Symptoms of Tar Spot Complex (TSC) in corn appear in the form of black spots surrounded by a chlorotic halo known as fish-eye. The crop with these symptoms was found at San Pablo Autopan, Estado de Mexico. The stromal...Symptoms of Tar Spot Complex (TSC) in corn appear in the form of black spots surrounded by a chlorotic halo known as fish-eye. The crop with these symptoms was found at San Pablo Autopan, Estado de Mexico. The stromal region of foliar lesions was cut longitudinally, showing perithecia, asci and ascospores typical of Phyllachora maydis. The results were confirmed by PCR-ITS with ITS 1 and ITS4 initiators, cloned by pJET, before being sequenced and compared against NCBI’s data base. Phyllachora identity was confirmed. This is the first report where TSC pathogen has been detected under conditions that had not been previously reported, for instance, at 2600 meters above the sea level.展开更多
Digestate, the product obtained after anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas production, is rich in plant nutrients and might be used to fertilize crops. Wheat(Triticum spp. L.) was fertilized with digestate,...Digestate, the product obtained after anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas production, is rich in plant nutrients and might be used to fertilize crops. Wheat(Triticum spp. L.) was fertilized with digestate, urea, or left unfertilized and cultivated in the greenhouse for 120 d. Emissions of greenhouse gasses(carbon dioxide(CO_2), methane(CH_4), and nitrous oxide(N_2O)) were monitored and plant growth characteristics were determined at harvest. The digestate was characterized for heavy metals, pathogens, and C and N mineralization potential in an aerobic incubation experiment. No Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., or viable eggs of helminths were detected in the digested pig slurry, but the number of faecal coliforms was as high as 3.6 × 10~4colony-forming units(CFU) g-^(1)dry digestate. The concentrations of heavy metals did not surpass the upper limits established by US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). After 28 d, 17% of the organic C(436 g kg^(-1)dry digestate) and 8% of the organic N(6.92 g kg^(-1)dry digestate)were mineralized. Emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 were not significantly affected by fertilization in the wheat-cultivated soil, but digestate significantly increased the cumulative N_2O emission by 5 times compared to the urea-amended soil and 63 times compared to the uncultivated unfertilized soil. It could be concluded that digestate was nutrient rich and low in heavy metals and pathogens, and did not affect emissions of CH_4 and CO_2 when applied to a soil cultivated with wheat, but increased emission of N_2O.展开更多
文摘Symptoms of Tar Spot Complex (TSC) in corn appear in the form of black spots surrounded by a chlorotic halo known as fish-eye. The crop with these symptoms was found at San Pablo Autopan, Estado de Mexico. The stromal region of foliar lesions was cut longitudinally, showing perithecia, asci and ascospores typical of Phyllachora maydis. The results were confirmed by PCR-ITS with ITS 1 and ITS4 initiators, cloned by pJET, before being sequenced and compared against NCBI’s data base. Phyllachora identity was confirmed. This is the first report where TSC pathogen has been detected under conditions that had not been previously reported, for instance, at 2600 meters above the sea level.
文摘Digestate, the product obtained after anaerobic digestion of organic waste for biogas production, is rich in plant nutrients and might be used to fertilize crops. Wheat(Triticum spp. L.) was fertilized with digestate, urea, or left unfertilized and cultivated in the greenhouse for 120 d. Emissions of greenhouse gasses(carbon dioxide(CO_2), methane(CH_4), and nitrous oxide(N_2O)) were monitored and plant growth characteristics were determined at harvest. The digestate was characterized for heavy metals, pathogens, and C and N mineralization potential in an aerobic incubation experiment. No Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., or viable eggs of helminths were detected in the digested pig slurry, but the number of faecal coliforms was as high as 3.6 × 10~4colony-forming units(CFU) g-^(1)dry digestate. The concentrations of heavy metals did not surpass the upper limits established by US Environmental Protection Agency(EPA). After 28 d, 17% of the organic C(436 g kg^(-1)dry digestate) and 8% of the organic N(6.92 g kg^(-1)dry digestate)were mineralized. Emissions of CO_2 and CH_4 were not significantly affected by fertilization in the wheat-cultivated soil, but digestate significantly increased the cumulative N_2O emission by 5 times compared to the urea-amended soil and 63 times compared to the uncultivated unfertilized soil. It could be concluded that digestate was nutrient rich and low in heavy metals and pathogens, and did not affect emissions of CH_4 and CO_2 when applied to a soil cultivated with wheat, but increased emission of N_2O.
