waters, for accurate and sensitive determination of iron owing to facile extraction of iron, enhanced sensitivity high selectivity and better reproducibility of results. The present paper describes a systematic study on the development of an extraction spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron in samples of diverse matrices.展开更多
Realizing media independence in today’s communication system remains an open problem by and large.Information retrieval,mostly through the Internet,is becoming the most demanding feature in technological progress and...Realizing media independence in today’s communication system remains an open problem by and large.Information retrieval,mostly through the Internet,is becoming the most demanding feature in technological progress and this web-based data access should ideally be in user-selective form.While blind-folded access of data through the World Wide Web is quite streamlined,the counter-half of the facet,namely,seamless access of information database pertaining to a specific end-device,e.g.robotic systems,is still in a formative stage.This paradigm of access as well as systematic query-based retrieval of data,related to the physical enddevice is very crucial in designing the Internet-based network control of the same in real-time.Moreover,this control of the end-device is directly linked up to the characteristics of three coupled metrics,namely,‘multiple databases’,‘multiple servers’and‘multiple inputs’(to each server).This triad,viz.database-input-server(DIS)plays a significant role in overall performance of the system,the background details of which is still very sketchy in global research community.This work addresses the technical issues associated with this theology,with specific reference to formalism of a customized DIS considering real-time delay analysis.The present paper delineates the developmental paradigms of novel multi-input multioutput communication semantics for retrieving web-based information from physical devices,namely,two representative robotic sub-systems in a coherent and homogeneous mode.The developed protocol can be entrusted for use in real-time in a complete user-friendly manner.展开更多
Seaweed is an enormous resource comprised with natural bioactive compounds with several therapeutic effects including anticancer activity.In this context,the biochemical composition of seaweed plays a major role.Many ...Seaweed is an enormous resource comprised with natural bioactive compounds with several therapeutic effects including anticancer activity.In this context,the biochemical composition of seaweed plays a major role.Many biochemical compounds isolated from seaweed,fractions of seaweed and crude extracts has revealed ability of seaweed to fight against several cancer types.In this contrast seaweed extracts inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting metastasis activity.In this review,biochemical and anticancer properties of seaweeds are discussed and this will provide the basic information to develop a novel chemotherapeutic drug to challenge the cancers.展开更多
Cilia and flagella are organelles of motility that enable cells to swim or move liquid over its surface. An exhaustive literature survey for the presence of the organelle in organisms across phyla showed that most ani...Cilia and flagella are organelles of motility that enable cells to swim or move liquid over its surface. An exhaustive literature survey for the presence of the organelle in organisms across phyla showed that most animal cells harbor cilia in contrast to very few fungal cells. While this was not unexpected, it was the position and arrangement of this organelle in each cell that intrigued our attention. Natural selection might have favored motility over chemotaxis;and it would have done so to evolve a stable structure that could have undergone an optimization process requiring a precise geometry in the shape of cells and the structure that would help cells to move. The positioning of such a structure would play a pre-dominant role in optimal motility. It is now known that the flagellar position of a cell is a genetically distinct trait, occasionally used in phylogeny of bacteria, distributed in distinguishing patterns over cellular surface, but basically are of two types, either polar (one flagellum arising from one pole per cell) or peritrichous (lateral flagella distributed over the entire cell surface). Irrespective of the cellular habitat, flagella origin, ultrastructure and proteome, the present investigation surveyed 26 sub-types of flagellar arrangements from as many species as possible. A peculiar pattern ensued-Prokaryotes harbored predominantly polar and peritrichous types;eukaryotes showed a mere change of the peritrichous one. These numbers when used to create a Similarity tree depicted a similarity distance of 14 between the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria forming the first neighborhood;Protozoans, Algae, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia formed a second neighborhood. We offer a working hypothesis for this pattern and the gradual shift in the flagellar arrangement from polar, peritrichous, sub-apical, and apical to lateral throughout evolution.展开更多
