Salvadora oleoides Decne. is a pharmaceutically important plant. Owing to poor seed formation, viability and, germination, and to anthropogenic disturbances, this species is on the verge of extinction. A reproducible ...Salvadora oleoides Decne. is a pharmaceutically important plant. Owing to poor seed formation, viability and, germination, and to anthropogenic disturbances, this species is on the verge of extinction. A reproducible micropropagation protocol to increase the population through tissue culture has been standardized and the results are reported here. Callus tissues were initiated from young leaves and stem explants. Leaf calluses proliferated with 1.5 mg/L BAP and 0.9 mg/L 2, 4-D with additives and continuous slow proliferation up to 15 weeks on 0.5 mg/L BAP and additives with 200 mg/L activated charcoal.Direct shoot initiation took place from stem node explants after 12 days; 4–5 shoots per node were produced in 30 days. Shoot clumps elongated and grew further on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP, 0.2 mg/L NAA and additives, which generated 20–23 shoots. The elongated shoots induced tap roots with 4 mg/L NAA and200 mg/L activated charcoal in 12 days. In vitro raised plants produced secondary roots when transferred to pots containing vermiculite maintained at 28–35 ℃. The plantlets successfully acclimatised in pots containing soil in natural conditions.展开更多
Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor(AR)signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer.The use of second-generation antiandrogens,such as abiratero...Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor(AR)signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer.The use of second-generation antiandrogens,such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide,has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients;however,a majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).The mechanisms of resistance to antiandrogen treatments are complex,including specific mutations,alternative splicing,and amplification of oncogenic proteins resulting in dysregulation of various signaling pathways.In this review,we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired resistance to second generation antiandrogens,including AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance mechanisms as well as other resistance mechanisms leading to CRPC emergence.Evolving knowledge of resistance mechanisms to AR targeted treatments will lead to additional research on designing more effective therapies for advanced-stage prostate cancer.展开更多
Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon that frequently develops as a failure to chemotherapy during cancer treatment.Malignant cells increasingly generate resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs through distinct...Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon that frequently develops as a failure to chemotherapy during cancer treatment.Malignant cells increasingly generate resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs through distinct mechanisms and pathways.Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance remains an important area of research for identification of precise targets and drug discovery to improve therapeutic outcomes.This review highlights the role of some recent emerging targets and pathways which play critical role in driving drug resistance.展开更多
基金financially supported from Central University of Punjab,Bathinda,India
文摘Salvadora oleoides Decne. is a pharmaceutically important plant. Owing to poor seed formation, viability and, germination, and to anthropogenic disturbances, this species is on the verge of extinction. A reproducible micropropagation protocol to increase the population through tissue culture has been standardized and the results are reported here. Callus tissues were initiated from young leaves and stem explants. Leaf calluses proliferated with 1.5 mg/L BAP and 0.9 mg/L 2, 4-D with additives and continuous slow proliferation up to 15 weeks on 0.5 mg/L BAP and additives with 200 mg/L activated charcoal.Direct shoot initiation took place from stem node explants after 12 days; 4–5 shoots per node were produced in 30 days. Shoot clumps elongated and grew further on MS media supplemented with 2 mg/L BAP, 0.2 mg/L NAA and additives, which generated 20–23 shoots. The elongated shoots induced tap roots with 4 mg/L NAA and200 mg/L activated charcoal in 12 days. In vitro raised plants produced secondary roots when transferred to pots containing vermiculite maintained at 28–35 ℃. The plantlets successfully acclimatised in pots containing soil in natural conditions.
基金Efforts are supported by the Department of Defense Grant(W81XWH-18-1-0618 and W81XWH-19-1-0720)to Gupta S.Kushwaha PP acknowledges financial support from University Grants Commission,India in the form of CSIR-UGC Senior Research fellowshipKumar S acknowledges University Grants Commission,India+2 种基金Department of Science and Technology,India for providing financial support in the form of UGC-BSR Research Start-Up-Grant[F.30-372/2017(BSR)]DST-SERB Grant(EEQ/2016/000350)respectively.Kumar S acknowledges Central University of Punjab,Bathinda,India for providing Research Seed Money Grant(GP-25)Singh AK,Prajapati KS,and Shuaib M acknowledge CSIR-India,DBT-India and DST-India funding agencies respectively for providing financial assistance in the form of Junior Research Fellowship.
文摘Androgen deprivation therapy targeting the androgens/androgen receptor(AR)signaling continues to be the mainstay treatment of advanced-stage prostate cancer.The use of second-generation antiandrogens,such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide,has improved the survival of prostate cancer patients;however,a majority of these patients progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer(CRPC).The mechanisms of resistance to antiandrogen treatments are complex,including specific mutations,alternative splicing,and amplification of oncogenic proteins resulting in dysregulation of various signaling pathways.In this review,we focus on the major mechanisms of acquired resistance to second generation antiandrogens,including AR-dependent and AR-independent resistance mechanisms as well as other resistance mechanisms leading to CRPC emergence.Evolving knowledge of resistance mechanisms to AR targeted treatments will lead to additional research on designing more effective therapies for advanced-stage prostate cancer.
基金Efforts are supported by the Department of Defense Grants(W81XWH-18-1-0618,W81XWH-15-1-0558)VA Merit Review(1I01BX002494)to Gupta S.Kushwaha PP acknowledges financial support from University Grants Commission,India in the form of CSIR-UGC Senior Research fellowshipKumar S acknowledges Department of Science and Technology,India,and University Grants Commission,India for providing financial support in the form of DST-SERB Grant[EEQ/2016/000350]and UGC-BSR Research Start-Up-Grant[No.F.30-372/2017(BSR)]respectively.
文摘Drug resistance is a complex phenomenon that frequently develops as a failure to chemotherapy during cancer treatment.Malignant cells increasingly generate resistance to various chemotherapeutic drugs through distinct mechanisms and pathways.Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in drug resistance remains an important area of research for identification of precise targets and drug discovery to improve therapeutic outcomes.This review highlights the role of some recent emerging targets and pathways which play critical role in driving drug resistance.
