The oceans are taking up over one million tons of fossil CO_(2) per hour,resulting in increased/ρCO_(2) and declining pH,leading to ocean acidification(OA).At the same time,accumulation of CO_(2) and other greenhouse...The oceans are taking up over one million tons of fossil CO_(2) per hour,resulting in increased/ρCO_(2) and declining pH,leading to ocean acidification(OA).At the same time,accumulation of CO_(2) and other greenhouse gases is causing ocean warming,which enhances stratification with thinned upper mixed layers,exposing planktonic organisms to increasing levels of daytime integrated UV radiation.Ocean warming also reduces dissolved oxygen in seawater,resulting in ocean deoxygenation.All these ocean global changes are impacting marine ecosystems and effects are well documented for each individual driver(pH,oxygen,temperature,UV).However,combined effects are still poorly understood,strongly limiting our ability to project impacts at regional or local levels.Different regions are often exposed(and often adapted)to contrastingly different physical and chemical environmental conditions and organisms,and ecosystems from different parts of the world will be exposed to unique combinations of stressors in the future.Understanding the modulating role of adaptation,species niche and stressors’interaction is key.This review,being a non-exhaustively explored one.aims to provide an overview on understandings of ecophysiological effects of OA and its combination with covarying drivers,mainly warming,deoxygenation and solar UV radiation.We propose a testable hypothetical model as well as future research perspectives.展开更多
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos 41720104005,41721005,31872587)the Joint Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong Province(No.U1606404)+1 种基金the Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(18PJ1404000)Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation(17ZR1412900).
文摘The oceans are taking up over one million tons of fossil CO_(2) per hour,resulting in increased/ρCO_(2) and declining pH,leading to ocean acidification(OA).At the same time,accumulation of CO_(2) and other greenhouse gases is causing ocean warming,which enhances stratification with thinned upper mixed layers,exposing planktonic organisms to increasing levels of daytime integrated UV radiation.Ocean warming also reduces dissolved oxygen in seawater,resulting in ocean deoxygenation.All these ocean global changes are impacting marine ecosystems and effects are well documented for each individual driver(pH,oxygen,temperature,UV).However,combined effects are still poorly understood,strongly limiting our ability to project impacts at regional or local levels.Different regions are often exposed(and often adapted)to contrastingly different physical and chemical environmental conditions and organisms,and ecosystems from different parts of the world will be exposed to unique combinations of stressors in the future.Understanding the modulating role of adaptation,species niche and stressors’interaction is key.This review,being a non-exhaustively explored one.aims to provide an overview on understandings of ecophysiological effects of OA and its combination with covarying drivers,mainly warming,deoxygenation and solar UV radiation.We propose a testable hypothetical model as well as future research perspectives.