文摘The Cuddapah Basin in southern India has a potential for uranium mineralization due to some favorable factors such as its temporal, stratigraphic and tectonic settings. Systematic exploration program conducted by the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) within the Cuddapah Basin resulting in the recognition of distinct types of uranium mineralization, viz., strata bound type, fracture/shear-controlled type and tabular type. The Gulcheru Formation which is the lowermost unit of the Cuddapah Basin is dominantly arenitic in nature. During the exploration works, a number of uranium anomalies were identified with dimensions ranging from 1 m to 1.5 km. Gulcheru quartzite hosted uranium mineralization is intermittent and inconsistent in nature. The anomalous outcrops are distributed over a strike length of ca. 60 km between Gandi in the SE and Ambakapallein the NW. Presently, two different types of uranium mineralization are characterized on the basis of field observations, mapping and structural interpretation, petro-mineralogy and geochemistry. Although the host rock is same for both types, the mechanism of uranium enrichment is totally different. The Ambakapalle uranium mineralization is controlled by fault zone and associated hydrothermal activity. Whereas, the Tummalapalle uranium mineralization is litho-controlled in nature influenced by suitable four ‘P’ factors, i.e., provenance, porositypermeability, precipitation and preservation. The geochemical characterization of Gulcheru quartzite suggest a passive margin type of provenance setting. Petro-mineralogically the quartz arenite suggests enough textural as well as mineralogical maturity. Ambakapalle quartzite is slightly strained and deformed due to faulting. Analysis of selected samples recorded 0.01% to 0.048% U3O8 and <0.01% ThO2. Petrographic observation revealed that the anomalies were appeared due to secondary uranium minerals occurring as surficial encrustations, fracture filling and lesser irregular patches. Structural analysis suggests the mineralization along E-W trace slip fault is possibly consistent in sub-surface. Tummalapalle quartzite is relatively less deformed arenitic in nature with significant enrichment in MREE. The genetic models for the two types of mineralization is totally different.
文摘Plate tectonic activity has played a critical role in the development of petrotectonic associations in the Kadiri schist belt. The calc alkaline association of basalt, andesite, dacite and rhyolite （BADR） is the signature volcanic rock suite of the convergent margin. The N-S belt has gone below the unconformity plane of Cuddapah sediments. In the northern part geochemical and structural attributes of the Kadiri greenstone belt is studied along with microscopic observations of selected samples. Harker diagram plots of major elements generally indicate a liquid line of descent from a common source, such that BADR rocks are derived from a common parent magma of basaltic to andesitic composition. These calc-alkaline volcanic rocks are formed at convergent margins where more silicic rocks represent more highly fractionated melt. All the litho-units of this greenstone belt indicate crush and strain effects. The stretched pebbles in the deformed volcanic matrix with tectonite development along with associated greenschist facies metamorphism, alteration and hydration is remarkable. Flow foliation plane with N-S strike and very low angle （5~ to 10~） easterly dip and N-S axial planar schistosity formed due to later phase isoclinal folding can be clearly identified in the field. Basic intrusives are quite common in the surrounding area. All the observations including the field setting and geochemistry clearly demonstrate ocean-continent subduction as the tectonic environment of the study area.
文摘In fast reactors, the inherent neutron source strength is often insufficient for monitoring the reactor start-up operation with ex-core detectors. To increase the subcritical neutron flux, an auxiliary neutron source subassembly(SSA) is generally used to overcome this problem. In this study, the estimated neutron source strength and detector count rate of an antimony-beryllium-based SSA are obtained using the deterministic transport code DORT and Monte Carlo calculations. Because the antimony activation rate is a critical parameter, its sensitivity to the capture cross section and neutron flux spectrum is studied. The reaction cross section sensitivity is studied by considering data from different evaluated nuclear data files.It is observed that, because of the variation in the cross sections from different evaluated nuclear data files, the values of the saturation gamma(> 1.67 MeV) activity and neutron strength predicted by ORIGEN2 lie within ±2%.The obtained antimony activation rate and sensitivity to the neutron flux are partially validated by irradiating samples of antimony in the KAMINI reactor. The average onegroup capture cross sections of bare and cadmium-covered 123Sb samples obtained by the ratio method are 4.0 and 1.78 b, respectively. The results of the calculation predicting the activated neutron source strength as a function of operating time and sensitivity to the neutron spectrum in the irradiation region are also presented.
文摘Iron irrespective of its valency states forms bluish 1:1 cationic, bluish-violet 1:3 neutral and purple 1:3 anionic complexes with 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, at pH 2 - 3, 4 - 5 and 8 - 10, respectively. The cationic bluish complex is highly insensitive and not extractable in organic solvents. Similarly, the bluish violet 1:3 neutral complex is of moderate sensitivity, and it is extractable in organic solvents with reduced sensitivity. The purple 1:3 anionic complex is as such not extractable in any organic solvents. However, in the surfactant medium of the cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide it is extractable in organic solvents with enhanced sensitivity. The 1:3 anionic complex which is extractable in organic solvents as an ion associate in the presence of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide is chosen for application to Silicate rocks, Minerals, Soils, Stream sediments, Concentrates, Tobacco leaves, Cigarettes and Waters, for accurate and sensitive determination of iron owing to facile extraction of iron, enhanced sensitivity high selectivity and better reproducibility of results. The present paper describes a systematic study on the development of an extraction spectrophotometric method for the determination of iron in samples of diverse matrices.
文摘Realizing media independence in today’s communication system remains an open problem by and large.Information retrieval,mostly through the Internet,is becoming the most demanding feature in technological progress and this web-based data access should ideally be in user-selective form.While blind-folded access of data through the World Wide Web is quite streamlined,the counter-half of the facet,namely,seamless access of information database pertaining to a specific end-device,e.g.robotic systems,is still in a formative stage.This paradigm of access as well as systematic query-based retrieval of data,related to the physical enddevice is very crucial in designing the Internet-based network control of the same in real-time.Moreover,this control of the end-device is directly linked up to the characteristics of three coupled metrics,namely,‘multiple databases’,‘multiple servers’and‘multiple inputs’(to each server).This triad,viz.database-input-server(DIS)plays a significant role in overall performance of the system,the background details of which is still very sketchy in global research community.This work addresses the technical issues associated with this theology,with specific reference to formalism of a customized DIS considering real-time delay analysis.The present paper delineates the developmental paradigms of novel multi-input multioutput communication semantics for retrieving web-based information from physical devices,namely,two representative robotic sub-systems in a coherent and homogeneous mode.The developed protocol can be entrusted for use in real-time in a complete user-friendly manner.
文摘Seaweed is an enormous resource comprised with natural bioactive compounds with several therapeutic effects including anticancer activity.In this context,the biochemical composition of seaweed plays a major role.Many biochemical compounds isolated from seaweed,fractions of seaweed and crude extracts has revealed ability of seaweed to fight against several cancer types.In this contrast seaweed extracts inhibit cancer cell growth and proliferation by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting metastasis activity.In this review,biochemical and anticancer properties of seaweeds are discussed and this will provide the basic information to develop a novel chemotherapeutic drug to challenge the cancers.
文摘Cilia and flagella are organelles of motility that enable cells to swim or move liquid over its surface. An exhaustive literature survey for the presence of the organelle in organisms across phyla showed that most animal cells harbor cilia in contrast to very few fungal cells. While this was not unexpected, it was the position and arrangement of this organelle in each cell that intrigued our attention. Natural selection might have favored motility over chemotaxis;and it would have done so to evolve a stable structure that could have undergone an optimization process requiring a precise geometry in the shape of cells and the structure that would help cells to move. The positioning of such a structure would play a pre-dominant role in optimal motility. It is now known that the flagellar position of a cell is a genetically distinct trait, occasionally used in phylogeny of bacteria, distributed in distinguishing patterns over cellular surface, but basically are of two types, either polar (one flagellum arising from one pole per cell) or peritrichous (lateral flagella distributed over the entire cell surface). Irrespective of the cellular habitat, flagella origin, ultrastructure and proteome, the present investigation surveyed 26 sub-types of flagellar arrangements from as many species as possible. A peculiar pattern ensued-Prokaryotes harbored predominantly polar and peritrichous types;eukaryotes showed a mere change of the peritrichous one. These numbers when used to create a Similarity tree depicted a similarity distance of 14 between the Eubacteria and Archaebacteria forming the first neighborhood;Protozoans, Algae, Fungi, Plantae and Animalia formed a second neighborhood. We offer a working hypothesis for this pattern and the gradual shift in the flagellar arrangement from polar, peritrichous, sub-apical, and apical to lateral throughout evolution.
